The EU China Water Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA)

13 th EWA Conference Brussels - 7 November 2017 The EU China Water Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA) www.project-piano.net Elena Giusta, Alessandro Lotti ISPRA Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research Markus Starkl Boku University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences -Vienna, Austria 1

Summary of the presentation 1. PIANO overview 2. Overview WP2 and 3 3. PIANO WP4 Task 4 a. WP4 -Task 4a Comparative analysis of existing research and innovation agendas with China b. WP4 -Task 4b Proposal of a shared research agenda c. WP4 -Task 4c Proposal of a shared innovation agenda d. WP4 -Task 4d Proposal of a shared research and innovation agenda (SRIA) PIANO online survey Domains and technologies The SRIA Proposal for an implementation plan 2

Project Objectives Strengthening and expanding the existing network of the China Europe Water Platform (CEWP) to cover all actors for water research and innovation relevant for China Europe water cooperation. Identification of European technological water innovations (TWIs)and areas for joint development of technological solutions that have a potential for implementation in China Identification of drivers and barriers, elaborating strategies for overcoming such barriers and taking advantage of drivers for implementation and replication of technological water innovations in China. Promotion of knowledge exchange and policy dialogue to build an enabling environment for the uptake of technological water innovations with a great potential for implementation, further replication and market uptake in China. Consolidation of a shared strategic research and innovation agenda (SRIA) between Europe and China in the water sector Effective dissemination and mainstreaming of project results within China, Europe and worldwide to various target audiences.

EU partners Participant No * Participant organisation name Short name Country 1 University of Natural Resources and Life BOKU Austria Sciences Vienna 2 Technical University of Denmark DTU Denmark 3 International Office for Water OIEAU France 4 Italian National Institute for Environmental ISPRA Italy Protection and Research 5 National Laboratory for Civil Engineering LNEC Portugal 6 Stockholm International Water Institute SIWI Sweden 7 W.S. Atkins International Limited ATKINS UK 8 European Water Association EWA Germany (pan- European) 9 European Union Chamber of Commerce China EUCCC China

Chinese partners Participant No * Participant organisation name Short Name Location 1 Chinese Secretariat of the China Europe Water Platform hosted by the Ministry of Water Resources 2 Foreign Economic Cooperation Office of the Ministry of Environmental Protection 3 Development Research Centre of the Ministry of Water Resources 4 Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning 5 Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 6 China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Ministry of Water Resources 7 Peking University, Center for Water Research 8 Tongji University, College of Environmental Engineering and Science 9 Wuhan University, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering 10 Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences 11 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences 12 Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy, Chinese Academy of Sciences 13 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research CEWP- MWR FECO-MEP DRC-MWR CAEP RCEES - CAS IWRH - MWR PKU-CWR TU-CEES WHU- MOST IHE-CAS ISWC-CAS CCAP- CAS UCAS-SDC Beijing Beijing Beijing Beijing Beijing Beijing Beijing Shanghai Wuhan Wuhan Yangling Beijing Beijing

WP 2: Results of TWI survey Systematic approach to identify EU Technological Water Innovations (TWIs) with potential for China Water challenges in China specified (in consultation with CEWP) Landscaping of existing TWIs in EU to solve those water challenges Agricultural water management Municipal water management Industrial water management River Basin Management Water for energy Landscaping of existing TWIs in China Survey including consultation and online survey of various stakeholders in EU and China (e.g. EWA, IWA) Comparative analysis of EU and China TWIs

Results of TWI survey Deliverable D2.1: European technological water innovations in a Europe-China context

Comparative analysis: Selection of up to 20 TWIs for each are/domain and assigning to one of following 6 categories: Sector Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Total Agricultural water management Municipal water management Industrial water management - - 15 5-20 2-14 11-27 - - 18 19-37 River basin management - - 6 11-17 Water for energy - - 5 13-18 Total 2 0 58 59 119 Category 4: Innovative solutions available in the EU but not in China

WP 3: Drivers and barriers Drivers and barriers most important for successful technology implementation/replication European Innovation Partnership Water has stated that Europe is very strong on research but fails to turn knowledge into added value for society and markets European Innovation Partnership Water (2012). Strategic Implementation Plan, Brussels.

