Presentations from ISO technical committees covering biotechnology-related issues TC 61 Plastics Dr. Francesco Degli Innocenti, Convenor CEN/TC 249 WG9, liaison 1
Biotechnology Plastics 2
Biotechnology makes Plastics Polyhydroxyalkanoates 3
Biotechnology makes Plastics Bio-blocks through fermentation Starch Sugar Bio-based monomer (lactic acid) by fermentation polymerisation Polylactic acid (PLA) 4
Biotechnology gets rid of Plastics Composting (aerobic biodegradation) 5
Biotechnology gets rid of Plastics Anaerobic digestion 6
Biotechnology Plastics Standardisation 7
ISO TC61 SC5 WG22 ISO TC 61 Plastics SC5 Physical-chemical properties WG22 Biodegradability Convenor Dr. Hideo Sawada 8
ISO TC61 SC5 WG22 The interest is on the end-of-life of biodegradable plastics. How to measure biodegradability How to assess safe biodegradation in a given Environment When a plastic can be called compostable i.e. suitable for organic recycling 9
Working group 22 Biodegradation is multidisciplinary by nature. Chemistry, physics, biochemistry, agriculture, microbiology, ecology are all key elements in biodegradation. The development of biodegradation standards thus requires close teamwork among people in various fields 10
The Venue for the Meeting 41st 1992 Beijing 42 nd 1993 Stresa 43 rd 1994 Tokyo 44 th 1995 London 45 th 1996 Montreal 46 th 1997 Davos 47 th 1998 Whistler 48 th 1999 Williamsburg 49 th 2000 Poitiers 50 th 2001 Berlin 51 st 2002 Quebec 52 nd 2003 Maastricht 53 rd 2004 Chengdu (China) 54 th 2005 Jeju (Korea) 55 th 2006 Yokohama (Japan) 56 th 2007 Goa (India) 57 th 2008 Orlando (USA) 58 th 2009 Rome (Italy) 59 th 2010 Bangkok (Thailand) 60 th Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) 11
Liaisons ISO TC 61 SC5 WG22 CEN TC249 WG9 ASTM D 20.96 12
No. ISO Environment Title 1 14851 Aerobic Aqueous Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer 2 14852 Aerobic Aqueous Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide 3 14855-1 Aerobic Compost Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 1: General method 4 14855-2 Aerobic Compost Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test 5 17088 Aerobic Compost Specificaton for compostable plastics 6 17556 Aerobic Soil Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved 7 14853 Anaerobic Aqueous Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in an aqueous system - Method by measurement of biogas production 13
No. ISO Environment Title 8 15985 Anaerobic High solids Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation and disintegration under high-solids anaerobic-digestion conditions - Method by analysis of released biogas 9 DIS 13975 10 FDIS 10210 Anaerobic Aerobic Anaerobic Slurry phase (Biorecycling) Aqueous Terrestrial 11 20200 Aerobic Compost (Disintegration) 12 16929 Aerobic Compost (Disintegration) Determination of the ultimate anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials under controlled slurry phase systems Method by measurement of biogas production Guidelines for the preparation of samples for biodegradation test of plastic materials Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory-scale test. Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under defined composing conditions in a pilot-scale test 14
Assessment of biodegradability Based on determination of respiration (oxygen consumption or corban dioxide evolution) under aerobic conditions Based on the determination of biogas formation (methane + CO2) under anaerobic conditions 15
exoenzyme polymer CO 2 oligomers monomers biomass cell 16
Some examples: 17
ISO 14855-1:2005 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions -- Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide -- Part 1: General method 18
ISO14855-2: 2007 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions -- Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide -- Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory-scale test 19
Respirometry 20
phytoxicity 21
disintegration 22
ISO 20200:2004 Plastics -- Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory-scale test 23
ISO 17088:2008 Specifications for compostable plastics 24
Soil biodegradation 25
ISO 17556:2003 Plastics -- Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved 26
ISO 14851 ISO 14852 Anaerobic biodegradation Aerobic biodegradation (Aqueous) Sample preparation (FDIS 10210) Aerobic biodegradation (Terrestrial) Composting ISO 14855-1 ISO 14855-2 Disintegration ISO 16929 ISO 20200 Specification ISO 17088 Soil burial DIS 17556 ISO 14853 ISO 1598 DIS 13975 27
Published ISO standards and future projects Biodegradation Types Test methods Specifications Guidelines Aerobic Aquatic ISO 14851 Aerobic Aquatic ISO 14852 Aerobic Composting ISO 14855-1 DIS 17088 Aerobic Composting DIS 14855-2 Preparation of Samples DIS 10210 Aerobic Disintegration ISO 16929 Aerobic Disintegration ISO 20200 Aerobic Aerobic Soil Marine ISO 17556 ASTM D6601 Anaerobic Aquatic ISO 14853 Anaerobic High solid ISO 15985 Anaerobic Anaerobic Slurry landfill DIS 13975 ASTM D5526 28
Many thanks for your attention 29