ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS OF WATER PROTECTION SYSTEMS

ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS OF WATER PROTECTION SYSTEMS an AIA Continuing Education Program credit: 1 AIA HSW CE Hour course: svt08b Savannah Trims, Inc. 3567 91st St. Ste. 4 Lake Park, FL sales@savannahtrims.com 2016 Ron Blank & Associates, Inc

AN AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS (AIA) CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. is a registered provider with the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion are available for all course participants upon comopletion of the course conclusion quiz with +80% Please view the following slide for more information on Certificates of Completion through RBA This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. 2

AN AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS (AIA) CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM COURSE FORMAT this is a structured, web based, self study course with a final exam COURSE CREDIT 1 AIA health safety & welfare (HSW) CE Hour COMPLETION CERTIFICATE a confirmation is sent to you by email and you can print one upon successful completion of a carouse or from your RonBlank.com transcript. If you have any difficulties printing or receiving your Certificate please send requests to certificate@ronblank.com design professionals, please remember to print or save your certificate of completion after successfully completing a course conclusion quiz. Email confirmations will be sent to the email address you have provided in your RonBlank.com account 3

COURSE DESCRIPTION this course expresses the reasons for concern regarding the environmental hazards that come with flooding and describes who is responsible when natural hazards and flooding occur learn what a Base Flood Elevation (BFE) is, as well as objectives of protection in order to employ this type of system 4

COURSE OBJECTIVES by completing this course the designer will be able to: express the reasons for concern regarding the environmental hazards that come with flooding describe with whom the responsibilities lie in regards to natural hazards and flooding conditions explain what a BFE (Base Flood Elevation) is and how this can affect a structure s insurance rating illustrate and calculate the minimum engineering considerations according to the NFIP and FEMA and define hydrostatric flood force, buoyancy, and hydro-dynamic force list the objectives of protection in order to employ flood barrier systems and compare and contrast different flood barrier and opening protection systems 5

INTRODUCTION 6

INTRODUCTION significant causes of flooding 1. climactic events (rainstorms, melting snow, and tidal movements) 2. human alteration to land and mass 7

INTRODUCTION flood zoning can significantly differ where you practice being educated on flood control solutions is essential 8

FORCES OF CHANGE alterations to the site may impact flooding potential impacts of built environment on the natural landscape must always be considered 9

FORCES OF CHANGE US Army Corps of Engineers regulates and provides floodplain guidelines vist: www.usace.army additional guidelines: Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) which falls under FEMA 10

INSURANCE DRIVERS consider flood insurance if structure is located in a identified flood plain FEMA offers design and construction guidelines to minimize potential financial loss associated with flooding and influenced by the NFIP, which underwrites flood insurance policies 11

FEMA GUIDANCE FEMA provides guidance in accordance with the NFIP on NFIP regulations concerning watertight construction and the required certification for flood proofed non-residential buildings see FEMA technical bulletin TB-393 12

AVOIDING LOSSES intelligent structural design with functionality + aesthetics possessing a knowledge of building with consideration to potential for flooding and compliance with NFIP + TB3-93, will ensure project success detail documentation also key in avoiding any liability 13

MUNICIPALITY RESPONSIBILITIES local + state codes must also be considered building officials verify the following for Certificate of Occupancy(CO) structural flood resistance specified flood-proofing products engineering requirements 14

RESPONSIBILITIES OF OWNERS ownership of a building in a floodplain forces the owner to be aware of associated liabilities and responsibilities in regard to potential costs, mitigation, and insurance against loss whatever can go wrong, will 15

RESPONSIBILITIES OF OWNERS OWNER S CONTINGENCY PLAN requires owners to install their protective closure devices at any time in the season of high flood danger, especially when the space will be unoccupied and unattended for periods longer than eight hours Type 2 Closures 16

RESPONSIBILITIES OF OWNERS as long as prescribed flood protection devices are in place prior to the flood, there should be little problem processing qualified insurance claims and qualified losses reducing deployment time is essential by using as many passive devices as practical glass flood protection devices 17

A / E RESPONSIBILITIES quality of flood protection begins with the architect and engineer create ease of storage and deployment: a key to owner s successful protection issue drawings of locations and clear installation instructions mandate annual inspections of all flood products 18

A / E RESPONSIBILITIES flood proofing planning considerations to ensure viability of dry flood proofing - flood warning time - uses of the building - mode of entry to and from the building - the site in general (flood water velocities, depths, debris impact potential and flood frequency) 19

WHAT IS THE EXPECTED FLOOD WATER DEPTH? building must be watertight to the flood proof design elevation = BFE (Base Flood Elevation) designated by the project civil engineer plus 1 ft. generally a minimum 1-2 ft. of freeboard is required there could be many feet added to the BFE per the local building official A/E must be attentive to this requirement 20