Drivers and barriers Approach Identification of drivers in water sector Strong policy drivers Water Ten regulations (Water Pollution Prevention and Control) 13 th Five Year Plan More specific drivers to sub-sectors Identification of barriers General barriers in water sector Barriers for specific technology categories Barriers for subsectors/domains and specific barriers to selected TWIs

Drivers and barriers General barriers in water sector Market understanding / language Market/public acceptance of new technologies Promoted/closed lists for imports and market access Localisation of technology Certification and approval of technologies Identification of clients Procurement routes Business registration and banking Reliable partners for distribution, installation, training and operation IPR Protection and copying

Drivers and barriers Barriers for specific technology categories Classification in four main technology categories Monitoring Type of approval Distribution, support and maintenance Copying by local competitors Modelling Data access, lack of data Communication of meaning of results Hacking, copying of IPR Costs General preference for local versions of free software (eg EPA)

Drivers and barriers Barriers for specific technology categories Integrated management systems / controls Local certification requirements Import and customs restrictions Distribution, support and maintenance Costs, IPRs Technologies / Products Easily copied by local manufacturers Advanced treatment technologies struggle on costs Standards not high enough yet to drive the market Import and costumes

PIANO WP4 Task 4: Elaboration of a shared strategic research and innovation agenda for EU-China water cooperation The specific objective of the Task 4 is the elaboration of a shared strategic research and innovation agenda for EU and China in the water sector. The agenda implementation includes 4 sub-tasks: Task 4a Comparative analysis of existing research and innovation agendas with China Task 4b Proposal of a shared research agenda Is further research required to overcome any of the identified barriers? Is research required for joint development on solutions for water challenges that are currently missing? Task 4c Proposal of a shared innovation agenda Innovation agenda that will help to create market opportunities in China, eg pilot and demonstration projects Task 4d Finalization of a shared research and innovation agenda (SIA) 14

Task 4a Comparative analysis of existing research and innovation agendas with China The elaboration of the PIANO Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA), was based on a comparative analysis of existing research and innovation agendas, aimed to explore and compare needs, topics and actions, listed within each agenda. The agendas taken in consideration were referred to international programs involving EU and China institutions and they have proved very useful in identifying key technology areas of interest, in order to tackle the main, present and future, water challenges. 15

International Agendas: 1. WssTp European Technological Platform on Water 2. Water JPI Strategic Research and Innovation 3. EIP Partnership on Water 4. Acqueau Strategic Research Agenda 5. European Commission: Blueprint to Safeguard Europe s Water Resources 6. ASEM documents on water 7. China s water resources management challenge: The three red lines National Agendas: 1. Connect-EU Water Group Strategic Research Agenda 2012 (Spain) 2. International Strategy for Finland s Water Sector (Finland) 3. Italian strategic research agenda: National strategy on adaptation to the climate change (Italy) 16

Task 4a Comparative analysis of existing research and innovation agendas with China First step for building a shared research and innovation agenda for Europe and China water cooperation was a comparative analysis of existing reports and agendas developed in Europe and China on R&I. Classifying of almost all water related challenges within five broad categories in the themes of water management (water scarcity, water pollution, droughts and floods; ecosystem degradation; water infrastructure issues). Furthermore, a sixth category bringing together cross-cutting issues has been introduced in order to consider those actions not directly related to water technology, such as the implementation of environmental regulations and laws, actions to encourage social acceptance of the reuse of water, as well as water-saving policies, capacity-building activities and general social policies. 17

For each analyzed agenda, an organized list of research and innovation needs as well as actions and measures was framed in the common scheme: Water Innovation drivers (water challenges) and Key water domains: 18

