INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT (IWM): Building Partnership for Effective Management of Komodo National Park Inge Yangesa Tri Wahyuni MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY Pattaya, 1 December 2015
Komodo National Park Komodo National park was created by the Indonesian government in 1980 to protect a population of giant lizards (Komodo dragons). Located in the center of the Coral Triangle and it encompass 1,733 km² of which 132,572 ha is marine and 40,728 ha is terrestrial. Scientists confirmed that it sits right at the base of the Coral Triangle, which is the most diverse marine region on Earth. In 1991, Komodo was recognized as a Unesco World Heritage site, and it was attracting visitor double to visit the park. The National Park statistics reported that 80,626 visitors visit the park in 2014, increase double than 2013 that only 58,000.
Zonation Map of Komodo National Park 1 6 4 3 2 5
Background The growth of visitor and tourism infrastructure in the Komodo National Park (KNP) creates some threats for the environment Untreated Waste Volume (328 m 3 ), 80% is plastics Lack of awareness for waste disposing in its place Unavailability of sufficient dumpsites (unloaded garbage from its containers, unremoved garbage from its temporary dumpsites, and improper disposal of waste). The existence of economic value from waste Waste impact on health and problematic to the tourism and the ecosystem of the KNP Low enforcement of the regulations has also contributed to the ineffective waste management. The absence of motivation in protecting the environment as ecotourism standards.
Project Overview Location : Komodo Subdistrict, Manggarai Barat District, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia Period : 5 years (April 2014-2019) Main Organizers : WWF Indonesia and Komodo National Park Main Stakeholders : Local governments, civil society organization (CSO), community groups, business organization Methodology: - Data collection methods by observation, document review, and interviews the individuals and groups in the sample villages. - The data collected is then processed through inductive analysis to reach conclusions based on the facts and recommendations.
OBJECTIVES The Integrated Waste Management (IWM) Project is aimed at a creating a model of sustainable waste management in Komodo National Park (KNP) and its peripheral through: 1. Promotion of people awareness and action; 2. Improved collaboration among stakeholders; 3. Improved waste regulations; and 4. Increased waste and recycling businesses.
Existing Conditions As inception study by WWf 2014, total estimated waste volume in Komodo Sub District : 328 m 3 and 80% is plastics Komodo Sub-District comprises 19 villages with the total population is 9.287 households or 41,877 peoples. 10 out of the 19 villages are located on coastal areas with the total households of 6.086 (65,5%) and the population is 27.577 (65,8%) peoples as yhe sample villages.
The number of household on the coastal areas Villages Households Male Female Total Komodo 410 789 787 1576 Papa Garang 335 624 628 1252 Pasir Panjang 386 849 713 1562 Golo Mori 354 826 875 1701 Warloka 382 833 801 1634 Macang Tanggar 646 1482 1428 2910 Pasir Putih 534 1180 1203 2383 Goron Talo 1179 2597 2737 5334 Batu Carmin 566 1787 1914 3701 Labuan Bajo 1294 2949 2575 5524 TOTAL 6.086 13.916 13.661 27.577
Current Status: Most of the sample villages conditions is lack of the municipal resources In Kampung Air (Labuan Bajo) do not have any waste facilities either trash bins or temporary waste containers. Every household will bring their waste to Jl. Soekarno Hatta to be removed. The environment is not healthy in lights with its sanitation condition and the settlement density. There are limited collaboration amongst stakeholders and lack of awareness of people attitude toward waste management. the limited transportation units, the over limited of the final dumpsite capacity, and indiscipline of the households/businesses in collecting waste A clean and portable water is not easily available at some locations. This makes a high number of plastic waste The respondents interviewed do not see the important of managing their waste. Garbage is seen all over its coastal area, there is no any waste facilities in the area.
