O C T O B E R 2 2, 2 0 1 3 B O S T O N, M A S S A C H U S E T T S Regulatory Issues and Smart Grid Transmission Solutions CIGRE Grid of The Future Symposium Michael I. Henderson D I R E C T O R, R E G I O N A L P L A N N I N G A N D C O O R D I N A T I O N
About ISO New England Private not-for-profit Regulated by the federal government Independent of companies doing business in market Administer competitive wholesale electricity markets Operate transmission system Plan for long-term system needs 2
New England s Electric Power Grid at a Glance 6.5 million households and businesses; population 14 million 8,000+ miles of high-voltage transmission 13 interconnections to neighbors 31,750+ megawatts (MW) of generating capacity and approximately 1,850 MW of demand resources 28,130 MW all-time peak demand, set on August 2, 2006 $5 billion in transmission investment since 2002; about $6 billion planned over next 5 years $5 billion total energy market value in 2012 3
Transmission Map Approximately 8,400 miles of transmission lines in region Voltages 345 & 230 kilovolts 2,600 miles 115 & 69 kilovolts 5,800 miles Transmission ties to: New York (9) Hydro Québec (2) New Brunswick (2) Source: Key Facts, PTF Catalog (2013 ) Public Map 4
Policy Drivers for Smart Transmission Structure of markets and transmission rates Reliability criteria Regulatory Electric rates for load customers Siting of resources and transmission facilities Demand Environmental The type and location of resource development and retirements Affect the economic and physical performance of resources Depend on price and customer interests Energy efficiency Behind the meter generation and distributed generation Development of variable energy resources that require flexible operation of the system and affect needed transmission expansion 5
Energy Efficiency a Priority for New England Capacity market coupled with state policies have produced robust EE investment Ranking of state EE efforts by the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy : Massachusetts 1 Vermont 5 Connecticut 6 Rhode Island 7 New Hampshire 18 Maine 25 Billions spent over the past few years; more on the horizon Approximately $1 billion invested from 2008 to 2010 ISO estimates $5.7 billion to be invested in EE from 2015 to 2021 6
Forecast of Annual Electric Energy Demand (GWh) 2013 New England Demand and EE Forecast Results 35,000 New England: Summer 90/10 Peak (MW) New England: Annual Energy Use (GWh) 155,000 34,000 150,000 Forcast of 90/10 Summer Peak (MW) 33,000 32,000 31,000 30,000 145,000 140,000 135,000 29,000 0.3% growth rate 28,000 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 RSP13 RSP13-FCM RSP13-FCM-EEF 130,000 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 RSP13 RSP13-FCM RSP13-FCM-EEF 7
Region Experiencing Growth of PV and Other DG Regionally: More than 2,000 MW of DG anticipated by 2021 PV will be the dominant DG technology 250 MW installed by end of 2012; approx. 125 MW in 2012 alone Massachusetts: reached its 250 MW PV goal three years early May 2013: Announced expanded goal of 1,600 MW of PV by 2020 1 Connecticut: Public Act 11-80 is stimulating growth in DG Could result in more than 300 MW of DG by 2022, mostly PV Vermont: State goal of 127.5 MW of DG by 2022 Approximately 26 MW of PV installed in VT by end of 2012 Rhode Island: DG Standard Contract program aimed at stimulating 40 MW of DG by 2014 RI is considering expanding program to 120 MW by 2018 Program awarded contracts to 14.67 MW of PV through the end of 2012 New Hampshire: Class II RPS will require about 25 MW of PV by 2015 1 Note that the MA goal is based on total DC nameplate ratings. As a result of numerous DC-to-AC derate factors, AC power rating is typically in the range of 75%-85% of the DC nameplate rating. A description of the various derate factors can be found at: http://www.nrel.gov/rredc/pvwatts/changing_parameters.html 8
Some Potential System Reliability Impacts of DG* State jurisdictional interconnection standards for DG are often modeled consistent with IEEE Standard 1547 TM Existing standard does not consider impacts of significant DG on the bulk system IEEE 1547 TM is a don t ride through requirement DG may trip offline during low frequency and low voltage conditions IEEE 1547 TM prohibits DG from regulating feeder voltage May change voltage response of system during disturbances Growing penetrations of DG could impact grid reliability, both in terms of system operations and system planning The effectiveness of existing schemes for under-frequency and under-voltage load shedding may be impacted At large enough penetrations, decreased system inertia and impacts on system protection requirements may need to be evaluated Need improved load modeling both steady state and dynamic ISO is working with the states and regional stakeholders to develop a DG forecasts for planning and operating the system and to address technical issues Source: *NERC s Integration of Variable Generation Task Force (IVGTF) Task 1-8 Report, Potential Bulk System Reliability Impacts of Distributed Resources, August 2011. 9
