The Software Factory Concept and its Implementation in Sodalia Paolo Tiribelli Managing Director PROLAMAT 98 Trento-September 9-11,1998 Pt - 1
Agenda Rationale behind the adoption of a Software Factory Sodalia: The Advanced Telecommunications Software Factory Software Integrated Management & Engineering Process Software Reuse Process Improvement and SEPG CMM Level 3: Measured Vs Expected Benefits Pt - 2
Information Technology and Business Information Technology makes three important new capabilities available to business: z The database allows you to tell your customers apart and remember them individually, z Interactivity means the customer can now talk to you, rather than serve as the passive target for your messages z Mass customization technology enables business to customize products and services as a matter of routine The successful enterprise must be able to integrate its actual production and service delivery processes with the feedback it receives from interacting with specific, individual customers Pt - 3
Information Technology and Business The business is faced with challenges deriving from the present highly competitive market: z Margins are shrinking z Time-to-market becomes a factor of paramount importance z The IT investment should be protected against evolutions in both technology and user requirements z The quality of products and services, more than the price, will play an important role in customer retention Pt - 4
The Players of the Game Customer High Quality Products/Services Competitive Cost Mass Customisation Service/Product Provider Competition/Cooperation Service/Product Provider Less Money for IT spending Time-to-Market Protection of the IT investment Software Developer Low cost products Very high quality Timeliness in deliveries Modular, flexible system architectures Pt - 5
The Software Factory Principles Take software development from a state of artisanship to a full fledged, industrial process Transform the creative phase into a repeatable, measurable yet flexible process Verify timing,processes, product specifications and even change product requirements at any time during the production process Software reuse incorporated in the development process Goals: Consistent delivery of products of superior quality, at competitive price, in shorter time periods, that flexibly meet all customer needs Pt - 6
Sodalia The Advanced Telecommunications Software Factory The Mission Sodalia mission is to be a profitable and competitevely superior software factory that provides advanced telecommunications products, application frameworks, reusable components and services to international telecommunications companies. Pt - 7
Sodalia The Advanced Telecommunications Software Factory The Software Factory Paradigm The Software Factory Paradigm is a new way to rapidly develop and build, based on strong integrated processes, High Quality Software Products (from Reusable Components). Modern Software Factories are using Mature Software Processes, Object Oriented Technology, tools and enabling technologies to achieve this new capability. Software Reuse, the building of software systems from existing components, promises to reduce development costs and timeframes, increase quality and reduce maintenance costs. Pt - 8
Sodalia The Advanced Telecommunications Software Factory Sodalia Software Factory Focus Top Management Committment TQM Model Software Process Maturity Improvement Managerial Staff Competency Technical Staff Competency OOT Software Reuse Enabling Technologies CASE Tools Telecommunications Technologies Results High Quality & Low Cost Telecommunications Products & Services: - Application Frameworks - End User Applications Competence Center for Methodologies and Technologies: - Consultancy - Advanced Software Engineering methods and Tools (SIMEP, SALMS, SPD, ) Pt - 9
The Advanced Telecommunicatios Software Factory The Software Factory Products END USER APPLICATIONS NTDCA/CS NTDCA/SDV IDNM/FM IMS/EPI IMS/CI SPGW VBS ST/Amico IDNM/SPT SG/IP Billing Modules REUSABLE SOFTWARE ARTIFACT LIBRARY TM/AF ISM/AF General Purpose Components Basic Class Libraries Graphic Libraries OBJECT ORIENTED PLATFORM (OOP) SODALIA ASSET LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SALMS) SIMEP Guidelines (SEI CMM) Quality System Procedures (ISO 9001) Pt - 10
The Advanced Telecommunicatios Software Factory The Reference Models: ISO 9001 and SEI CMM ISO 9001 Certification The development of both innovative software applications for telecommunications networks / services and advanced software engineering methods and tools SEI CMM Level 3...the organization exploits effective software engineering practices when standardizing its software processes... Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute Pt - 11
