Equitable and Low-Carbon Society: Aspiration and Strategies for Southeast Asia Protecting the Mekong Delta from the impacts of climate change and destructive development Presented by: Nguy Thi Khanh GreenID Executive Director
Build-up of the presentation Context About GreenID Our proposals to protect Mekong Delta Questions
Context Recent national growth model is energy and nature resources intensity. High vulnerability to Climate change impacts and upstream development A number of policies efforts: National Sustainable Development Strategy, Green Growth Strategy and National target program on Climate Change 3 strategies of GGS: Reduce green house emission and promote use of clean and renewable energy; Green production, Greening life styles and green consumption. Increasing Energy demand met by more coal power, nuclear, dams Limited policy implementation at the local level Local incentives, solutions is not seriously supported.
Context Mekong Delta is seriously threatened by climate change impacts and upstream dams development. Erosion, salt instrusion, sea level rise and other disasters increased. BESIDES AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES, THE DELTA DOES NOT HAVE MUCH ELSE. High population (20 millions) Human resource is low Low potential for mineral exploration and mining Little forest area Most of the industries and services are ancillary to agriculture and fisheries (fish processing, rice processing, rice transport, fish transport, rural tourism)
N o. Proposed LMB mainstream hydropower projects MAINSTREA M PROJECT DEVELOPER 1 Pak Beng China: Datang International Power Generation 2 Luang Prabang Vietnam: PETROVIETNAM Power Corporation 3 Xayaburi Thailand: SEAN & Ch. Karnchang Public 4 Pak Lay China: CEIEC & Sino-Hydro 5 Xanakham China: Datang International Power Generation 6 Pak Chom Thailand/Laos: Joint feasibility study by Panya consultants on behalf of Ministries of Energy in Thailand and Ministry of Mines and Energy in Lao PDR 7 Lat Sua Thailand: Italian Thai Asia Corp. Holdings 8 Ban Koum Thailand: Charoen Energy & Waters Asia 9 Don Sahong 1 Thakho 0 11 Stung Treng 1 Sambor 2 Malaysia: Mega First France: Compagnie Nationale du Rhone and EDL Vietnam China: Southern Power Grid 5
Projected Sea level rise in MKD
GreenIDs perspectives Vietnamese NGO established in 2011 under Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations Thematic focus: sustainable energy development, improved water resources management and inclusive decision making process Committed to promote green, low-carbon, environmentally friendly development and natural resources protection
GreenID envisions sustainable development for Vietnam and the larger Mekong region based on improved governance of the environment, good natural resources management, and widespread use of green technologies and production methods.
Strategic direction to 2030 Promoting and elaborating initiatives, solutions towards sustainable development with particular focus on energy, water resources and Green production in Vietnam Developing green community models to increase community s resilience to emerging challenges from disasters, climate change and development process Advocating for changes in laws, regulations, policies, and sector strategies related to energy, water resources and environment to incorporate more sustainable approaches and improve governance in Vietnam and the Mekong River Basin.
What are we doing 1. Demonstrate Green community practices: Green Community model based on Local energy planning approach (in cooperation with Energy Alliance) Documenting local low-carbon and sustainable energy initiatives and solutions Developing and running a Sustainable Energy Education Centre 2. Advocacy: - Energy: Revised Law on electricity, PDP, Fossil fuel reform - Green Growth strategy and Action Plan - Vietnam hydropower and Mekong Dams
Proposals for Mekong Delta Stop building dams in the Mainstream of Mekong river. Development and application of alternative energy solutions (at community level in the Mekong Delta through local energy planning approach, fossil fuel reform to shift the energy mixed towards more climate friendly at national level). Intensive Climate Action on the ground not policy only Building network of grass-root people action to protect the Mekong Delta, Mekong river basin Promote local knowledge, initiatives and good practices related to sustainable development Prepare for local grass-root people understanding about the new threat and challenges for them from upstream development and climate impacts
Local Energy Planning (LEP) Local Energy Planning (LEP) Energy planning by and with the local people Approach originates in Denmark, and is also promoted in Thailand and Mozambique The approach aims to utilize locally present resources
LEP (cont) - Steps 1 Field survey to select project sites 2 Awareness raising on LEP for stakeholders. 3 Build up capacity on application of LEP for local energy team 4 5 Survey and data collection on current energy status, trends and local resources Problem analysis and priorities identified related to energy at each commune 6 Sustainable Energy Solutions Exhibition 7 Community develop their energy plan with clear objectives, focused areas and alternative solutions.
Some pictures about LEP
Energy Plan of Nam Cuong Long-term objective Reduce the threats to health of women and children in the commune Short-term objective (2012-2016) Improve fresh water supply quality and availability using local energy solutions Improve environmental issues, especially air and waste Reduce energy costs from the expected 12% to 8% of income in 2016, and prevent threats of electricity shortage
Energy Plan of Nam Cuong Selected solutions and targets Build biogas pipeline network in the commune starting from 50 households in 2013 and 100% of the households should be connected by 2016. Uses of the biogas for electricity generation should also be tested. Promote efficient cook stoves. By 2016, 100% of the stoves in the commune should be efficient stoves. Promote solar water heaters. By 2016, 50% of the houses will use this system. Raise awareness about environmental impacts and promote technology for saving energy costs and treating waste at the household and commune levels
Nam Cuong s Action Plan 1. Awareness Raising Activities Jan 2013 Feb 2013 Mar 2013 April-Dec 2013 2014 2015 2016 Raise awareness about the commune's energy plan Raise awareness about environmental impact 2. Communal Biogas Pipeline Network Survey site for biogas digester and pipeline & feasibility study Make proposal and mobilize financial resource pilot system installation Testing and evaluation Expansion 3. Garbage separation at household level Propagate, find interested households, prepare material training expansion 4. Search for solutions for garbage at commune level 5. Investigate drinking water solutions starting from solar still 6. Promotion of improved cook stoves, solar water heater, PV, and efficient light bulbs (LED) 7. Other activities (Sep 2013)
Energy Plan of Nam Cuong Expected results (2016) % energy cost in total income CO 2 emission 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 12% 10% 10% 8% 2011 2016 Tons CO 2 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2,656 2,531 1,566 1,610 2011 2016 BAU ALT1 ALT2 BAU ALT1 ALT2
Initial Results up to October 2013
Initial results up to Oct 2013 Solar Power-RO drinking system in Nam Cuong commune
Waste2Energy Composting Commu nity biogas system
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