Confident Me: School Workshops for Body Confidence Workshop Guide for Teachers workshop 2 of 5
Learning outcomes and resources IN THIS WORKSHOP YOU WILL: Analyze professional and social media Develop media literacy skills by exploring how images and messages from media often manipulate reality Set a short term social media goal that addresses appearance ideals NATIONAL HEALTH EDUCATION STANDARDS: Students will comprehend concepts related to health promotion and disease prevention to enhance health. Students will analyze the influence of family, peers, culture, media, technology, and other factors on health behaviors. Students will demonstrate the ability to use goalsetting skills to enhance health. END OF SESSION ASSESSMENT: Practice goal setting RESOURCES YOU WILL NEED: Workshop materials Workshop guide Workshop presentation Two activity sheets (one set per student) Extension sheet (one per student) Going further sheet (one per student) Stimulus images and film: Throughout the Day film The film shows students that people are bombarded with media messages throughout the day from a number of different sources. Dove: Evolution images The images demonstrate to students the transformation of one model s appearance from their natural state to a finished image for use in advertising. From your school Projector and whiteboard Students will each need a pen You will need to source examples of advertisements. It is important to select advertisements that will resonate with your class, both boys and girls. You should aim to find two examples, one depicting a celebrity promoting a product aimed at the students age range, and other examples that advertise different products. It can be useful to search online for popular celebrities with the following search term: [insert celebrity name] ADVERTISEMENT. OPTIONAL: Spare paper Flipchart and markers 2
Overview Total time: 43 minutes INTRODUCING MEDIA MESSAGES What have we learned? What are we learning today? What do we mean by media? How can images be manipulated? 13 MINUTES page 4 IMPACT OF MEDIA MESSAGES 20 MINUTES page 10 Why is professional media often created in this way? How would it feel to have your image manipulated? What is the impact of media messages? What is the impact of messages and images on social media? CLOSURE AND ASSESSMENT 10 MINUTES page 14 What have we learned today? Setting goals Extension Sheet and Going Further 3
Introducing media messages 13 minutes By the end of this section, students will have improved their media literacy, exploring how images and messages in professional media are often manipulations of the truth. > > Welcome students to the Media Messages workshop. Briefly remind students that the workshop series aims to help them to explore more helpful ways to manage appearance pressures and build body confidence. Students are welcomed to the workshop. 4
> > Invite one or two students to recall what they have learned in the previous workshop. > > Summarize any key learning outcomes from the previous session students have missed. Students briefly recall what they have learned in the previous workshop. > > Briefly explain the areas of focus for today s workshop. Briefly remind students of the ground rules to help create a supportive, non-judgemental environment throughout the fivesession program. Students understand that the workshop will focus on media images that promote appearance ideals, and how we can generate ways to challenge and reject these media messages. 5
Media: Students explore what we mean by media. They can list different types of media, and sort media into two categories: professional media and personal and social media. List examples of media. What is the media s purpose? > > Students answer this individually as they enter the classroom. As a class, discuss examples of media. Write them on the board in two different colors without telling students in advance what each color represents. (One color will represent professional media, and the other will represent personal and social media) > > Then ask students what the purpose of the media is. Conclude that the purpose of media is to persuade public opinion. > > Ask students: Any examples of media such as film, TV programs, advertisements, specific social media sites, magazines etc. TV programs, film, music videos, ads, computer games. Photos, videos, comments, selfies, writing (often on social media sites). Messages, images and films that are communicated in different ways. Profesional media: Images, messages and films produced by companies or businesses that are communicated through channels such as TV programs, magazines, advertising, films, music videos. Personal and social media: Images, messages and films produced by you and your friends, including on social media sites. What would the media be trying to persuade us to do? > > Discuss becoming a smart consumer and understanding the reasons why the media may use different strategies to persuade people. > > Inform students that there are two types of media written on the board and ask which one they think is which: Professional vs. Personal media? If they didn t list any personal media, facilitate this at the beginning, making sure there is a clear list of each on the board. 6
> > Explain that we aren t just exposed to messages about appearance ideals in professional media, but in all different types of media. Reinforce that it is not just the images we see but also the messages we are given that add to the pressure to achieve appearance ideals. > > Play the short animation on the slide and facilitate a short class discussion. Students recognize how frequently they are exposed to messages that promote appearance ideals, and the impact this can have. They commit to challenging such images in the media. Where do you see appearance ideals in the media throughout the day? How many times a day do you see or read something that promotes the need to match appearance ideals? Is it tens? Hundreds? Thousands? Answers could include social media, TV, advertising, magazines, newspapers, phone apps, taking photos. All types of images can manipulate the truth, such as films, music videos, computer games and their own and their friends pictures on social media. How does the media we see throughout our day promote appearance ideals? What messages do they include? Media messages that promote appearance ideals include: that looking good is easy; that everyone should focus on how they look rather than other things in life; and that if you don t look like appearance ideals, you are not good enough. What might the impact of all these messages be? Each form of media or communication might be unhelpful, or even harmful. 7
