Energy Code Basics for Residential Buildings Presented by Newport Ventures
Course Overview / Introduction 1. Overview of definitions and compliance changes 2. Building envelope requirements including air leakage 3. Mechanical systems requirements including duct leakage 4. Lighting: what s new and how best to implement 5. Compliance paths, a brief overview 6. Summary of challenges and energy impacts
Definitions Section 202 ERI Reference Design Roof Recover Conditioned Space Insulated Siding Continuous Insulation OVERVIEW
Compliance Paths R401.2 Prescriptive Sections R402 R404 Mandatory Items OR Performance Section R405 OR Energy Rating Index Section R406 OVERVIEW
BUILDING ENVELOPE Insulation Mandatory Requirements, Specific Requirements, Insulation Concepts Windows Prescriptive Alternatives Air Barrier/Air Sealing Vapor Barrier
Prescriptive Building Thermal Envelope Options R value Table R402.1.2 Component Insulation as Labeled Standard Products and Approaches U factor alternative Table R402.1.4 Tested Assembly U factor Alternative Approaches and Materials Total UA alternative Section R402.1.5 Whole Building Area weighted Average U factor BUILDING ENVELOPE
Insulation Table 402.1.2 (See Workbook, page 12) Climate Zone Ceiling R Value Wood Frame Wall R Value Mass Wall R Value Floor R Value Basement Wall R Value Slab R Value & Depth Crawl Space Wall R Value 4 38 13 5/10 19 10/13 10, 2ft 10/13 5 38 20 or 13+5 13/17 30 10/13 10, 2ft 10/13 6 49 20 or 13+5 15/19 30 15/19 10, 4 ft 10/13 Climate Zone Ceiling R Value Wood Frame Wall R Value Mass Wall R Value Floor R Value Basement Wall R Value Slab R Value & Depth Crawl Space Wall R Value 4 49 20 or 13+5 8/13 19 10/13 10, 2ft 10/13 5 49 20 or 13+5 13/17 30 15/19 10, 2ft 15/19 2010 ECCCNYS 2015 IECC 6 49 20+5 or 13+10 15/20 30 15/19 10, 4 ft 15/19 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Prescriptive and Mandatory Insulation Requirements Prescriptive Mandatory Primary Purpose R value & U factor Tables Table 402.1.2 & 402.1.4 Some Installation Details (R402.2) Installation Details Air Barrier and Insulation Installation 402.4.1.1 Separate Conditioned & Unconditioned Space Act as Building s Thermal Barrier BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Installation Details Table R402.4.1.1 General Requirements Floors Ceiling/Attic Walls Rim Joists Crawl Space Walls Plumbing and Wiring Narrow Cavaties Shower/Tub on Exterior Wall Recessed Lighting BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Air Permeable Insulation Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Drop ceilings and Soffits Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Stud Corners and Headers Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Exterior Wall Insulation Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Floors Over Unconditioned Space Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Rim Joists Table R402.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Floors Over Unconditioned Space Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Crawl Space Walls Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Narrow Stud Cavities Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Recessed Lighting Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Plumbing and Wiring Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Insulation Requirements Shower/Tub on an Exterior Wall Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Prescriptive Ceilings w/ Attics Ceilings w/o Attics Eave Baffle Access Hatches/Doors Mass Walls Steel Frame Ceilings, Walls w/ Partial Floors Walls, and Floors Structural Sheathing Basement Walls Slab on Grade Crawl Space Walls Sunroom Insulation BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Raised Heel Trusses R402.2.