SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY

SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY An innovative solution for accurate injection of reagents in heterogeneous soils J e r o e n Va n d e n b r u w a n e ( I n j e c t i s, B e l g i u m ) - R e m Te c h, F e r r a r a - 2 0 / 9 / 2 0 1 8

CONTENT HOW THE IDEA GREW THE BIRTH OF THE SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY CURRENT SPIN INJECTION EQUIPMENT PROJECTS AND RESULTS SUMMARY

HOW THE IDEA GREW

HOW THE IDEA GREW Current techniques for reagents injection Amendments for in situ soil remediation are currently dosed by (1) : o Infiltration or injection on fixed wells/injectors 61% o Recirculation of groundwater 7% o Mechanical mixing / soil mixing 2% o Direct injection (direct push injection) 30% (1) After: Technical Report TR-NAVFAC-EXWC-EV-1303, Best practices for injection and distribution of amendments, Battelle Memorial Institute and NAVFAC Alternative Restoration Technology Team, March 2013

HOW THE IDEA GREW Direct push injection: principle

HOW THE IDEA GREW DIRECT PUSH INJECTION: THEORY VS REALITY T O P - D O W N I N J E C T I O N BLOW-OUT ALONG THE ROD UNINTENDED HYDRAULIC FRACTURING RESULTING IN DAYLIGHTING OF THE PRODUCT PREFERENTIAL FLOW INTO SOIL LAYERS WITH HIGHER HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY T O P - D O W N I N J E C T I O N

HOW THE IDEA GREW DIRECT PUSH INJECTION: GENERAL DESIGN injection openings smooth rod part conical tip

HOW THE IDEA GREW DIRECT PUSH INJECTION: UNINTENDED FRACTURING SOIL SMEARING SOIL COMPACTION Porosity at injection point Hydraulic conductivity (K sat ) (factor 10-10.000) Q injection K sat x P injection P injection to maintain decent flow-rate P injection > P fracturing

HOW THE IDEA GREW DIRECT PUSH INJECTION: BLOW-OUT Soil smearing Soil compaction Hydraulic conductivity (K sat ) Channel/annulus formation Hydraulic conductivity (K sat ) + P injection blow-out along rods

THE BIRTH OF THE SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY

THE BIRTH OF THE SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 FIRST IDEA AND DRAWINGS CONSTRUCTION FIRST PROTOTYPE(S) + EXTENSIVE TESTING FIRST FULL- SCALE PROJECT HARELBEKE (BELGIUM) PREVIOUSLY DPT low pressure no blow-out continuous injection over entire depth interval arrival of reagents in MWs PROOF OF SPIN INJECTION PRINCIPLE

THE BIRTH OF THE SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 CURRENT DIRECT PUSH LOGGING SITUATION LIMITED DATA ARE GATHERED DURING DIRECT INJECTIONS: Total volume injected at injection point Sometimes total volume at discrete depths (30 cm) Maximum pressure applied LIMITED OR NO DATA ON: Injection flow rates Evolution of pressure and flow rate in time and depth INJECTION PROCESS = BLACK BOX

THE BIRTH OF THE SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 CONTINUOUS REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT AND REGISTRATION OF: Injection depth (cm-accuracy) Total injected volume (V total ) Flow rate (Q injection ) Pressure (P injection ) Hydraulic conductivity across a vertical depth profile (K sat ) REAL-TIME K SAT -MEASUREMENTS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR VERY PRECISE INJECTIONS in low permeability layers close to source zones in high permeability layers in plume zones SPIN INJECTION LOGGING SYSTEM

THE BIRTH OF THE SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY SPIN INJECTION LOGGING SYSTEM

SPIN HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVIT Y LOGGING VERSUS THE BIRTH OF THE SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY CONE PENETRATION TESTING (CPT)

THE BIRTH OF THE SPIN INJECTION TECHNOLOGY 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 EXTENSIVE TESTING IN DIFFERENT SOIL D E V E LO P E D A N D P R O V E N TO O V E R C O M E T H E M A I N L I M I TAT I O N S O F T H E D I R E C T P U S H TYPES T E C H N I Q U E : Avoid soil compaction and soil smearing at injection point Inject at lower injection pressure Prevent blow-out along the annulus of the injection rod Smaller and lighter machine to access small areas Inject over entire depth interval Detailed logging of injection process FINAL DESIGN PATENTED

