COMBITECH Bacteriological reduction of faecal contaminated lake water by a combination of electrochemical and filtering technology for emergency treatment of flooding water A. Forslund (anf@sund.ku.dk), P. Fogh, E.J. Jurgensen, A. Dalsgaard, H.C. Bruun Hansen MUPD funded project Partners Adept Water Technologies A/S BIO-AQUA A/S University of Copenhagen (IVS, KU-SUND and IPEN, KU-SCIENCE Slide 1
Background Limitations in access to clean drinking water can be due to Reduced precipitation Increased precipitation resulting in flooding Lack of wastewater treatment Poor sanitary installations Diffuse or point pollutions Leakage of drinking water pipes Unknown source of contamination Requirements to water treatment equipment in flooding situations Inexpensive Mobile Without chemicals Produce enough water Simple to operate Slide 2
Aim of study To develop and test a water treatment unit able to produce drinking water from surface water in flooding situations and other climate related causes when usual drinking water supply is not in function. The water treatment unit should remove microbiological and chemical pollution The treatment unit include A grid filter (particles > 2 mm) Flocculation unit (nutrients, metal ions, dissolved organic matter) Polymer filter (particles 1 µm 2 mm) Advanced oxidation process (microorganisms, pesticides, antibiotic, hormones) Slide 3
Adept Water Technologies Manufacturer of high-end equipment for infection control by electrolysis technology Market Health Care Dental sector Hot water systems Drinking water Food industry Cooling towers Slide 4
Advanced oxidation processes Anode (+) oxidering Chloride is oxidized to 2 H 2 O 1/2 O 2 + 2e - + 2H + 2 Cl - Cl 2 + 2e - Chlorine gas will react to hypochlorous acid Cl 2 + H 2 O HClO + Cl - + H + Hypochlorous acid is in equilibrium with hypochloride (ph depended) HClO OCl - + H + Formation of ozone and hydrogen peroxide 3 O 2 2 O 3 2 H 2 O + O 2 2 H 2 O 2 Catode (-) reduction 2H 2 O + 2e - 2OH - + H 2 Efficiency of active chlorine formation and disinfection process are affected by ph, initial chloride concentration, hardness, current density, temperature, flow rate, electrode materials Slide 5
BIO-AQUA Manufacturer of water treatment solutions for the industry Special focus on reuse of resources in wastewater and reuse of water Market Car wash industry Biogas plant industry Food processing industry (diary, fish, meat) Wastewater treatment Products Flotation units Trickling biofilter Polymer preparation Aerators Ozonation tanks Slide 6
Field test of prototype unit Version no 1 Version no 2 Version no 3 Slide 7
Version no 4 8
Danish microbiological quality requirement for drinking water Parameters Unit Water quality requirements Values at waterwork Values at consumer Coliform bacteria Per 100 ml Not detectable Not detactable E. coli Per 100 ml Not detectable Not detectable Enterococcus spp. Per 100 ml Not detectable Not detectable Total bacteria at 22 C Per ml 50 200 Total bacteria at 37 C Per ml 5 20 Cl. perfringens, incl. spores (surface water) Per 50 ml Not detectable Not detectable Slide 9
Test of Prototype unit version 4 10
Conclusion Test with newest prototype (version 4) of Combitechunit 1) BacTerminator and filters very effective in reducing tested microorganisms 2) Challenge with removing particles and smell/taste Cloudy appearance Slightly yellowish ferrous color 3) Esthetical improvement Increased particle removal Flocculation adjustment Slide 11
Slide 12 Institute of Veterinary Disease Biology