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Ceilings without Attics R402.2.2 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Eave Baffles R402.2.3 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Access Hatches and Doors R402.2.4 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Mass Walls R402.2.4 CLIMATE ZONE MASS WALL R VALUE 1 3/4 2 4/6 3 8/13 4 except Marine 8/13 5 and Marine 4 13/17 6 15/20 7 and 8 19/21 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Steel Framing Walls, Ceilings, and Floors R402.2.4 Wood Frame R Value Requirement Steel Truss Ceilings Cold Formed Steel Equivalent R Value R 30 R 38 or R 30 +3 or R 26 + 5 R 38 R 49 or R 38 + 3 R 49 R 38 + 5 Steel Joist Ceilings R 30 R 38 in 2x4, or 2x6, or 2x8 R 49 any framing R 38 R 49 2x4, or 2x6, or 2x8, or 2x10 Steel Framed Walls R 13 R 13 + 4.2, or R 19 + 2.1, or R 21 + 2.8, or R 0 + 9.3, or R 15 + R 3.8, or R 21 + 3.1 R 13 + 3 R 0 + 11.2, or R 13 + 6.1, or R 15 + 5.7, or R 19 + 5, or R 21 + 4.7 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Floors R402.2.9 BUILDING ENVELOPE
10 Feet Specific Insulation Requirements Insulating Basement Walls R402.2.9 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Slab Edge Insulation Details R402.2.10 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Insulating Crawl Space Walls R402.2.11 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Specific Insulation Requirements Sunroom Insulation R402.2.11 Ceiling Insulation Zones 1 4 R 19 Zones 5 8 R 24 Wall Insulation All zones R 13 Fenestration U Factor Zones 4 8 0.45 Skylight U Factor Zones 4 8 0.70 BUILDING ENVELOPE
BUILDING ENVELOPE Insulation Windows Prescriptive Alternatives Air Barrier/Air Sealing Vapor Barrier
Prescriptive Requirement Table R402.1.2 (See Handout) Climate Zone Fenestration U factor Skylight U Factor SHGC 4 0.35 0.60 NR 5 0.35 0.60 NR 6 0.35 0.60 NR Climate Zone Fenestration U factor Skylight U Factor SHGC 4 0.35 0.55 0.40 5 0.32 0.55 NR 6 0.32 0.55 NR 2010 ECCCNYS 2015 IECC BUILDING ENVELOPE
NFRC Testing and Labeling R303.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Prescriptive Window Flexibility R402.3.1 & R402.3.2 Area weighted average SHGC And Dynamic Glazing (R402.3.2) Area weighted average U factors (R402.3.1) BUILDING ENVELOPE
Exemptions R402.3.3, R402.3.4 and 402.3.5 Glazed Fenestration Exemption R402.3.3 15 square feet Opaque Door Exemption R402.3.4 One side hinged door 24 square feet Sunroom Fenestration R402.3.5 Thermally Isolated from Conditioned Space Max U 0.45 Max SHGC 0.70 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Window Requirements Fenestration Air Leakage R402.4.3 BUILDING ENVELOPE
BUILDING ENVELOPE Insulation Windows Prescriptive Alternatives Air Barrier/Air Sealing Vapor Barrier
U factor Alternative R402.1.4, Table 402.1.4 (See Handout) Climate Zone Ceiling U Factor Wood Frame Wall U Factor Mass Wall U Factor Floor U Factor Baseme nt Wall U Factor Crawl Space Wall U Factor 4 0.030 0.082 0.141 0.047 0.059 0.065 5 0.030 0.057 0.082 0.033 0.059 0.065 6 0.026 0.057 0.060 0.033 0.050 0.065 Climate Zone Ceiling U Factor Wood Frame Wall U Factor Mass Wall U Factor Floor U Factor Baseme nt Wall U Factor Crawl Space Wall U Factor 4 0.026 0.060 0.098 0.047 0.059 0.065 5 0.026 0.060 0.082 0.033 0.050 0.055 6 0.026 0.045 0.060 0.033 0.050 0.055 2010 ECCCNYS 2015 IECC BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Window Requirements Maximum U factor/shgc When Using Total UA or Performance Paths R402.5 Mandatory Limits to R402.1.5 Total UA Alternative and R405 Simulated Performance Alternative Climate Zone Max Area Weighted Window U Max Area Weighted Skylight U 4 0.48 0.75 5 0.48 0.75 6 0.40 0.75 NYERSDA ENERGY CODE TRAINING BUILDING ENVELOPE
BUILDING ENVELOPE Insulation Windows Prescriptive Alternatives Air Barrier/Air Sealing Vapor Barrier
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements R402.4 All Homes MUST Be Tested 3 Air Changes Per Hour at 50 Pa Pressure OR BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Barrier Requirements Continuous Ceiling/Attic Walls Rim Joists Garage Floors Crawl Space Walls Recessed Lighting Shower/Tub Windows, Skylights, Doors Shafts, Penetration Plumbing/ Electrical HVAC Registers Concealed Sprinklers BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Continuous Air Barrier Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Ceilings/Attics: Attic Access Table R402.4.1.1 Building America Solution Center BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Ceilings/Attics: Dropped Ceilings/Soffits Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Walls: