Wind-based Combined Electricity and Clean Water Production for Remote Islands Emilia Kondili, Dim. Tiligadas and John K. Kaldellis SOFT ENERGY APPLICATIONS & Environmental Protection LAB, Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus
Contents of the Presentation Scope and objectives of the work Problem context and background Description of the Proposed Solution Proposed Solution Cost Estimation Results Future Prospects of the Work Conclusions
Scope and Objectives of the Work To investigate the opportunities for integrated electricity and clean water production on the basis of the wind potential of the Greek islands that face serious water and electricity shortages. Rationale and Background of the problem The European area most affected by water shortage seems to be the Mediterranean region. Electrical Energy and clean water shortage are two of the Electrical Energy and clean water shortage are two of the most severe problems on non-interconnected islands of the Mediterranean sea (e.g. Aegean islands)
A Map of the Aegean islands
Problem characteristics In many islands water is 700000 transported at very high cost (reaching 10 /m 3 ). 600000 500000 The Aegean il islands have excellent wind potential. 400000 300000 Therefore, the possibility to develop a combined wind 200000 based electrical power 100000 station in collaboration with an appropriate energy 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 storage installation and a desalination plant is investigated.
Proposed Wind Based Solution The most suitable configuration for covering both electrical The most suitable configuration for covering both electrical energy and clean water demand
Configuration of the proposed solution One or more wind parks An appropriate energy storage installation (characterised by the days of energy autonomy) An electricity absorption system An electricity generation device A properly sized desalination plant A fresh water storage reservoir The existing APS
Alternative system status: The wind park supplies the local network and the desalination plant. Any surplus is directed to the desalination plant or water pumping system The wind energy production is lower thatn the demand. Energy and water stored quantities are exploited Water reserves are very low. Part of the wind energy is directed towards the desalination plant. The existing APS may be used....(other possible combinations.)
A challenging optimisation/planning problem In order to optimise i the overall operation of the integrated system, a tool for its planning is required. This planning tool will indicate the time periods that the system will produce and store power, will produce and store water or both. The planning criteria in a real system will change continuously depending on the priorities being set. Therefore, there is a wide scope for optimisation.
Case study The developed methodology has been applied to a representative medium-small scale Aegean island of 1000 inhabitants. Annual electricity generation: 6GWh e Peak load demand: 4.5MW e RatedR t dpower of the localaps : 5MW e. Annual water consumption 80,000m 3. The proposed algorithm is configured such as: full coverage of potable water needs is achieved in combination with the minimization of fuel imports
Profile of power and water demand (kw) Peak Load ( 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 Paros Island Mikonos Island Karpathos Island eration zed Values) Electricity Gen (Non-Dimensionaliz 2.5 2.0 15 1.5 1.0 0.5 Agios Efstratios Megisti Antikithira Othoni Kithnos Astipalea Anafi Agathonissi Erikoussa Donoussa Amorgos Serifos a 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month b 0.0 January February March April May June July Month August Septemberer October Novemberer Decemberer c Non-Dime ensionalized Load Dema and 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Agios Efstratios Megisti Antikithira Othoni Kithnos Astipalea Anafi Agathonissi Erikoussa Donoussa Amorgos Serifos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hour d Non Dimensionalized Wate er Demand 3 2 1 0 Summer Spring and Autumn Winter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hour
Results According to the results obtained, complete satisfaction of the island electricity needs may be undertaken by the operation of a N * w=4mw wind park, which by exploiting the local wind energy potential (CF=25.2%) may deliver to the local consumption annual energy yield of 8.6GWh e, distributed on the basis of results presented in the following Figure.
Results Actually, operation of the wind park implies 40% direct coverage of the island s energy needs, While 0.7GWh e are directly absorbed by the desalination unit. Furthermore, 2.6GWh e reach consumption through the energy storage system which also induces round trip energy losses of 1.4GWh e. Load demand: 40% is directly covered by the operation of the wind park, while for the rest 60% contribution of the wind hydro station is responsible for 44% leaving only 16% to the local APS.
Resulting electricity production cost
Clean water production cost
Unit s cost in numbers Electricity production cost: 0,11 /Kwh (65% initial investment cost, 25% M&O cost, 10% local APS) Clean water production cost 1,7 /m3 (0,56 initial investment cost, 0,54 M&O cost, 0,6 electrical energy cost)
Conclusions The work investigates the combined electricity and clean water production opportunities on the basis of the available wind potential. Maximisation of a properly defined value is attempted. The wind energy is directed to the electrical network and/or a desalination plant for fresh water production. Resulting costs are very favourably compared to other solutions. The work is ongoing attempting to develop the proper generic mathematical model and solve for various case studies.