3 rd MECHANICAL ASSIGNMENT FOR FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES SUBJECT CODE: 3331903 Unit 1. FLUID AND FLUID PROPERTIES. (1) What is fluid? State and explain types of fluid. (2) Define the following properties and give their units in SI system. a. (i) Specific gravity, (ii) Specific weight, (iii) Specific volume, b. (iv) Kinematic viscosity, (vi) Dynamic viscosity, (v) Mass density, c. (vii) Compressibility and (viii) Bulk modulus of elasticity. (3) State newton law of viscosity, Classify fluid and explain characteristics of each with the help of stress velocity gradient relationship. (4) Differentiate between. a. i) Solid and Fluid iii) Ideal Fluid and Real Fluid b. ii) Gas and Liquid iv) Cohesion and Adhesion (5) Define surface tension of fluid and derive its equation. (6) Give list of all equation which are used in fluid and fluid properties with suitable all unit (Like SI, MKS, CGS etc). (7) Calculate the Specific weight, density and specific gravity of one liter of a liquid this weighs 7N. (7000 N/m 2, 713.5 kg/m 3 & 0.7135) (8) Two horizontal plates are placed 1.25 cm apart, the space between them being filled with oil of viscosity 14 poises. Calculate the shear stress in oil if upper plate is moved with a velocity of 2.5 m/s. (280 N/m 2 )
3 rd MECHANICAL ASSIGNMENT FOR FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES SUBJECT CODE: 3331903 Unit 2. FLUID STATICS 1) Define Intensity of pressure and Pressure head. 2) Derive relation between Pressure and Pressure head in static fluid. 3) State and derive Pascal's law of pressure. 4) Define absolute pressure, gauge pressure and vacuum pressure. Also plot relation between them. 5) Classify pressure measuring devices. And explain all. 6) Give list of all the equation which are used in fluid statics with suitable all the units. 7) A hydraulic press has a ram of 30 cm diameter and a plunger of 4.5 cm diameter. Find the weight lifted by the hydraulic press when the force applied at the plunger is 500 N. (Ans: 22.22KN) 8) A hydraulic press has a ram of 20 cm diameter and a plunger of 3 cm diameter. It is used for lifting a weight of 30 kn. Find the force required at the plunger. (Ans: 675.2 N) 9) The right limb of a simple U-tube manometer containing mercury is open to the atmosphere while the left limb is connected to a pipe in which a fluid of sp.gr 0.9 is flowing. The center of the pipe is 12 cm below the level of mercury is the right limb. Find the pressure of fluid in the pipe if the difference of mercury level in the two limbs is 20 cm. (Ans: 25977 N/m 2 ) 10) A simple U-tube manometer containing mercury is connected to a pipe in which a fluid of sp.gr 0.8 and having vacuum pressure is flowing. The other end of the manometer is open to atmosphere. Find the vacuum pressure in pipe, if the difference of mercury level in the two limbs is 40 cm and the height of fluid in the left from the centre of pipe is 15 cm below. (Ans: -54543.6 N/m 2 )
ASSIGNMENT UNIT 3: FLUID KINEMATICS 1. Explain stream line & path line. 2. Differentiate between laminar flow & Turbulent flow. 3. State & derive continuity equation. 4. Enlist the types of flow & explain it in brief. 5. Define following terms: i) Reynolds s number ii) Streak line 6. The diameter of a pipe at section (1) and section (2) are 20 cm and 30 cm respectively. Find the discharge through the pipe if the velocity of water flowing through the pipe at section (1) is 6 m/s. Determine also the velocity at section (2).