Example Research Agenda (Draft) Water JPI & 3 Red Lines Driver: Water challenges 1 Agricultural water management 2 - Municipal water management 3 Industrial water management 4 - River basin management and flood control 5 Water for energy 1 - Water scarcity 1.1 Efficiency of water use Groundwater efficiency in irrigated agriculture (precision irrigation technologies; sensors and monitoring technologies; fertigation technologies) Drinking water production from wastewater Water reuse technologies (in irrigation and industry) Managed Aquifer Recharge Technologies Implementing MAR; Natural water retention measures (nature-based solutions) Water reuse technologies Water reuse in irrigated agriculture (promoting social acceptance, assessing costs and barriers) Develop water-conserving farming and forestry practices Tools for assessing water costs for agriculture and forestry Recovery energy and raw material technologies from sludge and wastewater (energy and nutrient recovery technologies) Water desalination technologies Water-saving technologies Recovery energy and raw material technologies from sludge and wastewater (energy and nutrient recovery technologies) Research at catchment scale: assessment method of available water resources Freshwater overexploitation Water resources assessment: Monitoring technologies and sensors technologies; Research on hydrological processes (Monitoring; sensors technologies; 19

Example Innovation Agenda (Draft) WssTP & 3 Red Lines Driver: Water challenges 1 Agricultural water management 2 - Municipal water management 3 Industrial water management 4 - River basin management and flood control 5 Water for energy 1 - Water scarcity Irrigation technologies: Decision Support Systems Water saving technologies (taps, WCs, infrastructures, water reuse) Technologies to define and use water quality fit for use Mitigation strategies to face soil sealing (increasing runoff; reducing aquifer recharge) Improve industrial water reuse Water reuse: new technologies (e.g. cascading systems); Safe reuse of treated wastewater reuse Efficient Use of Water (EUW); metering technologies Technologies aimed at close the water cycle (leading to zero discharge system) Forecasting technologies of water resources and water demands Water-energy nexus: Energy is needed for water supply; (stat: Water is crucial in power production) Precision irrigation technologies; Irrigation management Tools to manage and predict water demand Technologies to develop sustainable use of resources (discharge, waste, energy) Optimisation of water uses and water saving and management of multiple water users Reducing leakage from pipe networks (water infrastructure efficiency; leakage detection and monitoring technologies) Monitoring systems and technologies Water balance modelling systems and technologies, DSS Alternative Water Resources (potential sources; Water reuse technologies; desalination technologies; rainwater harvesting techn..) Water saving technologies (energy efficient systems) Monitoring system to assess GW abstraction and recharge Data integration technologies, to improve data availability Energy recovery technologies; Resources / raw material recovery technologies: Freshwater bodies classification and matching alert system (physical economical identifiers; water inflow changes; GW extraction rate) 20

Task 4b Proposal of a shared research agenda National and International Agendas on Research (WaterJPI, 3 Red Lines etc.) Domains & Challenges Solution for sustainable use of water resources; --- Develope water conserving farming and forstry; Tools for assessing water costs, modelling; Reducing soil and water pollution; Emerging pollutants; Analytical technique; Remediation strategies and technologies etc 21

Task 4c Proposal of a shared innovation agenda National and International Agendas on Innovation (WssTP, 3 Red Lines etc.) Domains & Challenges DSS irrigation technologies --- Precision farming technologies Remediation technologies Microbiological risk assessment and management Wastewater treatment technologies Real time monitoring and control system Modelling tools for integrated risk assessment Etc 22

A particular attention to the WssTp and Water JPI agendas, EIP Water implementation plan and to the Three red lines was given. Important topics for each challenge and domain were identified, in order to finalize the Piano SRIA. Water challenges PIANO Research and Innovation scheme 1 Agricultural water management domain 2 - Municipal water management domain --- 1. Water scarcity Irrigation technologies: Decision Support Systems Water reuse Water saving technologies Efficient Use of Water --- --- 2. Water pollution Nutrients and pesticide technologies management Microbiological Risk Assessment and management tools --- Water pollution reduction technologies Sensors and monitoring technologies --- 23

