NAMA potential of Vietnam Prof. Dr. Tran Thuc Director General Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Introduction to Vietnam Area: 331,051.4 km 2 Population: 86.927 million (2010); Mean temperature: 12.8 o C to 27.7 o C; Economic growth: 6.78% in 2010
National GHG Inventory Reports Asia Least-cost Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Strategy, GHG inventory: 1993 1 st National Communication, GHG inventory: 1994 2 nd National Communication, GHG inventory: 2000
GHG Inventory for 2000 Sectors: Energy, Industrial processes, Agriculture, LULUCF, Waste GHGs: CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O. LULUCF Waste Unit: Tg CO 2 e Energy Industrial Process Agriculture Total emissions in 2000 amounted to 151 Mtco 2 e
Emissions from energy Emissions from LULUCF Emissions from agriculture
National GHG Emission Projection Sector 2010 2020 2030 Energy 113 251 471 Agriculture 65.8 69.5 72.9 LULUCF -9.7-20.1-27.9 Total 169 300 516 Unit: million tonnes of CO 2 e GHG emission projections
Mitigation Options Energy Agriculture LULUCF Option Mitigation potential (million CO 2 ) Incremental cost (million US$) Mitigation cost (US$/tCO 2) E1. Innovative coal stoves 25.3-81.8-17.4 E2. Replacing coal with LPG in household cooking 22.0 97.5 23.8 E3. High-efficiency refrigerators 7.3 16.5 12.3 E4. Energy-saving compact fluorescent light bulbs 23.4-35.6-8.2 E5. High-efficiency air conditioner 9.9-8.1-4.4 E6. Solar water-heating appliances 13.9-16.0-6.2 E7. High-efficiency electric motors 15.5-71.5-24.9 E8. Innovative brick kilns 14.2-13.4-5.1 E9. Switching from DO to CNG in transportation 2.1-3.6-14.1 E10. LPG-fuelled cabs 3.3-4.5-11.0 E11. Using high-press sodium lamps in public lighting 2.9-12.0-22.8 E12. Switching from coal-fired to LNG thermal power 16.0 48.5 15.1 E13. Small-scale hydropower replacing coal thermal power 15.3-21.1-7.2 E14. Wind power replacing coal-fired thermal power 14.2 28.4 16.2 E15. Rice husk power replacing coal thermal power 6.9 5.7 6.6 Total 192.2 Source: Second National Communication of Vietnam to the UNFCCC (2010) 7
Mitigation Options Energy Agriculture LULUCF Cost of emission reduction initiatives curve for 15 mitigation options in energy Source: Second National Communication of Vietnam to the UNFCCC (2010)
Energy Agriculture LULUCF Several agricultural targets Mitigation Options Target 2010 2020 2030 Agricultural soils (%) 26.6 26.6 26.6 Wet-seeded rice area 7.1 6.8 6.6 (million ha) Maize area 1.2 1.5 1.6 (million ha) Dairy cattle 200.0 490.0 735.0 (thousand head) Buffalo and beef cattle 9.5 12.9 16.4 (million head) Contribution to GDP (%) 17.0 13.0 Source: Second National Communication of Vietnam to the UNFCCC (2010)
Mitigation Options Energy Agriculture LULUCF Option A1. Biogas replacing cooking coal in lowlands A2. Biogas replacing cooking coal in mountain areas A3. Rice paddy field water drainage in the Red River Delta A4. Rice paddy field water drainage in the South Central Coast Mitigation reduction (in CO 2 e) Incremental cost (million US$) Mitigation cost (US$/tCO2) 17.4 0.122 4.1 5.2 0.086 9.7 21.9 0.128 5.2 4.1 0.032 7.0 A5. MUB cattle feeds 7.9-0.196-10.9 Total 56.5 Source: Second National Communication of Vietnam to the UNFCCC (2010)
Mitigation Options Energy Agriculture LULUCF Cost of emission reduction initiatives curve for 5 mitigation options in agriculture Source: Second National Communication of Vietnam to the UNFCCC
Mitigation Options Energy Agriculture LULUCF Option F1. Protection and sustainable management of existing production forest areas F2. Conservation of existing protection forests Period Mitigation potential Mitigation cost (million tones CO 2 ) (US$/tone of CO 2 ) 40 904 1.36 40 1,153 0.77 F3. Reforestation of large timber 40 80 0.38 forests in conjunction with natural regeneration F4. Planting long-rotation large 40 271 0.55 timber trees F5. Planting fast-growing trees 15 296 0.81 for lumber F6. Planting short-rotation 15 176 1.38 pulpwood forest F7. Growing long-rotation nontimber 40 117 0.48 product forest F8. Planting melaleuca forest on 15 25 0.59 alkaline wetlands Source: Second National Communication of Vietnam to the UNFCCC (2010)