Knee Walls Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Walls: Top Plates Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Walls: Sill Plates Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Windows, Skylights and Doors Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Rim Joists Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Floors: Exposed Edges of Floor Insulation Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Crawl Space Walls: Unvented Crawl Spaces Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Shafts, Penetrations Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Garages Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Air Leakage Mandatory Requirements Recessed Lighting R402.4.5/Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Air Leakage Mandatory Requirements Plumbing and Electrical Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
T R S O P RE W U E T N N E V Air Leakage Mandatory Requirements Shower/Tub on an Exterior Wall Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Air Leakage Mandatory Requirements HVAC Register Boots Table R402.4.1.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Fireplace Dampers R402.4.2 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Air Leakage Mandatory Requirements Accounting for Combustion Appliances R402.4.4 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Mandatory Air Leakage Requirements Common Walls NYS Supplement R402.4.6 BUILDING ENVELOPE
NYS Supplement R402.4.1.3 and R402.4.1.3.1 Multifamily Air Leakage Testing Options Standard Measurement All Detached Houses 3 ACH 50 Buildings with 2 or more Dwelling Units Attached 0.3CFM50/Sq Ft Buildings with More than 7 Units Attached 0.3 CFM50/Sq Ft Enclosure Surface Area Volume Enclosure Surface Area First 7 Units then 1/7 BUILDING ENVELOPE
Air Sealing Best Practices Table R402.4.1.1 + Have a Plan Table R402.4.1.1+ Scopes of Work Identify air barrier and include on plans If the builder doesn t know where the air barrier is, they won t meet 3ACH50 Seal all areas required by code Look for other problem spots, technology Solutions Decide who is responsible Onsite quality control BUILDING ENVELOPE
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND HOT WATER Duct Installation and Testing Equipment Sizing Mechanical Ventilation and Controls Hot Water
Duct Requirements and Flexibility Duct Testing R403.3.3 Post construction Test Rough in Test MECHANICAL
Duct Requirements and Flexibility Duct Leakage R403.3.4 NYSERDA ENERGY CODE TRAINING Duct Testing Mandatory Not Applicable Prescriptive Target 4 CFM 25 Not Applicable Ducts in Conditioned Space Exempt MECHANICAL
Duct Requirements and Flexibility Duct Insulation R403.3.1 Location Unconditioned Attic Other Unconditioned Space Conditioned Space Size 3 + <3 3 + <3 Any Insulation R8 R6 R6 R4.2 NA MECHANICAL
Exemptions for Ducts Inside Building Thermal Envelope R403.3.1 and R403.3.3 MECHANICAL
Mandatory Duct Requirements Building Cavities Prohibited as Ducts or Plenums R403.3.5 No More Panned Returns! MECHANICAL
T R S O P RE W U E T N N E V Mandatory Duct Requirements Building Cavities Prohibited as Ducts or Plenums R403.3.5 MECHANICAL
Mandatory Duct Requirements Building Cavities Prohibited as Ducts or Plenums R403.3.5 Newport Ventures MECHANICAL
Mandatory Duct Requirements Sealing Ducts/Air Handlers/Filter Boxes R403.3.2 MECHANICAL
Duct Concepts Installation MECHANICAL
Duct Concepts Installation NYSERDA ENERGY CODE CONCEPTS MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND HOT WATER Duct Installation and Testing Equipment Sizing Mechanical Ventilation and Controls Hot Water
Mandatory HVAC Requirements (See Workbook, page 13) Equipment Sizing and Efficiency Rating R403.7 ACCA Manual J Calculates Heating and Cooling Load of Home ACCA Manual S Matches Appropriate Size of Equipment for Load MECHANICAL
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Equipment Sizing and Efficiency Rating R403.7 Consequences of Oversized Equipment Short Cycling Reduced Equipment Life Increased First Cost for Equipment Consequences of Undersized Equipment Equipment Struggles to Maintain Setpoints Reduced Equipment Life Comfort Complaints Moisture & Humidity Concerns Backup Heat MECHANICAL