Strategy has been done in Waste Management Program: 1. Improve community opportunities and the private sector to manage waste and benefits from waste management: Facilitated established a Koperasi Serba Usaha Sampah Komodo (KSU Sampah Komodo); it is an independent small community business, which is founded by 27 members Improving the capacity of women groups through waste recycling trainings to help develop art and craft skills. Art and other interesting objects creates from the waste collected; plastic bottle, plastic bag, paper or can will be sold at tourism outlets. Some education and awareness programs also conduct through activities such as clean up beach
Strategy has been done in Waste Management Program: 2. Advocating local government to produce policy support in waste reduction program in Manggarai Barat: Advocating the local government to shape the regulation. The environmental department agreed to work with dive operator and community in waste program. The environmental department is committed to support KSU Sampah Komodo. Encourage the environmental department involved in community waste program. It s important to create strong link between community and government in achieving their target on reducing waste volume. In April 2015, The Bupati of Manggarai Barat district attended opening ceremony of KSU Sampah. The Bupati is also committed to joint as a KSU member.
Koperasi Serba Usaha Sampah Komodo (KSU SAMPAH KOMODO) Established on 20 November 2014 in Labuan Bajo; The KSU is combining environmental welfare and conservation tasks with community empowerment, employment and alternative income generation. The income generated from plastic collecting, recycling, selling operations helps the initiative to remain operational and sustainable. Assets : - 2 unit tossa motor - 1 unit thrasher plastic - 1 unit press machine - 1 unit sewing machine for plastic - 2 unit warehouse: 5x6 meter and size 6x8 meter
VISION, MISSION AND JOB FOCUS VISION: The realization of clean and free of garbage Komodo National Park as a world tourist destination MISSION: Educate the public on waste management encourage people to do the 3 R (Reducing, Re Use and Recyling) Inform the benefits and dangers of garbage to the public Working closely with all stakeholders to collect garbage Supporting the realization of preservation and conservation of tourist destinations in Labuan Bajo Encourage community to use of waste as an alternative source of income JOB FOCUS: Serving Transportation and Purchase of non-organic waste such as plastics, tin, aluminum, glass bottles, paper, and cardboard. Sales to the waste processing pabric outside the Flores island Campaigns and dissemination of environmental health Traning and education Work Area: Labuan Bajo City and surrounding areas
Customers and The Volume of Waste Customers consist of hotels, restaurants, cafes, schools, government offices, stores / kiosks and household (total of 184 customers) The volume of waste in the warehouse until October 2015, consists of: - carton 4000 kg - paper 2500 kg - aluminium cans 300 kg - plastic bottles 400 kg - plastic cups 250 kg - other plastic 300 kg - glass bottles: 14.400 bottles - iron/metal : 500 kg - beer bottles : 9 ton - other bottles : 500 kg Total : ± 18 ton
Plan of Selling and Plan of 2016 Initial sales will be held in December 2015, to Lumajang, Surabaya and Denpasar. Plan of 2016 - Capital Strengthening of units in KSU Waste Komodo - The addition of units, members and customers - Expansion of the customer to the Komodo National Park and surroundings - The expansion area work area - KSU Waste Komodo become a training center for waste management in West Manggarai - The sales target at least 4 times a year with a total volume of 16 tons of trash
Challenges small land for garbage collection need maximum coordination with the government need of socialization in a public areas waste is still considered as a thing which not have economic benefit need of government support in terms of operational
Lessons Learned In order for the effort to be effective, the following guiding principles may be considered to implement the IWM Project: Integration: Waste management should incorporate the proposed inter-connected 4 pillars: behavior change and communication, regulation, business, and management. Desentralization: It will allow community groups or village government to engage in waste management efforts. Collaboration: Waste management is complex in nature. In order to be effective, it requires collaborative efforts from all stakeholders ranging from government, the community, CSO, and private business. Exclusion: Waste management should target and include all components of community members on the land and on the sea. The public behavior of disposing of waste into rivers and on the beaches has an effect on the quality of marine resources. Participatory approaches: It is important to engage all stakeholders in planning, budgeting, implementing, and monitoring the effort. Sustainability: The project should promote and maintain the community s independence in following areas of finance, human resources, system, regulation, and social and cultural resources.
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