ALUMINUM + GLASS DOORS offer utility and great aesthetics flood doors are frequently used when practical hybrid laminated technology offers substantial protection - extra heavy - stronger than ordinary doors - larger + thicker extrusions 21

MINIMUM ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS what are the minimum engineering considerations as stated in the NFIP technical bulletin TB 3-93? 1. the building must be watertight (floodwaters must not enter the building envelope) a) building must be watertight to at least the BFE b) building walls must be impermeable to passage of water 22

MINIMUM ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS 2. utilities and sanitary facilities must be located above the BFE, completely enclosed within the building s watertight walls 3. all of the building s structural components must be capable of resisting specific flood related forces - hydrostratic flood force - buoyancy force - hydrodynamic force - debris impact force 23

EXCERPT FROM TB3-93 24

HYDROSTATIC FLOOD FORCE the force that water at rest exerts on any submerged object calculations must include saturated soil pressure on any portion of the building that is below grade 25

HYDROSTATIC FLOOD FORCE the formula 26

BUOYANCY FORCE the vertical force associated with the building s tendency to float when inundated or surrounded by floodwaters acts on floor slabs, exterior sidewalks and walkways 27

HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE the force exerted on vertical surfaces exposed to moving floodwaters based on the expected velocity of the floodwaters with depths to the flood proofing design level (BFE or higher) the projected average flood velocity within the floodway may be obtained using FEMA Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) where a floodway has been identified 28

DEBRIS IMPACT FORCE the force associated with flood-borne debris striking the side of a building the greatest unknown to the designer, but a value must be estimated to develop an effective flood proofing design armoring often results in designs that are not cost-effective usually 1000 lbs or can be reduced to 500 lbs 29

NFIP REGULATIONS the building must meet the requirements of all applicable portions of local and state building codes including - ADA requirements - life safety codes for ingress, egress, and clearing - venting and combustion air requirements 30

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS - warning time - minimize deployment time - safety and access - flood frequency - flood-water velocities, depths and debris - flood emergency operation plan - inspection and maintenance plan 31

CALCULATING PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS resources for estimating values of concrete and steel reinforcing of the superstructure to withstand the calculated loads are readily available however, not for mechanical flood solutions such as glass and aluminum flood barriers flood gates flood passage doors automatic flood barriers a library manufacturing contact can be the best resource 32

OBJECTIVES FOR PROTECTION 1. protect the building and its contents from damage caused by flood water intrusion, at the same time protecting the owner s interests 2. meet the requirements of FEMA, NFIP, and the US Army Corps of Engineers for proper compliance 3. satisfy the local building officials concerns that the products used are properly engineered for the specific application 4. provide the owner with proper Flood Proofing Certificate, and related information, signed by the architect and/or engineer of record 33

STRUCTURAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS Need for flood protection up to the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) applies to - the perimeter of the building shell - walls must be capable of resisting anticipated flood loads (built like a vault) the GC and owner will want to be sure to factor this into the budget 34

OPENING PROTECTION SOLUTIONS variety of solutions available typical flood barrier wall system remember, minimizing deployment time is essential doors with hollow metal & glass aluminum watertight, floodproof entrance protection up to 6 removable flood panels 35

REMOVABLE, LIGHTWEIGHT ALUMINUM FLOOD PANELS frequently used for medium and high-water window and door opening protection stored nearby, usually within the building, and deployed by the building s personnel in time for flood protection ADVANTAGES - lightweight - small tools for installation - kickers strengthen water resistance - lowest pricing DISADVANTAGES - takes time to deploy + install - storage space needed - inspection + maintenance - cannot be set on pavers - needs paper smooth surfaces for installation - over time, parts can be lost 36

IN PLACE GLASS STOREFRONT FLOOD PROTECTION a passive solution hybrid laminated glass product using sitespecific engineering to confirm compliance door openings may still use the removable aluminum panels 37

IN PLACE GLASS STOREFRONT FLOOD PROTECTION permanent closures preferable for existing buildings consult the manufacturer to be sure opening sizes and BFE requirements do not exceed this product s application capability installation of flood-rated glass / this glass meets BFE of 60 inches 38

ALUMINUM & GLASS DOORS OFFER UTILITY + AESTHETICS Instead of taking up time to install flood barriers, flood doors are used when practical glass flood doors are a hybrid laminated product framing and door construction is extra heavy, making it much stronger than ordinary doors review the manufacturer s specification 39

PERMANENT IN-PLACE PANELS + GATES always ready to protect well suited for high-water protection needs ADVANTAGES - meets specific needs - engineered construction - aluminum for lighter weight DISADVANTAGES - appearance sliding vault style door 40

