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Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg Hamburg University of Applied Sciences Fuel Cell Laboratory Wolfgang Winkler International Programs Europe 6th International Colloquium on Environmentally Preferred Advanced Power Generation (ICEPAG) HYBRID FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES September 7-8, 2005 Hyatt Regency Irvine

Policy of European Commission Technical Possibilities and Boundaries Overview of Activities in Europe Future Developments

EU Policy Context Security of EU energy supply Reduction of EU greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions (Kyoto and beyond) Improve energy efficiency, reduce energy intensity Increase share of renewable energy Improve EU industrial competitiveness source: Angel PEREZ SAINZ

EC Instrument Framework Programme FP FP 5 (1999-2002): still running projects FP FP 6 (2003-2006): running/starting projects FP FP 7 (2006-2013): under consideration

EC Support to Fuel Cell and Hydrogen R&D in Framework Programmes 250 EC funding (M ) 200 150 100 50 0 145 145 58 105 32 8 FP2 FP3 FP4 FP5 FP6 2003 2005 source: Angel PEREZ SAINZ

Research on hydrogen and fuel cells is implemented in Thematic Priority 6, in particular under: Sustainable Energy Systems FP6 - Research on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Energy savings and energy efficiency (S-M Term) Alternative motor fuels (S-M term) Fuel cells, including their applications (M-L Term) New technologies for energy carriers/transport and storage (M-L Term) New and advanced concepts in renewable energy technologies (M-L Term) Sustainable surface transport New technologies and concepts for all surface transport modes (M-L Term) source: Nico van der Kleij

Energy Context in FP7 KEY CHALLENGES Global energy demand predicted to to increase by by 60% over the next 30 30 years EU energy dependency could rise from 50%to 70% by by 2030; damaging volatility of of oil oil prices and geopolitical instability Over 90% of of EU CO2 emissions, causing climate change, are attributable to to energy Global energy investments of of 12 trillion required up up to to 2030 huge opportunity for EU industry source: Angel PEREZ SAINZ

European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform (HFP) source: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/h2fuell_cell_en.pdf

FP7 Proposed Priority Topics in Energy Hydrogen and and fuel fuel cells cells Energy savings and and energy energy efficiency Renewable electricity generation CO2 CO2 capture and and storage technologies for for zero zero emission power power generation Renewable fuel fuel production Clean Clean coal coal technologies Renewables for for heating and and cooling Smart Smart energy energy networks source: Angel PEREZ SAINZ Knowledge for for energy energy policy policy making making

JTI concept and values Implements in an effective and efficient manner the Integrated Strategy for research and deployment developed in the Technology Platforms It is a Public-Private-Partnership with an appropriate governance and management structure (avoiding conflicts of interest) Envisages strong industrial participation Supporting an European Research Area (ERA) Developing outreach at international level Capitalising on FP5 and FP6 source: Angel PEREZ SAINZ

Policy of European Commission Technical Possibilities and Boundaries Overview of Activities in Europe Future Developments

EU Policy Objectives Sustainability need Reversible process technical approach Hybrid system

Reversible structure and hybridisation Irreversible components Entropy Energy Reversible structure FC hybrid CHP system

Reversible structure and hybridisation batteries heat pump power electronic electric equipment heat exchangers insulation

Demand on RTD on FC hybrids System development Hybrid system Sustainable fuel supply and use / clean coal Transportation

Policy of European Commission Technical Possibilities and Boundaries Overview of Activities in Europe Future Developments

System development FP5: Pressurized IP-SOFC: a path to successful SOFC/Hybrids (PIP-SOFC) Duration: 36 months The project s main aims are to develop a pressurized 10kWe Fuel Cell (FC) block with integral internal reforming and operate it with a hydrocarbon fuel representative of operation on natural gas. Status: Ongoing Source: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/european_fc_and_h2_projects.pdf

