Loss of farmland Land conversion and stormwater runoff Water quality and quantity Loss of wildlife habitat Larger carbon footprint Lack of roadway connectivity and access Public health and safety Road and utility infrastructure - maintenance and repair costs Increased tax burden (schools, infrastructure, services) Diminished sense of community, limits local economy Municipal role to protect quality of life
Consequences of Sprawl Increase in roadway maintenance costs, vehicle emissions, and air pollution Increased commuting times and fuel costs Reduced access to public transportation services Lack of neighborhood connectivity Increase in health problems in children and adults due air pollution and access to recreation and non-motorized activity Sprawl is an inefficient pattern of land use. See http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/resources/measuring-sprawl-and-its-impact/
Multiple Benefits of Improving Integration in Planning Applying existing processes to create solutions Focus on investment in existing infrastructure Reduce vehicle emissions and related costs (savings) Improve access to transportation alternatives Provide choices in housing, employment and services Encourage efficient growth and use of resources Maintain critical ecosystem services Maintain social fabric of communities, public health and safety, and local economy
Planning for a Sustainable Future Master Plan Vision Chapter Land Use Chapter NEW! Energy Chapter Sustainability Climate Change Energy Security Public Health Updated every 5-10 years Public process lead by the Planning Board Addresses local priorities Enables local action
Form Based Code/Smart Code Conservation Subdivision Transfer of Development Rights Open Space Preservation Plan Natural Resource Conservation Agricultural Preservation Recreational Trail Systems Village/Town Center, Traditional Neighborhood Design Low Impact Development Complete Streets Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Access Management Traffic Smart Design See http://www.smartcodecentral.org/
Conservation-Open Space Development Traditional Subdivision Fewer road miles Less infrastructure Preserves forested area Reduced lot size Larger Incentives road network for Integration? Greater Alternative disturbed and renewable area energy Connectivity Larger lots with existing road network Better No common buffers open to sensitive space resources Diverse housing options Conservation Subdivision See http://www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/greendev/subdivision.shtml
Infill and Redevelopment Brownfields Redevelopment See http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/ See http://www.smartcodecentral.org/ Infill Redevelopment
LID site design is a multi-step process that integrates development and landscape features: Roads, parking lots, sidewalks Reduces use of materials and infrastructure Systems mimic the hydrology and services of natural systems Uses stormwater as an asset transformed back to a resource rather than waste See http://www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/ and http://www.unh.edu/unhsc/
Corridor Plans Access Management Signal Coordination Complete Streets Nodal Development Potential Zoning and Site Development Standards
Expand roadway function and use Residential and pedestrian environments Reduce vehicle travel 20-24 Travel Lane 20-24 Travel Lane See http://www.completestreets.org/
Goal - limit the number and control the spacing of access points Encourages development of supporting street systems and unified access and circulation for multiple uses and users Result - a roadway that functions more safely and efficiently for its useful life, and that encourages nonvehicle travel and compact Development patterns See http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/ppasg.htm
Greater mobility, choices and ease of moving about Increased transit ridership Reduced traffic congestion and driving Reduced incentive to sprawl, increased incentive for compact development Planning and code provisions - produce a mix of uses in close proximity and facilitates access to transit See http://www.ctod.org/portal/
Improving Mobility: Tools to get you from here to there Complete Streets Safe Routes to School Ride Share and Carpooling Transportation Management Associations Commute Green
Safe Routes to School SRTS is a National initiative designed to encourage more kids to walk and bike to school, and help ensure that they can do so safely. Designed to achieve broader goals of improving child health, traffic congestion, air quality and safety Federal grant funds are available to communities to support Safe Routes to School initiatives The 5 E s Education, Encouragement, Enforcement, Engineering, Evaluation
Efficient development patterns local priorities for growth and accommodation nodal development and connected uses minimize cost and maximize infrastructure efficiency multi-use development and diverse housing choices Preserve areas with high conservation value conserve land and preserve resource services and benefits link areas to a regional resource network zoning - conservation-open space subdivision and transfer of development rights, village centers Promote infill and redevelopment opportunities reuse of brownfields () transit oriented development (TOD) adaptive reuse, renewal, restoration vehicle miles travelled resource consumption carbon sequestration public health climate change local economy energy security