> > Explain that we will start by exploring how images and messages in professional media can be a source of appearance pressures. Students will articulate ways that images in professional media can be manipulated through airbrushing, styling and production techniques. How are images of people in the media manipulated or changed? > > Invite one or two responses from members of the class. > > Show Dove: Evolution images. What did you find surprising, unreal or unlikeable about the finished product? > > Invite one or two responses. General responses such as air-brushing, lighting, make-up, choosing the best few images out of hundreds taken. Surprise that so much is changed and how different the model looks from the start of the images before the hair and make-up starts, to the photo on the billboard. Ask students to be specific about how the changes are made through the different techniques identified. Students will recognize or list the different ways the image has been manipulated. > > Show Dove: Evolution images again, this time in two parts. Review first three images and then second group of three images. 8
Students record their reactions to the images on Activity Sheet 1. > > Instruct students to work independently to complete Activity sheet 1, Task 1.1. What are all the decisions that were made about the image before the photos were taken? > > Show Dove: Evolution images after the photos were taken. > > Instruct students to complete Activity sheet 1, Task 1.2. What are all the decisions that were made about the image after the photos were taken? For example the photographer was chosen, the model was carefully selected, her hair was styled, eye make-up and foundation was applied, and professional lighting was used. For example just one photo was selected, blemishes and spots were removed, the skin tone was altered, her neck was elongated, they made her hair fuller, they lifted her eyebrows and made her eyes bigger and whitened her teeth. > > Use the slide to share the different decisions made for Dove: Evolution. > > Facilitate a short class discussion. What have you learned from viewing the images? > > How might you view images differently? Images in the media are neither real nor achievable. Help students recognize that even celebrities don t look like they do in magazines when they re going about their daily lives. Students will share their reactions to the manipulation they witnessed in the images. They will be able to explain why it is unfair and unrealistic to compare themselves or others to manipulated images they see in the media. What are some examples of other media you see that manipulate images of people in similar ways? Why do you think is it unrealistic or unfair to compare the way you or your friends look to manipulated images of people you see in professional media? Average people are not models and do not have make-up artists or hairstylists or professional photo editors to make them look perfect, so it is like comparing things on totally different levels, which is not fair. Be sure to get the students to verbalize that they do not think it s a good idea/fair/realistic to compare themselves or others and why they think this is so. 9
Impact of media messages 20 minutes By the end of this section, students will have understood that it is pointless to compare themselves to images in media because the images often promote appearance ideals in order to sell us products and services. > > Explain, now that they have explored how images in professional media are often manipulated, students are now going to consider the messages that often accompany these images. Try to answer all of these questions for at least two advertisements to allow students time to reflect on the way advertisements are designed. Students will recognize that images in professional media (specifically advertisements) reflect current appearance ideals in order to promote their products and services. > > Show your advertisements. Rapidly guide students collectively through the key questions for each example advertisement, encouraging a whole-class response. What is being sold in this advertisement? Who are they using to sell it? Why are they using a person who looks like this? Student responses will vary depending on which of the six ads is being discussed. If the advertisement is for a product, to make it look like the product works as well as the ad promises. They are attractive and appealing looking, and popular with the people who would like to have that product. Show the advertisements you have sourced alongside this slide. You can find more details on the type of ads to source in the equipment list on p. 2. Why would they manipulate a picture of this person to make them look more ideal in this ad? Advertisers want people to compare their own looks or lives to the ones they see in the advertisement. They imply that by buying that product, people can get closer to matching appearance ideals, even though this is unrealistic and unfair because most images are manipulated. 10
Students will recognize or list the different ways the image in the film has been manipulated. They will be able to explain why it is unfair and unrealistic to compare themselves or others to manipulated images they see in the media. > > Explain that we are going to explore the messages behind advertisements in further detail. > > Facilitate a class discussion using one of the ads you have selected. What does the advertisement promise? What feelings does the advertisement evoke? The advertisement promotes appearance ideals or an ideal lifestyle and connects this with using the product. It suggests buying the product will make you a better person, or make you better looking, and advertising promotes the idea that people will not like you as much if you don t buy the product. Viewers feel dissatisfied and want to make changes so they look more like what they see in the ad. They are inspired and hopeful that the product will help them get closer to meeting appearance ideals, and achieving the ideal lifestyle, just like what they see in the ad. You may want to use the Extension sheet with more able students, or set it as an independent follow-up task. Try to guide students to provide these answers for themselves, but they may need some support in articulating these points. The feelings stage is really important this is the response advertisers want to generate and it s these feelings that provoke the action of buying the product. What actions do people take after seeing the advertisement? They purchase the product, hoping it will make them change to be more like what they see. What are the results of these actions? Even though the product works, it doesn t produce the desired change in look or lifestyle. This leads to disappointment and feelings of failure. How do people respond to fix these results? The person looks for another product that promises a better solution. > > Repeat these questions again for the second advertisement you have selected. 11