FP5: MCFC/MTG Hybrid Power Plant Toward Low-cost Production (MOCAMI) Duration: 36 months The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate a small-sized hybrid system with a combination of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) technology and Micro Gas Turbines (MTG).. Status: Ongoing System development Source: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/european_fc_and_h2_projects.pdf

FP5: Diesel reforming by catalytic technologies (DIRECT) Duration: 36 months... The DIRECT consortium develops a Diesel fuel operated SOFC with high efficiency and reliability as well as sulphur tolerance. It will be packaged for the use as Auxiliary Power Unit for vehicles and deliver 5 kwe... Status: Ongoing System development Source: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/european_fc_and_h2_projects.pdf

FP5: Biodiesel fuel processor for a fuel cell auxiliary power unit for a vehicle (BIOFEAT) Duration: 36 months The BIOFEAT project will develop, design, build & test a bio diesel fuel processor for a vehicle auxiliary power unit (APU)... The final deliverable will be a modular 10kWe fuel processor & design, supported by a design tool. Status: Ongoing Source: Sustainable fuel supply

FP 6 BIOMASS FUELL CELL UTILITY SYSTEM (BIOCELLUS) Duration: 36 months Energy from Biomass needs highly efficient small-scale energy systems... for decentralized generation.. Thus fuel cells are an attractive option... 1. Fuel cell materials.. gas cleaning technologies... 2. The system integration has to allow efficiencies Project Status: Execution Sustainable fuel supply System development source:http://www.cordis.lu/fp6/projects.htm

FP 6 SOFC Fuel cell fueled by biomass gasification gas (GREEN-FUEL-CELL) Duration: 16 months.. gasification technology that can produce gas for SOFC... One char bed with bed material and one char bed without bed material will be built and tested.. requirement of the gas quality.. long term testing.. complete integrated gasification-fuel cell stacks Project Status: Execution Sustainable fuel supply System development source:http://www.cordis.lu/fp6/projects.htm

Hybrid transportation applications FP 5: Marine Applications of Fuel Cells (FCSHIP) Power Optimised Aircraft (POA) German LuFo programme CELINA FELICITAS System development FP 6 aircraft ships, off-road Transportation

System development Transportation source: https://www.hfpeurope.org/hfp/hfp-annual-event_17mar2005

HY-LIGHT Hybrid hydrogen car Transportation Powertrain: 30kW Fuel Cell and supplementary additional 32 45 kw supercapacitors Traction: 2 electric motors in front wheels Mass: 850 kg Fuel: compressed Hydrogen and Pure Oxygen up to 350 bars Top speed: 130 km/h Range: 400 km (at a constant speed of 80 km/h) Acceleration:0-100 km/h in under 12 sec. Seating capatity: 4-seater Presented at: European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform 18 March 2005 Source: https://www.hfpeurope.org/hfp/hfp-annual-event_17mar2005

FP 5 EU Fuel Cell Interactions Fuel Cells Performance Testing and Standardisation (FCTEST) FC Testing (stacks, systems) FCTEST (EU-JRC) FCTESTNET Networks SOFCNET Projects project1 project1project1project1

Policy of European Commission Technical Possibilities and Boundaries Overview of Activities in Europe Future Developments

Necessary additional active role in: Quality Testing Standardisation International Co-operation Clean coal (to be expected)

Quality, testing and standardisation Raw materials Fuel Air Water.. Engineering Production Equipment System border Specification Product FC-System Power Heat Specification: Efficiency Lifetime Cost... Emissions

EVOLUTION FCTES QA FP6 Starting 2006 FCTESTNET A THEMATIC NETWORK FP5 Source: G. Tsotridis Internationalisation Testing supports TC 105 : Fuel Cell Technology

EU testing resources Fuel cell test facility at EC JRC Institute for Energy source: http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int/default.asp@sidsz=more_information&surl= download_2f200507_hydrogen_presspack.htm

