Contents Background Situation Analysis Effort made Key results/ achievement Future plan Towards Nirmal Bihar (An agenda of Mission Manav Vikas) Moving from contracting mode to community empowerment- An Experience from Bihar Mrs. Anshuli Arya, IAS, Principal Secretary Mr. M.S. Jawaid, Director, PMU, BSWSM Public Health Engineering Department, Bihar
Background Parameter 1 India Bihar No. of District 593 38 No. of Blocks 5564 531 No. of GPs 238054 8463 No. of Households 167,826,730 16,926,958 Sanitation coverage 30.7 (+8.8 %) 17.6 (+3.7%) Population Density 382 1106 Literacy 68.91% 61.8 % Literacy of women 58.75% 46.4% Child Sex ratio 919 935 Sex ratio 947 918 Bihar State with high hopes and aspirations Established as 'Resurgent Bihar Strong building-up process and inclusive approach of development - Growth with Justice 1. Census 2011
Institutional Structure PHED Nodal Department for NBA RDD Nodal Department for MGNREGS BSWSM * Chairperson Development Commissioner * Secretary Principal Secretary, PHED DWSM * Chairperson Chairperson, Zila Parishad * Member Secretary CEO, Zila Parishad-cum DDC DWSC * Chairperson- CEO, Zila Parishad-cum DDC * Member Secretary Executive Engineer, PHED
Situation Analysis 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 900000 800000 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 0 0 Construction mode/ supply driven 32973 55088 58583 168566 513050 Yearly toilet construction progress 839927 796699 756465 717792 640359 129089 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Household Sanitation Coverage (in %), Bihar 42 NBA Online Data (MDWS, 2014) Usage v/s coverage 18 Census 2011 250 200 150 Only 217 NGP (2.5% of total GP) in 13 years 155 217 100 50 0 39 0 4 1 0 13 6 1 GP GP GP BP GP GP GP GP GP BP 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Year wise no. of NGP won
Situation Analysis. Findings of the Consumer Research conducted in Bihar 2012 Motivations of building a toilet (N=1275) Privacy Convenience Safety from insect Security of women Avoid 44% 42% 34% 26% 63% 3 2 1 Avoid humiliation by 11% To avoid OD during 40% Toilet financed by Govt 16% Guests 17% Cleanliness 21% Improved health 8% Sanitation is 5 th and 4 th in priority list of men and women respectively Security for women and children, privacy and convenience are top 3 reasons for building toilets Avoid contaminating Better social status Children's insistence Community pressure Lack of land for OD Don't remember Others 8% 8% 3% 2% 4% 2% 1%
Learning from NGO Mode of Construction of toilet Target driven Focus on the individuals rather than community Less community participation Poor quality of construction of toilet Less usages/ non-functional toilets
State s Vision Sanitation - an agenda in Mission Manav Vikas Human Development - a range of interventions that facilitate development of the fullest human potential in each individual, especially belonging to the most disadvantaged social and economic groups. Harnessing the fullest human potential requires a simultaneous attention to the nutrition needs, the educational needs, the health needs, the food security needs, the clean water and sanitation needs, the livelihood needs, the housing needs, the empowerment needs, the gender and social equity needs of every household. Sanitation Agenda of Mission Manav Vikas Ensuring 100% access of sanitation facilities in Household and Aganwadi by 2022. 100% achievement under school toilet by 2014 Achieving NGP status in 80% GP by 2022.
Strategy Process to strengthen Policy Strategy and guidelines Road map for mission 2022 (agenda in Mission Human Development ) Technical Support Group up to village Strengthening Institutional Framework WSSO structure, Swathchata doot/ output based incentives Equipping service delivery system Role of women and youth as agents of change SHGs and Youth as Swachhata Doot - out put based incentive, cross learning Innovation Special incentive award for PRIs by State Targeted approach for BPL, SC, ST, Women, Mahadalit Participatory approach Integration and convergence As livelihood in rural areas Integration with Indira Awas CSR fund mobilisation for Community Toilet
Key Decisions taken State Sanitation Award announced Provision of Bridge fund/ Sanitation Loan IHHL as a pre-condition for contesting PRI election.
Key decisions taken Enabling environment for sanitation Shift from Contracting mode to Community Empowerment Mode. Joint order of IHHL construction in convergence with MGNERGS-NBA after state cabinet approval Decentralized and community centric approach adopted NBA incentives is being transferred directly to household s bank account Flexible technology options- HH free to construct a toilet of their choice
IHHL construction by beneficiary in convergence with MGNERGS & Targeting Schools Toilet/ Sanitary Complex School Toilet IHHL Community Toilet
Participatory Approach & Process Community Centric Approach- CLTS adopted Gram Panchayat in a lead role Motivator as change agent in village Collective behavior change Focus of achieving sustainable ODF village status Sanitation- as the source of rural livelihood
Implementation Framework Planned Triggering by Swachatta Doots at Habitation Open Defecation Elimination (ODE) and Solid Liquid Management (SLWM) Plans developed by GPs in consultation with communities ODE and SLWM plans submitted to DWSC/BDO for request of funds Incentive amount of NBA transferred to BDOs & GPs for IHHL construction Community construction and handholding Community adopts improved sanitation practices Reporting, Supervision and Incentive to community and key stakeholders Social and behavioural change activities for sustain behaviours
Support of Development Partners Strengthening supply chain Implementation Support Implementation Support Technical Support Technical Support Implementation Support NIRMAL Bihar
Challenges as identified Limited dedicated team for community mobilization Limited capacity of PRI members to take sanitation agenda Tracking the usage of toilet Disasters like Flood, Drought etc. Non functional toilet (toilet constructed few years back) Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Future Plan Sanitation Policy, Strategy and Guidelines - including communication and capacity building Institutional Strengthening - Placement of adequate and trained manpower at all levels Monitoring - Tracking status of Open Defecation Free (ODF) Tola/ village/ Panchayat (and not counting only number of toilet) Knowledge Sharing Forum What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
THANKS Email ID : secy-phed-bih@nic.in, dir_pmu@yahoo.co.in Phone No. : 0612-2545087