EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CONCRETE MADE WITH HYPO SLUDGE RITESH A. PATEL* PROF. M.A.JAMNU** *Final year M.E (C.S.A.D), Government Engineering College, Dahod, Gujarat, India **Assistant Professor, Dept. of Applied Mechanics, Government Engineering College, Dahod, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT With increased environmental awareness and its potential hazardous effects, utilization of industrial by products has become an attraction to disposal. Hypo sludge which is by product of the paper industry. It is the waste material from paper industry that has some chemical properties similar to that of cement. Hence it can be used as an economical building cementations material thus reducing the disposal and air pollution problems caused by the paper industry. During the present study, an attempt is made to study the various mechanical properties of concrete containing hypo sludge. Hypo sludge was used as a replacement to cement. Replacement percentages used during the present study were 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%. Compressive strength of cubes were found on 3days, 7days, and 28days. The 28 th day flexural strength and split tensile strength of the specimens was found on the respectively beams and cylinders. It is found that replacement of hypo sludge have beneficial effects on the mechanical properties of concrete. KEYWORDS: Hypo Sludge, Property Of Hypo Sludge, Sp.gr of Hypo Sludge, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Split Tensile Strength 1. INTRODUCTION In both developed and developing countries recent researchers aimed at the energy conservation in the cement and the concrete industry focused on the use of materials such as fly ash, slag, silica fume and natural pozzolanas.many researchers have made attempts to use the waste materials to reduced the disposal problems and to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Hypo sludge is a possible partial replacement of Portland cement. Hypo sludge is a major economic and environmental problem for the paper and board industry. The total quantity of hypo sludge produced in the world is many million tones.hypo sludge is consists of cellulose fibers, fillers such as calcium carbonate and china clay and residual chemicals bound up with water. When hypo sludge was first introduced in to the concrete industry it was merely used as a cheaper alternative to cement. But as research capabilities advanced and more information was being discovered about hypo sludge, then did researcher begin to realize its structural potential.it was then confirmed that hypo sludge 167
could improve the properties of concrete. During the present research, an attempt has been made to utilize the hypo sludge concrete. 2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK The experimental program involved casting and testing cubes (150mm x 150mm x 150mm), beams (700mm x 150mm x 150mm) and cylinders (150mm diameter x 300mm height). The different tests performed were:- (1) Compressive strength for 3, 7 and 28days. (2) Flexural strength for 3, 7 and 28 days. (3) Split tensile strength for 28 days Grade of concrete is M 30 with four different dosages of hypo sludge as an admixture to cement by 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% was used. Water/cement ratio, cement content sand, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate where kept constant. 3. DESIGN MIX MATERIALS A. Cement The most common cement used is an ordinary Portland cement. The ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade conforming to IS: 12269-1987 is be use. Many tests were conducted on cement.some of them are specific gravity, consistency tests, setting tests, etc TABLE - 1 PROPERTIES OF CEMENT SR. NO. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT RESULT REQUIREMENTS AS PAR IS: 12269-1987 1 Specific gravity 3.15 3.10-3.15 2 Standard Consistency (%) 34.1 30-35 3 Initial setting time (min) 49 30 minimum 4 Final setting time (min) 216 600 maximum B. Coarse Aggregate Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. They give body to the concrete, reduce shrinkage and effect economy. The aggregate occupy 70-80 percent of the volume of concrete. From the sieve analysis, it was found that the course aggregate was confirming to single sized aggregates of nominal size 20mm as per IS: 383-1970. Bulk density of the coarse aggregate was found to be 1590 kg/m 3. 168