EU testing resources Moving FC test facility at EC JRC Institute for Energy source: http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int/default.asp@sidsz=more_information&surl= download_2f200507_hydrogen_presspack.htm

EU testing resources H2 Bunker at EC JRC Institute for Energy source: http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int/default.asp@sidsz=more_information&surl= download_2f200507_hydrogen_presspack.htm

Future SOFC hybrids and coal use Sustainable fuel use source: http://www.technologiekongress.de/eng/doku-527-cooretec-englisch.pdf

Future outlook System integration of hybrid systems and necessary additional active role in: Quality Testing Standardisation International Co-operation Clean coal (to be expected)

Relevant websites http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinfo_en.html http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/index_en.htm http://www.cordis.lu/sustdev/energy http://www.hfpeurope.org http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/fp6/projects.cfm http://www.event.hfpeurope.org/exhibition/specs/michelin_ -_Specs.pdf https://www.hfpeurope.org/hfp/hfp-annual-event_17mar2005 http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int/welcome.htm http://ie.jrc.cec.eu.int/ http://www.cordis.lu/en/home.html

Additional Slides

H2 Bunker at EC JRC Institute for Energy source: http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int/default.asp@sidsz=more_information&surl= download_2f200507_hydrogen_presspack.htm

EU support (in million ) to hydrogen and fuel cell RTD in FP5 for the period 1999-2002 Medium / longer term RTD Short term demonstr./ Benchmark H2 FC techn, acquis. FC Station. Applic. FC Transp. Applic. FC port. Applic Total 23,6 22,4 12,1 28,02 8,4 94,5 6,9-16,8 26,53-50,3 Total 30,5 22,4 28,9 54,5 8,4 144,8 source: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/h2fuell_cell_en.pdf

Current RD&D structure in Europe ERA- NET EU Framework Programme F etc SE National Programmes AT I UK ES D FI NL source: Angel PEREZ SAINZ

Main EC DGs with responsibilities on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Projects EUROPEAN EUROPEAN COMMISSION COMMISSION DG TREN Transport and Energy DG ENTR Enterprise DG RTD Research DG ENV Environment JRC Joint Research Centre DG EAC Education and Culture Directorate D New Energies, demand management & sustainable development Directorate G Industrial Technologies Directorate H Space and Transport Directorate J Energy Institute for Energy Institute for Environment & Sustainability source: Angel PEREZ SAINZ

Energy Research in FP7 OBJECTIVE Transforming the current fossil-fuel based energy system into a more sustainable one based on on a diverse portfolio of of energy sources and carriers combined with enhanced energy efficiency, to to address the pressing challenges of of security of of supply and climate change, whilst increasing the competitiveness of of Europe s energy industries. source: Angel PEREZ SAINZ

The H2/FC Technology Platform: Structure and Participants Participants: Research Community, Industry, Public Authorities, Financial Community, Users and Consumers, Civil Society Platform Operations: General Assembly On-going and future projects, networks and initiatives, supported by EC, national and regional programmes Steering and support structures: Advisory Council (and Executive Group), Steering Panels and Initiative Groups, Member States Mirror Group, Commission Inter-service Hydrogen Project Team Secretariat source: Angel PEREZ SAINZ

STRUCTURE OF FCTESTNET Applications DG-RTD DG-TREN (Advisory role) WP 0 COORDINATION STEERING COMMITEE Area WP 8 WP 1.1 Automotive WP 1.2 Maritime WP 1.3 Aviation WP 1 APPLICATIONS AUTOMOTIVE & TRANSPORTATION WP 2 APPLICATIONS STATIONARY WP 4 BALANCE OF PLANTS WP 3 APPLICATIONS PORTABLE EXTERNAL RELATIONS US, CANADA STAND.BODIES IEA WP 1.4 Rail transport WP 5.1 DMFC WP 5 PEMFC WP 6 MCFC WP 7 SOFC Technologies Area Source: G. Tsotridis