Proposal for a shared research and innovation agenda: PIANO Online Questionnaire A questionnaire was produced for collecting the key actors opinions about the research priorities to be addressed, both in terms of objectives and topics of interest. It was also asked to indicate which actions should be carried out primarily within each of the five PIANO water domains: Agriculture, Municipal and Industrial Water Management, River Basin Management, Water for Energy. The scheme Water challenges / Priority thematic areas has been worked out taking into account the results of the comparative analysis, as above described, and the WP2 Identification of European technological water innovations and areas for joint development of technological solutions that have a potential for implementation in China. The replies submitted to this survey were analyzed, aggregated and taken into consideration for the development of the PIANO SRIA. 24

PIANO Online Questionnaire The Questionnaire consists of 6 Sections: Section 1 asks for information on the respondent. Sections 2-3-4-5-6 correspond to each of the 5 water domains and require to assign a priority to the actions. 25

PIANO Online Questionnaire It was also requested to classify the most appropriate actions to achieve the PIANO objectives, following these categories: Innovation Actions (IA), Research and Innovation Actions (RIA), Research Actions (RA). 26

Domains and technologies (Annex to the PIANO Online Questionnaire) AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT DOMAIN The activities of Domain 1 aim to overcome the following objectives: to reduce water scarcity increasing water saving techniques and water management; to reduce water pollution focusing on new irrigation technologies as DDS and techniques for water reuse and safety through wastewater reuse; to control and manage flood and extreme events for reducing impacts on agricultural sector. Technologies Inventory: TWIEU A36, TWIEU A8, TWIEU A30, TWIEU A16, TWIEU A24 The prioritized and recommended TWIs are marked in bold MAIN CHALLENGES Water Scarcity RELEVANT RESEARCH AND INNOVATION ACTIVITIES Implementation of precision irrigation technologies and irrigation management: DSS and modelling for water resources assessment (Technologies, tools, ICT platforms); Implementation of water reuse new technologies (e.g. cascading systems); Safe reuse of treated wastewater reuse; Efficiency of water use ; For a better understanding and properly filling it, an Annex to the Piano Online Questionnaire was provided. The Annex focused on the following topics: the issues related to the five considered domains; the measures to be undertaken (objectives); the relevant research and innovation activities to be developed; the technologies to be adopted. 27

Domains and technologies (Annex to the PIANO Online Questionnaire) AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES TWI TWI Category TWI Subcategory TWIEU A36. Groundwater sampling system with passive samplers measuring volatile organic compounds such as chlorinated solvent sand constituents of petroleum fuels in groundwater, including sampler analysis. It could be used for extraction of soil-water from dry boreholes in contaminated site investigation. TWIEU A8. DSS: SCADA remote control system, based on the qualitative parameters of treated water to be used for irrigation purpose. Groundwater technology Irrigation technology Monitoring technologies (incl. DSS) Real-time estimation tools The Annex highlighted the innovative technologies available in the EU, that have potential for application in China, evaluated and selected under WP2 and included in the related Inventory II. 28

Proposal of a shared Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda The SRIA proposal was based on the identification of the following crucial areas: the EU most innovative water technological solutions market-ready for their implementation in China; the areas for potential collaboration in developing joint EU-China technological solutions; the drivers, barriers and strategies for overcoming the barriers and taking advantages of drivers for implementation and replication of technological water innovations A relevant contribution was provided by the questionnaire circulated among the water experts of China and EU. The SRIA defines for each of the 5 water domains, innovation needs and priorities actions for the main challenges in the water sector identified by the project. 29