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Equipment Sizing and Efficiency Rating R403.7 MECHANICAL
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Equipment Sizing and Efficiency Rating R403.7 MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND HOT WATER Duct Installation and Testing Equipment Sizing Mechanical Ventilation and Controls Hot Water
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Mechanical Ventilation R403.6 All Homes 5ACH50 or Tighter Must Have Whole House Mechanical Ventilation Per IRC All New Homes in NYS Must Be 3ACH50 or Tighter All New Homes in NYS Must Include Whole House Mechanical Ventilation MECHANICAL
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Exhaust Ventilation Option Exhaust Only Inexpensive Easy to Design and Install Correctly Still Pulls Fresh Air Through Infiltration MECHANICAL
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Supply Ventilation Option Supply Only Inexpensive Easy to Design and Install Correctly Still Pushes Old Air Out Through Building Envelope MECHANICAL
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Semi Balanced Ventilation Option Semi Balanced More Expensive Harder to Design and Install Correctly Controls both Exhaust and Supply MECHANICAL
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Exhaust Ventilation Option Balanced Heat Recovery Ventilator or Energy Recovery Ventilator Most Expensive Hardest to Design and Install Efficient Option that Controls both Exhaust and Supply MECHANICAL
2015 IRC M1503.4 Kitchen Makeup Air >400 CFM Makeup Air Required Gravity or Electric Damper Same Room or Duct Systems to Room MECHANICAL
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Controls R403.1, R403.9 R403.11 Thermostat R403.1 Programmable Preset Pool/Spa Heaters R403.1 R403.11 On/off switch Timer Vapor Retardant Cover Snow/Ice Melt Systems R403.9 Automatic Shutoffs Based on Temperature MECHANICAL
Mandatory HVAC Requirements Mechanical Piping Insulation R403.4 Mechanical System Piping Required for pipe hotter than 105 F or cooler than 55 F R 3 Piping Insulation Mandatory MECHANICAL
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND HOT WATER Duct Installation and Testing Equipment Sizing Mechanical Ventilation and Controls Hot Water
Hot Water Requirements Pipe Insulation R403.5.3 R 3 Insulation Required If: Pipe is larger than ¾ diameter Pipe to more than one dwelling unit Pipe outside conditioned space Pipe from the water heater to distribution manifold Pipe located under floor slab Buried pipe MECHANICAL
Mandatory Hot Water Requirements Service Hot Water Systems R403.5.1. R403.5.2 Hot Water Recirculation System Not Mandatory If Installed, Controls Mandatory Demand Control Only Heat Trace System Not Mandatory If Installed, Controls Mandatory Temperature Shutoff MECHANICAL
LIGHTING Mandatory Requirements High Efficacy Lighting LED Demonstration Study
Mandatory Lighting Requirements R404 Mandatory 75% High Efficacy Efficient Lamps (Bulbs) Efficient Fixtures LIGHTING
Efficacy Requirements Lumens Lumens measure how much light you are getting from a bulb. Efficacy More lumens = brighter light Measures efficiency Higher number = more efficient Efficacy Requirements Lamp Wattage Efficacy >40 Watts 60 Lumens/Watt 15 40 Watts 50 Lumens/Watt <15 Watts 40 Lumens/Watt LIGHTING
High Efficacy Lighting CFLs LEDs Linear Fluorescents Incandescent Halogens LIGHTING
High Efficacy Lighting Comparing Lighting Options Incandescent Halogen CFL LED Lumens (Brightness) Efficacy (Lumens/Watt) Lumens 800 800 800 800 Measures efficiency Higher number = more efficient Watts 60 43 13 10 Efficacy (Lumens/Watt) Life Expectancy Does not meet high efficacy requirements 13 18 61 80 1,000 Hours 1,000 3,000 Hours 10,000 Hours 50,000 Hours LIGHTING
COMPLIANCE OPTIONS Simulated Performance Alternative R405 (Performance) Energy Rating Index Compliance Alternative R406 Compliance Documentation
Mandatory Requirements Certificate R401.3 Air Barrier R402.4 Air Tightness Test and Target R402.4.1 Duct Sealing & Location R403.3.2 R403.3.5 Duct Testing R403.3.3 Mechanical Pipe Insulation R403.4 Efficient Lighting R404 Some Controls R403.1 Some Controls R403.5.1 R403.5.2 R403.8 403.11 Maximum Window U & SGHC R402.5 Mechanical Ventilation R403.6 Manual J & Manual S R403.7 COMPLIANCE