AUTOMATIC IN-GROUND FLOOD BARRIERS excellent for large openings; unique deployment technique - driveways - parking deck openings - roadways (installed alongside berms or wall openings) DISADVANTAGES - poor operation in icy conditions - high initial expense ADVANTAGES - easily solves obvious problems - no electrical requirements - self-operated 41

EVALUATING PRACTICALITY glass storefront flood barriers cost the same as removable aluminum and have a dual purpose - may also serve as a hurricane and storm resistance barrier IN PLACE BARRIERS - hung from the buildings - more expensive - always in position to close - eliminates costly installation labor AUTOMATIC IN- GROUND BARRIERS - excellent solution to driveways - very popular because valuable manpower may be used elsewhere during emergencies 42

GLASS STOREFRONT FLOOD BARRIER CONSIDERATIONS PASSIVE GLASS BARRIERS uses a unique, waterproof glass retaining method and sealant retainer the higher the water level that needs to be held = the closer together the mullions consult with product manufacturer for specifics 43

GLASS STOREFRONT FLOOD BARRIER CONSIDERATIONS 2 floodwater protection test tank with 66 of water 44

GLASS DESIGN + COMPOSITION glazing options are limited due to the function - offers visual clarity - ability to laminate several plates - self-cleaning properties - stability over temperature extremes - add LowE films to enhance performance 45

WINDOW DESIGN + MULLION SPACING Increased water pressure = increased glass capacity for support steel tube reinforcement decrease mullion spacing and glass sizes consult the flood glazing manufacturer early in the design process Documentation - Elevation Certificate - preliminary elevations and floor plans 46

ENGINEERED GLASS RAILINGS FOR FLOOD PROTECTION the strong properties of laminated glass allow it to be adapted to many applications railing immediately after installation when the posts set in concrete are curing urban application protecting a building and windows 47

ENGINEERING + TESTING ASSURE PERFORMANCE specify flood-glass systems tested to FEMA specifications - water penetration is minimized using heavy laminated glass - impact testing uses a pointed log, weighing 90 lbs impacting a test unit at over 500 ft/lbs - refilling test tank to 58 inches with NO leakage - site-specific engineering is essential 48

TESTING OF DOORS COMPLIMENTS FLOODWALL SYSTEMS specify tested customized aluminum doors doors are waterproofed to 60 in water depth NOTE glass flood barriers may offer a unique and desirable solution to many applications. However, they cannot absorb Wave Action Pressures that are required in the VE Zone and Coastal AE Zone and for exceptional deep water in Zone AE, and perhaps Zone X check with your supplier to see if their system qualifies 49

GLASS STOREFRONT FLOOD BARRIERS CONSIDERATIONS typical single glazed aluminum flood protection wall site-specific engineering 50

GLASS STOREFRONT FLOOD BARRIERS CONSIDERATIONS glass flood barrier and window structure typical vertical section most protection should be focused on the perimeter of the glazing (sealant, caulking, etc) 51

REMOVABLE PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS REMOVABLE FLOOD BARRIERS aluminum flood panels rubber gaskets affect the seal at the opening success = flat, paper smooth building surface + building contractor vigilance brick pavers aluminum plate that can be installed over brick at the panel jams perimeter fasteners must go through the brick veneer and into the concrete wall structure so it won t crack or break the bricks themselves 52

GLASS STOREFRONT FLOOD BARRIERS CONSIDERATIONS typical removable flood barrier details 53

GLASS STOREFRONT FLOOD BARRIERS CONSIDERATIONS typical removable flood barrier details 54

COST FACTORS BASIC COST GUIDELINES most expensive - in ground automatic barriers - in-place barriers least expensive - removable flood barriers - glass store front barriers (passive) 55

SUMMATION this presentation has provided a basic introduction into the area of flood proofing of a non-residential structure as guided by FEMA technical bulletin TB 3-93 remember to consult the necessary resources as required for compliance with codes and regulations manufacturer s technical sales and engineering staff can also offer excellent advice and have the benefit of deep practical experience utilize their knowledge! 56

COURSE SUMMARY by now you should be able to express the reasons for concern regarding the environmental hazards that come with flooding describe with whom the responsibilities lie in regards to natural hazards, flooding conditions, and liability explain what a BFE (Base Flood Elevation) is and how this can affect a structure s insurance rating illustrate and calculate the minimum engineering considerations according to the NFIP and FEMA and define hydrostatic flood force, buoyancy, and hydro-dynamic force list the objectives of protection in order to employ flood barrier systems compare and contrast different flood barrier and opening protection systems 57