C. Fine Aggregate Those fractions from 4.75mm to 150micron are termed as fine aggregate. The river sand and crushed sand is to be use in combination as fine aggregate conforming to the requirement of IS: 383-1970. The river sand is wash and screen to eliminate deleterious materials and over size particle. By conducting sieve analysis, it was found that sand confirms to grading zone- 11 as per IS: 383-1970. D. Hypo Sludge Hypo sludge is waste material from the paper industry. It behaves like cement because of silica, calcium, and magnesium properties. The hypo sludge can minimize the demand of cement and reduce the cost of construction. The chemical properties of hypo sludge are given in TABLE-2. TABLE-2 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HYPO SLUDGE SR CHARACTERISTIC RESULT NO. 1 SiO 2 62.60% 2 CaO 27.05% 3 MgO 00.20% 4 SO 3 00.34% 5 Al 2 O 3 Nil 6 Fe 2 O 3 Nil 7 Loss of Ignitions 08.61% 8 Insoluble Residuals 03.43% 4. DESIGN MIX METHODOLOGY A mix M30 grade was designed as per IS 1062:2009 method and the same was used to prepare the test samples. The design mix proportion is done in Table-3 and 4. BY WEIGHT, (KG) BY VOLUME, (M 3 ) WATER TABLE -3 MIX DESIGN PROPORTIONS FINE COARSE CEMENT AGGREGATE AGGREGATE 172 400 705 1237 0.43 1 1.76 3.09 TABLE -4 CONCRETE DESIGN MIX PROPORTIONS SR NO. CONCRETE DESIGN MIX PROPORTION FOR M30 GRADE W/C RATIO CEMENT HYPO SLUDGE FINE AGGREGATE COARSE AGGREGATE 1 0.43 1.00 0.00 1.76 3.09 2 0.43 0.90 0.10 1.76 3.09 3 0.43 0.85 0.15 1.76 3.09 4 0.43 0.80 0.20 1.76 3.09 5 0.43 0.75 0.25 1.76 3.09 169
5. RESULTS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST ON CUBES. PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF HYPO SLUDGE IN % TABLE - 5 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ON 3, 7, AND 28 DAYS AVERAGE ULTIMATE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (N/mm 2 ) 3 DAYS 7 DAYS 28 DAYS 0 31.48 44.30 55.47 10 29.86 39.24 53.29 15 28.78 38.35 49.67 20 21.12 28.86 39.77 25 20.68 26.63 36.56 6. RESULTS OF FLEXRUL STRENGTH AND SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TABLE - 6 FLEXURAL AND SPLIT TENSIL STRENGTH ON 28 DAYS. FLEXURAL STRENGTH 28DAYS (N/mm 2 ) PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF HYPO SLUDGE IN % SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH 28DAYS (N/mm 2 ) 0 7.29 4.25 10 5.83 3.71 15 4.87 3.04 20 5.83 3.38 25 5.05 2.92 7. CONCLUSION 1. It is observed that addition of Hypo Sludge affects the physical properties of the Concrete. 2. As the content of hypo Sludge increased in Concrete strength of concrete decreases litter but some part of cement is replaced by the Hypo sludge so the cost of concrete is decreased. 3. When 10%&15% hypo sludge replace by weight of cement than compressive strength achieve 96.07% and 89.54%. 4. When 20% hypo sludge replace by weight of cement than flexural and split tensile strength achieve 80%. 5. Production of Cement involves environmental issues that can be solved by replacing the cement by Hypo sludge. 170
REFERENCES 1. M.S.shetty, Concrete Technology Theory and Practice S.Chand& Company New Delhi.. 2. SP-23 Handbook on concrete mixes. 3. BIS 383-1970, Specification for Coarse aggregate and fine aggregate from Natural sources of concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Dehli. 4. BIS 456-2000, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 5. BIS 516-1959, Method of Tests for Strength of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. 6. BIS 5816-1999, splitting tensile strength of concrete - Method of test, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. 7. BIS 10262:2009 Code of concrete mix proportioning guidelines (first revision) 8. Prof.T.Shanmugapriya, et.al.(2013) Experimental Investigation on Silica Fume as partial Replacement of Cement in High Performance Concrete, The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES). 9. R. Srinivasan, et.al. Experimental Investigation In Developing Low Cost Concrete From Paper Industry Waste, Tamilnadu College of Engineering, Karumathan Patti, India. 10. Prof. J R Pitroda,et.al.(2012), Hypo Sludge Management: Opportunities For Developing Low Cost Concrete With Glass Fibres International Journal Global Research Analysis, GRA, Volume: 1, Issue: 7, Dec 2012 ISSN No 2277 8160,pp- 56-58 11. Prof Dharani.N, Experimental Investigation on Mechanical properties of recron 3s fiber reinforced hyposludge concrete, international journal of civil engineering and technology, vol.4, issue1, Jan- Feb(2013),page182-189. 171