Efficient utilization of energy sources Perspectives for the reduction of fossil primary energy utilization in urban areas March 28
Using the energy content the most efficient way is using COMBINED HEAT AND POWER! Example for utilising 25. tons waste: 7. 6. 5. losses MWh 4. 3. 2. produced heat for heating, hot tap water and cooling 1. landfill no energy production waste incineration electricity production waste incineration combined heat and power production produced electricity
District heating network: Primary Secondary
Forecast trend in heating demand in Vienna from 26 to 25 Average monthly output [MW] 4. 3.5 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1. Thermal heat demand 6 Hot water 26 Thermal heat demand 25 Hot water 25 Population growth 1.6 2 million Rehabilitation and new construction low energy and Passive house standard Efficiency enhancement in heating systems Reduction in heating days due to global warming 5 Jän Feb Mär Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Trend in specific thermal heat demand for dwellings supplied by Fernwärme Wien Specific thermal heat demand [kwh/m²] 197 1975 198 1985 199 1995 2 25 21 215 22 225 23 235 24 245 25 Actual data (only partially available for pre-1989) Linear forward projection
16. Energy source composition in Vienna with stepped-up expansion of district heating Annual heat demand [GW] 14. 12. 1. 8. 6. 4. 2. Fossil oil, coa Electricity1 Natural gas Biogas in the gas net. Biomass, solar thermal energy District heating 25 25
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trend in demand for cooling in Vienna Cooling capacity [MW] 1.Jän 1.Feb 1.Mar 1.Apr 1.May 1.Jun 1.Jul 1.Aug 1.Sep 1.Oct 1.Nov 1.Dec Cooling demand 26 Cooling demand 25
Average value Cooling demand of one day loading accumulator Concept of district cooling utilises Heat mainly from waste incineration during summer Storage facility cuts the needed capacity Cooling demand Accumulator Compression chiller 1 Compression chiller 2 Absorption chiller 4 Absorption chiller 3 Absorption chiller 2 Absorption chiller 1 High full load hours for all machines
District heating generation 26 and 25 including share for refrigeration generation 3,5 3. 2,5 3,8 MW 2,38 MW Duration curve for district heating 25 incl. cooling Duration curve district heating generation 25 Duration curve district heating generation 26 Output [MW] 2, 1,5 1, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Peak load hours [h]
3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1, 5 Idealized tabulated annual duration line 25 Peak Cogeneration Geothermal energy, biomass, and other renewables Waste incinerators 5 1, 1,5 2, 2,5 3, 3,5 4, 4,5 5, 5,5 6, 6,5 7, 7,5 8, 8,5 Peak load hours [h] Output [MW]
Heatgeneration for district cooling and heating and therfore used primary engergy in 25 1, 9, Peakload 8, Energy [GWh] 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, Cogeneration Renewables Primary energy for Poweruse of pumps and for district cooling 2, 1, Waste biogen Waste fossil Origin of thermal energy For peaks and cogeneration Of which primary energy used
Fossil primary energy demand for heating in Vienna Primary energy input [GWh] 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 1% primary energy demand with business as usual 28% reduction as a result of thermal rehabilitation 16% reduction due to renewables and technical advancement 28% due to district heating expansion 2, 26 28 21 212 214 216 218 22 222 224 226 228 23 232 234 236 238 24 242 244 246 248 25 28% remaining primary energy demand District heating with baseload from waste incineration has high reduction possibilities!
CO2 CO2-Emissionen emissions due to von space Raumwärme heating and und hot Warmwasser water provision 4, 3,5 CO2 Äquivalentemissionen equivalent emissions [mio t CO2] 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1,,5, 25 21 215 22 225 23 235 24 245 25 The saving in fossil fuels (insulation and district heating expansion) achieves an emission reduction of 2.9 million tones CO2 or 8%
Comparison of different primary energy factors for heating and warmwater 1,4 1,2 1,8,6,4,2 Gas Heizung boiler Heat pump Wärmepumpe Fernwärme Hamburg District heating Hamburg District Fernwärme heating Stockholm District Fernwärme heating München Munich District Fernwärme heating Helsinki Munich District Fernwärme heating Vienna Wien District Fernwärme heating Brescia District Fernwärme heating Gothenburg Göteborg Primary energy factor Source: EcoHeatCool project
Thank you for your attention! Don t hesitate to contact me for further questions: franz.schindelar@fernwaermewien.at Ing. Franz Schindelar Technical director Fernwärme Wien GesmbH