Mitigation Options Energy Agriculture LULUCF Cost of emission reduction initiatives curve for 5 mitigation options in LULUCF Source: Second National Communication of Vietnam to the UNFCCC
The context of NAMA NAMA emerged from the Bali Action Plan (2007) 2 nd commitment of the Kyoto Protocol for 2013 2017; Additional responsibility of NAI countries agreed in Durban; (Decision 2/CP.17) Preparation of GHG inventory for 2005&2010; Draft green growth strategy; By o4/2012, 107 CDM projects registered to EB; REDD+ and NAMAs need MRV system 2 NAMA projects in cement and waste sectors 9 feasible projects under Bilateral Credit Offset Mechanism with Japan. International context Vietnam context
NAMAs projects in Vietnam Pilot programme for supporting up-scaled mitigation action in Vietnam s cement sector under the Nordic Partnership Initiative Vietnam-Japan Capacitybuilding Cooperation and Joint Study Project for NAMAs in waste sector in a MRV manner
Pilot programme for supporting up-scaled mitigation action in Vietnam s cement sector (sponsored by the Nordic Partnership Initiative) Period: June 2012 June 2014 Implementing agency: Ministry of Construction; Ministry of Investment and Planning; Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; Ministry of Industry and Trade. Overall objective: to strengthen Vietnam s ability to prepare, propose and implement a full-scale scheme of clearly specified NAMAs in the cement sector
Pilot programme for supporting up-scaled mitigation action in Vietnam s cement sector (sponsored by the Nordic Partnership Initiative) Key readiness activities: Collection of up-to-date data on emission reduction potential; Capacity to develop baseline emission projections; Capacity to estimate (emission reduction) impact of mitigation actions; MRV system of international standard; Identification of barriers to mitigation action, and proposals for addressing them; Identification of appropriate support instruments for mitigation action, including identification of potential sources of financing for support, mechanism for funding, criteria for support, and MRV needs; and Relevant institutional arrangements, capacity building and training for all of the above.
Pilot programme for supporting up-scaled mitigation action in Vietnam s cement sector (sponsored by the Nordic Partnership Initiative) Design stage Baseline and Options Study Consultation stage Readiness stage Readiness Plan of the targeted mitigation actions Training, capacity building, support scheme design and a set of Final Reports
NAMAs projects in Vietnam Pilot programme for supporting up-scaled mitigation action in Vietnam s cement sector under the Nordic Partnership Initiative Vietnam-Japan Capacity-building Cooperation and Joint Study Project for NAMAs in waste sector in a MRV manner
Vietnam-Japan Capacity-building Cooperation and Joint Study Project for NAMA in waste sector in a MRV manner Period: July 2012 February 2013 Implementing agencies: Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IMHEN); Vietnam Environmental Agency (VEA); International Cooperation Department (ICD); Department of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change (DMHCC) Overall objective: to enhance the capacity of Viet Nam in the preparation, proposing and implementation of NAMAs in waste sector in order to attract the international aids through the carbon market and other assistance mechanisms
Vietnam-Japan Capacity-building Cooperation and Joint Study Project for NAMA in waste sector in a MRV manner Key activities: Identify Baseline and NAMA scenario in waste sector; Draft Domestic Guidelines for a NAMA Selection in the waste sector Draft Domestic Guidelines for MRV of NAMAs in the waste sector Draft a Proposal of a Modality for Domestic Institutional Arrangement for NAMA implementation in the waste sector To collect information on technologies to be employed in the waste sector.
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