UNIT 4: FLUID DYNAMICS & FLOW MEASUREMENT 1. Derive Bernoulli s equation from Euler s equation. State it s assumption & limitations. 2. State & Derive Bernoulli s equation from energy equation. 3. State application s of Bernoulli s equation. 4. Water is flowing through a pipe having diameters 600 mm and 400 mm at the bottom and upper end respectively. The intensity of pressure at the bottom end is 250kN/m 2 and the pressure at the upper end is 100kN/m 2. Determine the difference in datum head if the flow rate through the pipe is 50 liters/sec. 5. State & Derive equation for measuring the flow rate of fluid through Venturimeter. 6. Define & explain : i) Vena contracta ii) Co-efficient of contraction iii) Co-efficient of Velocity iv) Notches v) Weirs
7. What are the advantages of triangular notch over rectangular notch. 8. Short note on pitot tube. 9. A horizontal venturimeter is used for measuring discharge of water, whose inlet and throat diameters are 75 mm and 25 mm respectively. The reading of differential manometer connected between inlet and throat is 41.2 cm of mercury. If co-efficient of venturimeter is 0.97. Find the discharge.
ASSIGNMENT Unit 5. FLOW THROUGH PIPE 1) EXPLAIN REYNOLDS EXPERIMENT WITH NEAT SKETCH. 2) STATE AND DERIVE DARCY'S FORMULA FOR FINDING OUT DUE TO FRICTION IN FLOW THROUGH PIPE. 3) EXPLAIN THE TERMS: 4) MOODY'S CHART 5) WATER HAMMER 6) SURGE TANK 7) DEFINE: a) LAMINAR FLOW b) TURBULENT FLOW c) CRITICAL VELOCITY 8) FIND OUT HEAD LOSS DUE TO FRICTION USING DARCYS FORMULA FOR THE FOLLOWING DATA; a. DIAMETER OF PIPE= 1M b. LENGHT OF PIPE = 1.5KM c. VELOCITY PF WATER = 1M/S d. CO-EFFECIENT OF FRICTION=0.005 (ANS: 1.529M OF WATER)
ASSIGNMENT Unit 6. HYDRAULICS TURBINE & PUMPS (1) DRAW GENERAL LAYOUT OF HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT WITH NEAT SKETCH AND SHOW VARIOUS HEAD AND MAJOR COMPONENTS ON DIAGRAM. STATE EQUATION OF VARIOUS EFFECIENCY OF TURBINE. (2) EXPLAIN IMPORTANCE OF SPECIFIC SPEED IN SELECTION OF WATER TURBINE. (3) DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN IMPULSE WATER TURBINE AND REACTION WATER TURBINE. (4) EXPLAIN CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF PELTON WHEEL TURBINE WITH NEAT SKETCH. (5) COMPARE PELTON WHEEL TURBINE, FRANCIS WHEEL TURBINE, KAPLAN TURBINE. (6) A TURBINE PRODUCE 9 MW POWER AT 140 RPM UNDER 30 M HEAD. FIND SPECIFIC SPEED OF TURBINE AND SUGGEST THE TYPE OF TURBINE. (ANS: 189.1 AND FRANCIS TURBINE) (7) DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN RECIPROCATING PUMP AND CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. (8) DESCRIBE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP WITH NEAT SKETCH. (9) EXPLAIN SUBMERSIBLE PUMP WITH NEAT SKETCH. (10) DRAW NEAT SKETCH OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP AND LABEL ALL PARTS SHOWS DIFFERENT ON DIAGRAM. ALSO STATE FUNCTION IN SHORT OF FOLLOWING COMPONENTS. 1. IMPELLER 2. CASING 3. FOOT VALVE (11) DERIVE THE EQUATION FOR SPECIFIC SPEED OF PUMP. (12) A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP DELIEVERS 50 L/SEC WATER AT 25m HEIGHT. IF THE POWER REQUIRED TO DRIVE THE PUMP IS 22KW AND HEAD LOSS 14M. FIND THE EFFECIENCY OF THE PUMP.
UNIT 7: HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC DEVICES 1. List various types of hydraulic cylinders & explain any one. 2. Write short note on following: (1)Direction control valve (2)Pressure relief valve 3. Write short note on following: 1. Hydraulic lift 2. Hydraulic ram 3. Hydraulic press 4. Hydraulic intensifier 5. Hydraulic crane 6. Hydraulic accumulator