The Advanced Telecommunicatios Software Factory The Reference Models: ISO 9001 and SEI CMM Process Improvement from Sodalia Quality Policy The methodologies and the advanced technologies are aimed at obtaining error prevention, meeting the needs of our customers. Institutionalizing a Sodalia Quality System based upon the ISO 9001 standard, as the first step of a continuous process improvement. Every one in Sodalia must be focused on primary quality objectives: measuring and improving product quality, maintaining ISO 9001 Certification, increasing our Capability Maturity Level (SEI CMM) We will measure the progress toward these objectives through ( ) periodic assessments and audits, and the counting of faults detected prior to and after product release. Pt - 12
The Advanced Telecommunicatios Software Factory From beginning to CMM Level 3. June 94 June 95 Dec 95 May 96 Dec 96 Set 97 First version of the software process (SIMEP) Evolution and completion in accord to the Sodalia Quality System and SEI CMM Level 2 Integration with SEI CMM Level 3 Requirements SEI CMM Level 2 Achievement ISO 9001 (*) Certification SEI CMM Level 3 Achievement (*) The development of both innovative software applications for managing telecommunications networks / services and advanced software engineering methods and tools Pt - 13
The Advanced Telecommunicatios Software Factory Sodalia Quality System Sodalia Quality Manual Level 1: Policy Procedures Quality System Management Rules & Standards for Documentation Level 2: General Procedures ISO 9001 compliance Purchasing Equipment Management Contract Management Project Management Configuration Management Qualification and Delivery Servicing Training T D P P Software Process Level 3: Operating Procedures Guidelines Sodalia Software Engineering Process SIMEP Model ISO 9000/3 and SEI CMM compliance Purchasing Sys. Admin. Concept Exploration System Requirements System Architecture Analysis C++ Programming Project Management SAJ & Pj Tab. de Bord Sodalia Sw Metrics Tailoring Configuration Management Internal Quality Audit A Project Quality Plan Support Qualification & Delivery R&S: Document Identification R&S: Control & Management R&S: Document Production & Editing R&S: Template Usage non-sw processes Training V&V Review V&V Testing DocId: Defined Chars Groups Pt - 14
Software Integrated Management & Engineering Process SIMEP Software Integrated Management and Engineering Process Concept Exploration System Development Strategy CMM SEI SEI Level 3 Iterative approach Integration of of management and and engineering activities OO OO Technology Reuse Iteration # 1 Iteration # 2 Iteration # n Pt - 15
Software Integrated Management & Engineering Process SIMEP The Process SIMEP fully models an advanced software development process to overcome the deficiences and drawbacks of traditional waterfall approach. SIMEP recognizes a progression through successive iterations (rigorous framework for progression in the project by reiterating a sequence of basic process steps). An important goal of each iteration is to allow Clients and Sodalia to enrich and better specify Expectations (User Requirements as stated in the contract) and System Requirements for the next iteration, based on the results of the current one. SIMEP Model integrates more perspectives (project management, configuration management, verification & validation, reuse enabling, core development) of the software production, providing a framework for consistent planning and tracking activities, among the various actors of the process, in terms of timing, granularity, artifacts, etc. Pt - 16
Software Integrated Management & Engineering Process SIMEP The Product Process Model Guidelines for Project Management, including Software Metrics Guidelines for each major engineering activity (e.g. requirement definition, architecture definition, analysis, design, construction) Guidelines for Configuration Management Guidelines for Verification & Validation activities (e.g. reviewing and testing) Guidelines for process tailoring...(see next slide) Pt - 17
Software Integrated Management & Engineering Process SIMEP Process Tailoring Concept Exploration System Development Strategy Iteration # 1 size, risk class, quality, etc. Iteration # 2 Iteration # n SIMEP Tailoring Guidelines Software Process Database Project/Product characteristics Project s Defined SW Process and Project Plan (4 standard development processes + 1 exploratory ) Pt - 18
