Indicators to monitor energy efficiency progress: the IEA experience Roberta Quadrelli Head - Energy Balances, Prices, Emissions, Efficiency IEA Energy Data Centre Capacity Development for Mainstreaming Energy Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Targets and Indicators into Statistical Programmes in Selected Asian Countries Incheon, November 2015
A large number of energy efficiency policies and measures in place across sectors To track progress: each individual policy requires a monitoring framework
How to understand impacts of portfolio of measures on economy-wide trends? Economy-wide target: decrease of energy intensity Sectoral and end-use level energy efficiency indicators Policy X Policy Y Policy Z A variety of individual measures The key role of indicators to complement policy monitoring
Defining energy efficiency indicators
What is an energy efficiency indicator? generic energy efficiency indicator energy consumption activity $ 3 2 3 0 5 3 0 7 0 Why do we relate energy consumption to activity?
.The meaning of energy efficiency Are these energy efficiency improvements? (Yes / No / Maybe) Consume LESS energy to provide SAME service E.g. substitute Incandescent bulbs with LED Consume SAME energy to provide MORE service E.g. increased industrial production with the same energy
Are these energy efficiency improvements? (Yes / No / Maybe) Consume LESS energy and provide LESS service E.g. walk instead of drive Consume LESS energy because of CHANGE in service E.g. economic restructuring Link Key: the relation between energy and service provided (activity)
Energy intensity: is it enough to monitor efficiency? GDP Gross Domestic Product TPES /GDP PPP energy Intensity of the economy TPES Total primary energy supply 1995=1 energy Intensity : energy (TPES) per unit activity (GDP). may vary for a number of different reasons (e.g. changes in economic structure, climate, )
From economy-wide to sectoral-level and end-use level indicators Economy Total energy supply / population / GDP Sector End use Residential energy consumption / population / floor area / dwelling Cooking energy consumption / population / dwelling.. Coupling sectoral/end-use energy data with relevant activity data
Why sectoral indicators? Total final consumption by sector (2013) Source: IEA, World Energy Balances, 2015 To assess patterns of energy demand and to monitor in depth the largest consuming sectors..
Toe/capita Sectoral-level indicators are generally feasible Residential energy use/capita 2000 and 2013 Source: IEA, World Energy Balances, 2015 Only require limited additional activity data compared to energy balances
Activities vary across sectors Sector Activity evel of detail could be very high need to consider what data are available Overall Residential Services (ideally by category) Transport Industry GDP Population Population Number of dwellings Floor area Number of appliances Value added Number of employees Floor area Passenger-kilometer Tonne-kilometer Value added Physical production process-level production $ 3 2 3 0 5 3 0 7 0
Are sectoral indicators enough for energy efficiency? + 15% - 35% Index: 1990=1. Data for IEA18 (Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA). Source: IEA energy efficiency indicators database. TC: Temperature Corrected. More focused indicators for specific energy efficiency progress
End-use level indicators needed to monitor efficiency Economy Total energy supply / population / GDP Sector End use Residential energy consumption / population / floor area / dwelling Cooking energy consumption / population / dwelling.. Energy data more disaggregated than in energy balance
What are the most important end-uses in your country? IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators: Fundamentals on Statistics, 2014 Prioritise end-uses as data requirements increase!
What indicators to develop across sectors?
Selected * indicators for the residential sector For each end-use: Space heating* Space cooling* energy efficiency indicator energy activity Water heating Cooking Lighting Appliances (energy use, stock, diffusion) Refrigerator Freezer # of dwellings floor area (m²) Dishwasher Clothes washer Clothes dryer TV Computers * Temperature corrected, using HDD * Selection based on IEA template data collection
Residential indicators example: appliances IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators: Essentials for Policy Makers, 2014
Selected * indicators for the industry sector For 19 major ISIC sub-sectors (by fuel type) energy efficiency indicator energy activity Value added ($) Physical production (t) Paper Chemicals Cement Iron/steel Aluminum * Selection based on IEA template data collection..
Industry sub-sectoral indicators examples: aluminum
Selected * indicators for the transport sector By transport segment passenger / freight By Transport modes road, rail, air, water, etc. energy energy efficiency indicator activity Passenger-km or tonne-km Occupancy Vehicle stock Distance travelled Load factor * Selection based on IEA template data collection
The example of transport Energy efficiency in transport: Transport MORE and FURTHER with LESS fuel consumption Is it more energy efficient to use public transport instead of personal cars? (Yes/No/Maybe)
Transport indicators example: passenger
A few words on data for efficiency indicators
For priority end uses, various indicators are possible, depending on data availability IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators: Fundamentals on Statistics, 2014
What data are available in your country?... Industry Energy use + physical production by sub-sector (iron/steel, paper, etc) Residential Energy by end-use (space heating, appliance, etc) Households, dwellings, floor area, degree-days, appliance stocks Services Energy by end-use Floor area, # of employees, value added Transport Energy use and activity data (pkm/tkm) by segment (passenger/freight) and mode (road, air, )
Methodologies to collect data Administrative sources Surveys Metering and measuring Modelling
Optimising use of Administrative sources IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators: Fundamentals on Statistics, 2014 Key activity data to couple with energy data may be easily available at national level
Sharing the IEA tools on energy efficiency indicators data
Sharing tools for countries to develop technical capacity Data collection: excel template http://www.iea.org/statistics/topics/energyefficiency/ http://bit.ly/eei-statistics Indicators manuals: available online (English, Russian, Chinese, Spanish) http://bit.ly/eei-policy A template approved by IEA Ministers to collect data Two manuals on indicators: statistics and policy for a harmonized approach to set targets and monitor progress
A database of country methods to collect energy data http://www.iea.org/eeindicatorsmanual/
..so: how to monitor energy efficiency across sectors? Understand key national policy priorities/targets.. Strengthen the national energy balances to develop sectoral-level indicators Understand what priority sectors / end uses drive sectoral consumption Map existing activity data sources and plan data collection in priority areas to develop end-use indicators Huge benefits coming from enhancing cooperation on data across national institutions
Thank you Energyindicators@iea.org