Proposal of a shared Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda Domain 1 - Agricultural water management: Challenge 1 Water scarcity: Implementation of water-saving policies and technologies - water recovery and recycling -development of more efficient systems for abstracting underground water resources - precision irrigation technologies. Challenge 2 Water pollution: nutrients and pesticide reduction through adequate management - technologies for pollution remediation - treatment, precision irrigation and energy recovery technologies - water-related soil degradation technologies against salinity, erosion, clogging and oxidation. Challenge 3 Extreme events (droughts and floods): Monitoring and extreme events management - forecasting and early warning systems. 30

Proposal of a shared Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda Domain 2 - Municipal water management Challenge 1 Water scarcity: Water saving technologies and wastewater reuse water reuse infrastructures desalination technologies and rainwater harvesting technologies recovery energy and raw material technologies. Challenge 2 Water pollution: Risk assessment and management tools monitoring and removing technologies. Challenge 3 Extreme events (droughts and floods): Storm water management and systems for flood and drought assessment nature based solution DSS (Decision Support System). 31

Proposal of a shared Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda Domain 2 - Municipal water management Challenge 4 Ecosystem degradation: methods to determine environmental flow needs, which could cause ecosystem degradation. Challenge 5 Water infrastructures: Wastewater collection improvement - Methods-technologies for identification (monitoring) and remediation of corrosion Monitoring and management technologies. 32

Proposal of a shared Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda Domain 3 Industrial water management Challenge 1 Water scarcity: Technologies for closing the cycle gap - recovery energy and raw material technologies from sludge and wastewater - technologies and system to reduce water scarcity. Challenge 2 Water pollution: monitoring and treatment technologies against water pollution - monitoring water quality and advanced water treatment technologies - advanced water treatment technologies (Membrane technologies; advanced biological, treatment, solid separation). 33

Proposal of a shared Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda Domain 4 - River basin management and flood control Challenge 1 Water scarcity: Monitoring and management technologies optimization of water uses and water saving management aquifer management and DSS. Challenge 2 Water pollution: New technologies for contaminated areas remediation early warning system and data integration water pollution monitoring parameters Challenge 3 Extreme events (droughts and floods): New remote sensor technologies as Doppler radar and wireless sensor risk based decision, hydrological and meteorological models forecasting monitoring system. 34

Proposal of a shared Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda Domain 4 - River basin management and flood control Challenge 4 Ecosystem degradation: new water management scheme - new technologies and research on restoration methodologies of aquatic system. 35

Proposal of a shared Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda Domain 5 Water for energy Challenge 1 Water scarcity: industrial water reuse improvement hydropower plant improvement new technologies. 36

Proposal of a shared Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda The overall results of the survey are presented in the SRIA in tables, where a colour is assigned both to the actions to be taken (red) and to the application areas (green). The colour intensity corresponds to the percentage of responses obtained in relation to the three priority classes - high, medium and low - and the three types of application areas RA, RIA and IA. (***) UN Countries have adopted a set of goals as part of a new sustainable development agenda (2015). The PIANO SRIA will focus its actions in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework. 37

Steps towards an implementation plan IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Identifies priority items that are to be implemented Plans joint activities Identifies specific goals and objectives 38

Steps towards an implementation plan Planned workshop with various stakeholders to discuss priorities for future EU China R&I programmes Ideally, uptake of PIANO SRIA in ongoing/future R&I programmes Draft SRIA presented based on work conducted so far- feedback and suggestions welcome: Elena Giusta: elena.giusta@isprambiente.it 39

Thank you for your kind attention! https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8407898 @Piano_EU_China https://www.facebook.com/pianoprojecth2020 40

Links www.project.piano.net

Acknowledgements Presentation used additional material from deliverable D2.1 (Smets et al.) and internal draft deliverable D3.1 (Spooner et al.). Co-funding of the project by the European Commission within the Horizon 2020 Programme under Grant agreement number: 642433 is kindly acknowledged.