Software Integrated Management & Engineering Process SIMEP The graphical representation Iteration Planning Clients Users Iteration Plan Analysis User Documentation Production New expectations p System Requirements System Architecture User Documentation (Manuals) m Design Acceptance Test Development System Test Development Integration Test Development Design Speci¼ cation m Acceptance Test Strategy Acceptance Test Script System Test Strategy System Test Script Integration Test Strategy Integration Test Script Pr oject Review Iteration Plan Component Test Development Construction m Component Test Strategy Component Test Script Component Test Software Component m Pt - 19
Reuse Program Expected Benefits Productivity and Quality improvement z Reduced maintenance cost z Improved interoperability among systems Pt - 20
Reuse costs/benefits Engineering for reuse Analysis Design Construction Test Extra costs of development for reuse Engineering with reuse Analisi Analisi Analysis OO OO Design Design Design OO OO Costruzione Costruzione Construction Testing Testing Test Extra costs for reusable assets identification Reduced costs of development with reuse Pt - 21
Reuse Program Definition of a global approach for reuse, to fit the Sodalia reuse strategy Definition, development and deployment of techniques and tools to support systematic reuse Set up of an appropriate organizational structure to take care of all reuse related activities in the Company Sodalia s Reuse Model Reuse methodology (SOODEM, Sodalia Object Oriented Domain Engineering Method) SALMS (Sodalia s Assets Library Management System) RSO, Reuse Support Organization Pt - 22
SALMS and RSAL SALMS RSAL TL Sodalia Technical Library and internal documents RSAL Descriptor Repository generalization usage traceability TL Descriptor Repository Configuration Management Tool Visualization Tools (Mosaic, Netscape, StP-OMT, FrameMaker, emacs,etc. Corporate Asset Repository import User File System... Requirements Architecture Design Code Manuals... Pt - 23
Reuse Software Artifacts Library User Categories Internal User Restricted user External user Application Admin. RSAL Admin. Internal TL User Restricted TL User External TL User TL Admin. Graphical User Interface Client Viewing Artifacts Access Tools SALMS Repository (¼le system) Network Server Database Interface Importing Assets RSAL Metadata TL Sybase DBMS Pt - 24
Reuse Software Artifacts Library Search Mechanisms Direct Access Specify unique identifier of the asset Particularly efficient to recall an asset already explored Filtered Access Specify filtering criteria (e.g. author, name of project, date of insertion, etc.) Retrieves a subset of all assets from the library (manual) Text -Based Access Specify character string to be searched in either the Textual Description, Reuse Experience Reports, or Reuser s Notes of each descriptor. Obviously more expensive (e.g. UNIX grep ), to be (for instance to retrieve poorly classified assets) Faceted Access Specify a term (i.e. keyword) for each facet Obtain all assets having exactly the corresponding classification Preferred method to access asset descriptors in SALMS Pt - 25
RSAL Artifacts Search, Navigation through Relations RSAL Generalization Evolution Application Frameworks STM/AF SISM/AF End User Applications Network Traffic Data Collection&Analysis Automapper Currency Conversion Module Basic Class Libraries OO Mgmt Platform Extension Container C++ DCE Wrapper Graphic Libraries General Purpose Components... Application Manager Bulk Data Transfer General Purpose Browser... Application Generators Agent Development Toolkit Core VNMS... Pt - 26
Process Improvement and SEPG Sodalia Software Engineering Process Group Formally established in July 1996 Responsibility assigned to the Research & Technology Department, in charge of Sodalia software process activities and for coordinating these activities with the projects Staffed by SIMEP and SEE (Software Engineering Environment) Area Reuse and Technologies Area Quality Area representative all Project/Area Managers (part-time) Pt - 27
Process Improvement and SEPG SEPG, Projects and SQA interactions SEPG provides Procedures Procedures & Guidelines Guidelines applies feedback supports Projects Development Development V&V V&V audit Project Project Plans Plans &Artifacts &Artifacts applies SQA Report Report Pt - 28
Process Improvement and SEPG Organization and Training For each Project, specific roles are assigned. Project Manager Requirements Manager Architect Development Manager V&V Manager Configuration Manager Documentation Manager For the Company, organizational roles are assigned: Methodologies Manager Training Manager and Technical Training Coordinator Reuse and Technologies Manager Quality Assurance Manager Pt - 29