CURRENT SPIN INJECTION EQUIPMENT

CURRENT SPIN INJECTION EQUIPMENT MICRO-SPIN : DRIVING DIMENSIONS: Width: 0,70 m Length: 2,10 m Height: 1,95 m WORKING DIMENSIONS: Width: 1,70 m Length: 3,60 m Height: 2,00 m

CURRENT SPIN INJECTION EQUIPMENT MACRO-SPIN : DRIVING DIMENSIONS: Width: 1,50 m Length: 3,60 m Height: 2,00 m WORKING DIMENSIONS: Width: 2,50 m Length: 5,10 m Height: 3,20 m

CURRENT SPIN INJECTION EQUIPMENT DELTA-SPIN : DRIVING DIMENSIONS: Width: 0,80 m Length: 3,13 m Height: 2,25 m WORKING DIMENSIONS: Width: 1,20 m Length: 5,00 m Height: 4,25 m Max. angle: 15

CURRENT SPIN INJECTION EQUIPMENT COMPLETE EXHAUST EVACUATION SYSTEM FULLY EQUIPPED UNITS WITH BUILD-IN PRODUCT MIXING ZONE

PROJECTS AND RESULTS

PROJECTS AND RESULTS Project 1: injection below excavation pit C O N TA M I N AT I O N : Chlorinated solvents in silty sand aquifer R E M E D I AT I O N : Excavation until 3,5 m-bgl and injection of carbon source for remaining contamination until 8 m-bgl R E S U LT S : After 2 direct push injection rounds: reagent only in the first 3,5 m Short circuiting to more permeable sands in excavation pit 3rd injection round with Spin injection technology: Reagent also observed in depth

PROJECTS AND RESULTS Project 2: injection in underground garage C O N TA M I N AT I O N : Chlorinated solvents in very low permeability aquifer (Brussels) R E M E D I AT I O N : Injection between 1 and 7 m in low permeability layer (silt and clay) Micro-Spin developed for entering small spaces (78 x 200 cm) 15 injection points in 10 m x 10 m area R E S U LT S : Elevated TOC-concentrations in all 7 monitoring wells in pilot area No blow-out even at 1 m-bgl No short-circuiting between injectoin points (1,5 2 m) Dechlorination is occurring; 75% reduction in contour contamination

PROJECTS AND RESULTS Project 2: injection in underground garage

PROJECTS AND RESULTS Project 2: injection in underground garage

PROJECTS AND RESULTS Project 3: injection of persulfate C O N TA M I N AT I O N : BTEX/MTBE in low permeability aquifer (clay and silt) R E M E D I AT I O N : Excavation/MPE/sparging not possible Combination of ISCO and anaerobic bioremediation Pilot test with 5 injection points between 1 and 5 m-bgl R E S U LT S : Arrival of reagent in 6 of 7 monitoring wells Shallow injection possible without daylighting of injection solution

SUMMARY

SUMMARY R E A G E N T S A R E I N J E C T E D T O P - D O W N A N D C O N T I N U O U S L Y A C R O S S T H E D E P T H I N T E R V A L P R O V I D I N G HOMOGENEOUS DISTRIBUTION S P I N I N J E C T I O N P R O V I D E S B E T T E R D I S T R I B U T I O N IN LOW PERME ABILIT Y A ND HETEROGENEOUS SOILS S P I N INFORMATION O N T H E I N J E C T I O N P R O C E S S A N D T H E S O I L P E R M E A B I L I T Y I N J E C T I O N L O G S G I V E VERY ACCURATE W I T H T H E M I C R O - S P I N M A C H I N E I N J E C T I O N S IN SMALL SPACES A R E P O S S I B L E ( > 1 8 m - b g l )

DATE TO REMEMBER: November 29th Spin Injection Demo Day @ K o r t r i j k X p o, K o r t r i j k ( B e l g i u m ) A C H T E R S T R A AT 3 5 B - 8 7 9 0 WA R E G E M B E LG I U M e m a i l i n f o @ i n j e c t i s. c o m o r j e r o e n @ i n j e c t i s. c o m h t t p : / / w w w. i n j e c t i s. c o m T + 3 2 ( 0 ) 5 6 3 2 0 8 7 5 F + 3 2 ( 0 ) 5 6 9 0 3 4 1 1