States have Set Targets for Renewables 25% RPS as % of estimated electricity use in 2020 Almost 40% of Proposed Projects in Region are Wind 20% 20% Other 6% 15% 15% 16% 10% 5% 10% 11% Wind 38% Natural gas 56% 0% ME NH MA RI CT As of April 2013 10
New England Governors Renewable Energy Blueprint Population and electric demand are concentrated along the coast in central and southern New England 12,000 MW of onshore and offshore wind potential Transmission will be required to connect potential wind resources to load centers in New England Electricity Demand Wind zones 11
FERC Order 1000 Issued in July 2011, Order 1000 pertains to intra- and interregional transmission planning and cost allocation practices in both ISO/RTO and non-iso/rto regions Establish planning processes and cost allocation methods that will support transmission development to meet public policy objectives Establish planning processes and cost allocation methods with neighboring systems to support interregional planning and transmission development Remove arrangements that protect the right of first refusal for incumbent transmission providers Regional stakeholder meetings currently underway to comply with new requirements 12
Snapshot Proposed Projects These projects can help get renewable resources to load centers in region f From Newfoundland & Labrador Québec i New Brunswick a c e 5 Nova Scotia j b h g Representative Projects and Concept Proposals New York d a. Northern Pass Hydro Quebec/Northeast Utilities b. Northeast Energy Link Bangor Hydro/National Grid c. Green Line New England ITC d. Bay State Offshore Wind Transmission System Anbaric Transmission e. Northeast Energy Corridor Maine/New Brunswick f. Muskrat Falls/Lower Churchill Newfoundland and Labrador (Nalcor) and Nova Scotia (Emera) g. Maine Yankee Greater Boston h. Maine Greater Boston i. Northern Maine New England j. Plattsburgh, NY New Haven, VT Note: These projects are NOT reliability projects, but ISO New England s role is to ensure the reliable interconnection of these types of projects. 13
New England FACTS HVDC VSC HVDC Planned Dynamic Devices Generators: Northern VT and Western ME A Highgate B Comerford (Retired) D Cross Sound Cable C Sandy Pond (Phase II) SVC STATCOM E Chester G Essex F Barnstable H Glenbrook A G M L B K E DVAR Synchronous Condensor I Stony Hill (2) M Granite (4) J Bates Rock Planned Dynamic Devices K Kibby (2) L Granite Wind Generators in Northern VT and Western Maine I H J D C F 14
Regional Energy Shift from Oil to Natural Gas Percent of Total Electric Energy Production 2000 2012 Oil 22% Oil <1% Coal 18% Coal 3% Natural gas 15% Natural gas 52% Nuclear 31% Nuclear 31% Hydro and other renewables 13% Hydro and other renewables 13% Pumped storage 2% Pumped storage 1% Other renewables include landfill gas, biomass, other biomass gas, wind, solar, municipal solid waste, and misc. fuels. 15
Power Plant Emissions have Declined with Changes in the Fuel Mix Reduction in Aggregate Emissions (ktons/yr) Year NO x SO 2 CO 2 2001 59.73 200.01 52,991 2011 25.30 57.01 46,959 % Reduction, 2001 2011 58% 71% 11% Reduction in Average Emission Rates (lb/mwh) Year NO x SO 2 CO 2 2001 1.05 3.51 930 2011 0.42 0.95 780 % Reduction, 2001 2011 60% 73% 16% Source: April 24, 2013 PAC Presentation: 2011 ISO New England Electric Generator Air Emissions Report 16
Smart Grid Not New Technology Has Evolved Technological advancements Advanced control and protection Synchronized Phasor Measurements Precise State Measurements and Estimates Complete and Incomplete Observability State Estimates of Interconnected Systems Intelligent Visualization Techniques Advanced Metering Infrastructure Dynamic Ratings and Condition Monitoring High Voltage Direct Current Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Automatic Calibration of Instrument Transformers Many Other Technologies 17
Closing Thoughts Public policies seeking to increase energy efficiency, distributed generation and renewable development are driving the need for smart grid transmission technologies The expansion of HVDC and FACTS is likely Technology is continuing to evolve 18
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