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits CMM Level 3: Expected Benefits With well-defined processes, performance improves... [ SEI CMM] Organizations at the Repeatable Process Level [ ] face major risks when they are presented with new challenges... [W.S.Humphrey, Managing the Software Process ] Sodalia Operating Plan (1996): to continue to demonstrate that Sodalia is a profitable and high reliable developer of advanced, high quality, low cost, and reusable telecommunications components, subsystems and systems This objectives generates [...]... achieve and maintain CMM Level 3...... increase Productivity and Quality y +5-10% Improvement in Cost/Performance y +5-10% Improvement in Customer Satisfaction and Product Quality... Pt - 30
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits CMM Level 3: Expected Benefits Level Process Characteristics Predicted Performance Optimizing Performance continuously improves in Level 5 organizations Managed Based on quantitative understanding of process and product, performance continues to improve in Level 4 organizations Defined With well-defined processes, performance improves in Level 3 organizations Repeatable Plans based on past performance are more realistic in Level 2 organizations Initial Process improvement is institutionalized Product and process are quantitatively controlled Technical practices are integrated with management practices and institutionalized Project management practices are institutionalized Process is informal and ad hoc Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute Probability Probability Probability Probability Probability Target N-z Time/$/Quality/... Target N-y Time/$/Quality/... Time/$/Quality/... Time/$/Quality/... Time/$/Quality/... Target N-x Target N Target N+a Pt - 31
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits Timeframe 1.5 year of work with level 3 Jun 94 Jun 95 Dec 95 May 96 Dec 96 Set 97 Today First version of thesoftware process (SIMEP) Evolution and completion in accord to the Sodalia Quality System and SEI CMM Level 2 Integration with SEI CMM Level 3 Requirements SEI CMM Level 2 Achievement ISO 9001 Certification SEI CMM Level 3 Achievement Pt - 32
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits Expected Benefits: how to measure? Software Metrics Program have a common basis for measurement compare results among Projects between methods (before and after the adoption) learn from past experience Pt - 33
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits Software Process Database December 96 First release Jan 97 February 97 Insertion of some data of 1996 projects..... Set 97 February 98 Insertion of data of 1997 projects, driven by CMM First use of SPD data Start operating at Level 3 SEI CMM Level 3 Achievement Pt - 34
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits Software Process Database Contents 8 Projects, 18 "phases" (Concept Exploration, Iteration) The data are collected "in progress" by the Projects staff The MSO (Measurement Support Organization) validates the data, before publishing Technical characteristics Home-made tool Prototyped with Java, Oracle 8 (beta test) Automated import from other data collection tools (SAJ-SIMEP Activity Journal, CD-defects) Integration with the planning tool (WinProject) is in progress Pt - 35
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits Increased effort estimating capabilities? from R&T Department Notebook, SEPG Chapter, Metrics Section, (March 1998) Ratio estimated/measured 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 - A B C D E F G H I L M N 1996 1997 Proj j Pt - 36
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits Increased size estimating capabilities? from R&T Department Notebook, SEPG Chapter, Metrics Section, (March 1998) Ratio estimated/measured 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 - D B H K I L M 1996 1997 Proj j Pt - 37
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits Measured Benefits Increased estimating capability effort size Increased software quality decreased defects number detected after release Decreased project costs shared software engineering environment coordinated use of enabling technologies Pt - 38
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits Behavioural Benefits Systematic approach to improvement Resistance to change minimized Promote a culture to pro-active improvement Identification of Best Practices within the Organization The Organization s knowledge... grows Pt - 39
CMM Level 3: Measured vs Expected Benefits The CMM adoption advantages for a SME Full involvement of software project managers and software engineers Rapid and effective deployment Short time-to-process-improvement Short path for top management commitment Pt - 40