> > Facilitate a short class discussion. How do you think celebrities and models might feel after their images have been so drastically altered? They make them feel sad, unworthy, insecure, not good enough. You may like to refer to recent examples of celebrities who have openly commented on the manipulation of their photos. Do these images make them feel that they have an ideal lifestyle? Students consider the emotional impact that having your image manipulated can have. Students explore how appearance ideals are promoted through messages and images on social media, and the impact this can have. > > Explain that the easiest way to take personal action is to change the way we each respond to, and challenge, media images. This means taking apart the messages we receive, and taking action to change what messages and images we consume. > > Ask students to discuss in pairs how they might pass on or reinforce appearance ideals on social media. What strategies do people use to create pictures of themselves that show them looking close to appearance ideals? What are the influences that occur as a result of these social media strategies? (list) Which are positive? Negative? How does viewing images like this on social media sites make you feel? Answers could include the angle that people take selfies at, only putting up photos they think they look best in, using photo editing apps or filters. Encourage students to share specific strategies. You could remind students of the different techniques they saw in Dove: Evolution. Are similar techniques used in personal and social media? Draw out the negative impact of viewing images that promote appearance ideals/the ideal lifestyle. Help students understand it is okay to want to look good in selfies, but trying to look good all the time, or as the only focus of social media activities can get in the way of other important things they might also want to promote, like showing themselves having fun, focusing on achievements, etc. 12
> > On chart paper or board, draw three columns (Chart will be continued throughout the program; see Slide 15 of the presentation for reference). As they discuss and share desired responses, record the influences of social media under left column titled Social Media. After listing, discuss whether that influence is a positive (+) or negative (-) influence by placing a + or - next to each example. 13
Closure and Assessment 10 minutes By the end of this section, students will have reflected on their learning throughout the lessons and committed to a goal to demonstrate their ongoing commitment to championing body confidence. Throughout the workshop, students will have: Built media literacy, exploring how images and messages - from advertising and movies to social media are often manipulations of the truth. Understood that it is pointless to compare themselves to images in media because they often promote appearance ideals designed to sell us products and services. Set a goal to challenge and reject media images and messages, especially those that promote ideals of appearance. Students will share key messages from today s session > > Ask for volunteers to read the slide to review the session content. What have we learned in today s workshop? > > Invite volunteers to read out the key learning points from the slide and summarize any points students have missed. What have we learned about images in the media? Students articulate the key messages in their own words. 14
> > Review the slide content that describes how to set a simple goal. Help students to choose a small and specific action, which will make it easier for them to keep to their commitment. Students will use what they have learned in today s session to set a personal goal, thereby committing to an action to modify their response to media messages. What goal can you make to challenge or resist the images that promote ideals of appearance in the media? > > Go over the SMART Goal Setting criteria. When discussing the SMART goal example, discuss: What makes this Specific? How is this Measurable? How is this Attainable? How is this Realistic? What is the Time limit? Students suggestions may range from the way they consume professional media, how they create or consume personal and social media, or how they can learn better to identify and challenge the existence of appearance ideals. While the example in the slide is not necessarily pertinent to media influence of body ideals, it shows student the components of a SMART goal. Remind students to be sure that each part of the SMART goal is reflected in the statement they write. > > Brainstorm briefly some examples of ways to modify their response to media messages related to body ideals. > > Instruct students to choose any of these ideas, or come up with one of their own, to write a SMART goal. > > Thank students for their participation in today s workshop, and draw the workshop to a close. If possible, offer to stay behind or speak to students at another time about anything you have covered in the workshop. 15
> > Encourage your students to explore the ideas raised in today s workshop by completing the Going further sheet before the next workshop. > > Suggest they identify three ways they compare the way they look with those around them. 16
Next steps You have now completed Workshop 2: from the Confident Me: School Workshops for Body Confidence. The next workshop in the series is: Confront Comparisons. ABOUT THIS WORKSHOP: In this workshop, students identify how valuing and focusing too much on the way people look often leads them to compare their own appearance with their friends as well as people they see in the media. Confront Comparisons Students see that the features they tend to focus on when comparing themselves with others are the features they don t like, and that they choose to compare with people who they perceive have much better versions of these features. They explore how these comparisons are unhelpful and can be harmful due to the negative feelings they create in themselves and in others. Finally, they practice using alternative, more positive responses during moments of comparison that help them all have the confidence to be the best version of themselves and to celebrate their individuality. Confident Me: School Workshops for Body Confidence workshop 3 of 5 Access the materials for this workshop, and others in the Confident Me: Five-Session Program at dove.com/selfesteem Confront Comparisons Slide 1 Adapted from Happy Being Me with permission and under licence from Susan T. Paxton, Sian A. McLean, Shanel M. Few and Sarah J. Durkin, 2013. 17
t self-esteem project dove.com/selfesteem