Simulated Performance Alternative Flexibility R405 Prescriptive Requirements Mandatory Requirements COMPLIANCE
Simulated Performance Alternative Limits R405 Duct Insulation HVAC Hot Water Thermostat COMPLIANCE
Software R405.4, R101.5, R101.5.1 (See workbook, page 14) DOE Software (REScheck) Other Software Approved by NY Secretary of State Likely REM/Rate and REM/Design COMPLIANCE
Examples and Benefits of R405 Some Flexibility Several Windows Missing NFRC Sticker Forced to Use Defaults Builder Wants to Avoid Pipe Insulation on ¾ Pipes Energy Cost Must be Equal Adds Additional Attic Insulation Uses 100% efficient Lighting COMPLIANCE
COMPLIANCE DETAILS AND OPTIONS Simulated Performance Alternative R405 (Performance) Energy Rating Index Compliance Alternative R406 Compliance Documentation
Energy Rating Index R406 Whole House Energy Scale 0 = Net Zero Energy Home Based on HERS Index 100 = 2006 IECC Prescriptive Home Each Point Represents 1% Energy Reduction Relative to 100 COMPLIANCE
Energy Rating Index R406 COMPLIANCE
Maximum Energy Rating Index by Climate Zone Table 406.4 Climate Zone ERI % Better than 2006 IECC 4 54 46% 5 55 45% 6 54 46% Much More Stringent Efficiency Target than Existing Compliance Paths COMPLIANCE
ERI Minimums 2009 IECC Insulation & Windows Climate Zone Fenestration U Factor Sky Light U Factor Glazed Fenestration SHGC Ceiling R Value Wood Frame Wall R Value Mass Wall R Value Floor R Value Basement Wall R Value 20 or 4 0.35 0.60 0.55 0.40 49 38 13 8/13 5/10 19 10/13 13+5 5 0.35 0.32 0.60 0.55 NR 49 38 6 0.35 0.32 0.60 0.55 NR 49 20 or 13+5 20 + 5 20 or or 13+10 13+5 Slab R Value & Depth 10, 2 ft Crawl Space Wall R Value 10/13 10, 13/17 30 15/19 10/13 15/19 10/13 2 ft 15/19 15/20 30 15/19 10, 4 ft 15/19 10/13 COMPLIANCE
COMPLIANCE DETAILS AND OPTIONS Simulated Performance Alternative R405 (Performance) Energy Rating Index Compliance Alternative R406 Compliance Documentation
Compliance Documentation by Compliance Path Prescriptive Energy Details on Construction Documents Material Documentation Calculation for Prescriptive Tradeoffs (if applicable) Performance (Section R405) Energy Details on Construction Documents Material Documentation Permit Compliance Report C of O Compliance Report Energy Rating Index (Section R406 Energy Details on Construction Documents Material Documentation Permit Compliance Report C of O Compliance Report COMPLIANCE
Common Compliance Issues Envelope Air Leakage 3 ACH50 Air Sealing Details Missing Duct Leakage 4CFM25 Not Sealing all Seams Insulation Wall Insulation Poor Installation R Value Options Townhome Common Wall Ceiling Poor Installation Slab Insulation Location Lighting Missing High Efficacy Lamps CONCLUSIONS
Resources Free online Energy Code Training www.nyserdacodetraining.com Building Techniques for Code Compliance Energy Code Hotline Call (518) 377 9410 or e mail codecoach@newportventures.net Free Plan Review and Inspection Services Call 585 512 2000 or e mail planreview@tylin.com Building America Solution Center CONCLUSIONS
Look for more Energy Code training coming soon. www.newportventures.net 22 Jay Street, Schenectady, NY 12305 518 377 9410 Thank You!
NYSERDA Sponsored Training In addition to training on the Energy Code, code officials, architects, planners, engineers, inspectors and others can access NYSERDA sponsored training for technologies that include photovoltaics (solar electricity), solar heating and biomass. Many of the trainings provide continuing education units from AIA, BPI, IAEI and others. For more information, visit the links below. Both the solar heating and biomass courses also are offered online and can earn CEUs. For the NY Sun PV Trainers Network (training for PV): http://ny sun.ny.gov/for Local Government/Local Government Training For solar heating inspection: http://www.solarenergy.org/inspecting solar heating systems new york state/ For biomass: http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/contractors/become a Contractor/Renewable Heat NY Contractors CONCLUSIONS