The Danish Road to Energy Self-Sufficiency Preben Maegaard, Lifetime Member WCRE Chairperson President Emeritus, WWEA, World Wind Energy Ass. Director (ret.), Folkecenter for Renewable Energy MHI-Vestas V-164, 8 MW EUROPEAN SOLAR FORUM Szczecin, Poland, June 22 nd, 2015
2013 hottest year in Australia
December 2013 hottest month in Argentina ever
Brasil: 2013 most precipitation ever
Phillipines 2013: Strongest tropical hurricane over land ever.
The good Message: The Renewable Energy Option is realistic! 2011 to 2014 more Renewable energy was installed world-wide than fossil fuels an atomic enegy together! In 2013 China installed more solar and wind energy than atomic energy and fossil fuels together! All renewable energies have conquered important niche markets. Wind energy now costs half of atomic energy per kwh Being decentralised and fluctuating, renewable energy implies a new supply and demand system challenges ahead are enormous
Unlimited Energy Resources Renewable energy for 5 billion years Hydropower Biomass Power from the sun on earth s surface Wavepower Windpower Human s total energy 10 consumption in 2003
Danish Energy Policy (short): Since 1980 Permission has not been given to build conventional Power Stations: The Consequences have been: 1. High Share of CHP, up to 60% 2. High Share of District Heating, 63% 3. High Share of Wind Energy: In 2014 41% Future Challenges: a. Replacement of 200.000 oil-burners b. Phasing out Coal in Central Power Stations c. Agricultural Waste to be activated d. The Transport Sector to change to Renewable Energy
Main characteristics of Denmark s electricity supply system (1): Till 1980 was 100% dependency on imported oil Diversification of supply was decided including renewable energy Atomic energy first had main priority but all plans were cancelled in 1985 Since 1980 permission has not been given to build new conventional power stations; only for CHP with supply of district heating as main location factor Decentralization of supply got priority Strong AC and DC transmission cables to Sweden, Norway and Germany
Main characteristics of Denmark s electricity supply system (2): High share of CHP, Combined Heat & Power, 60% (European average 10%) 600 locally owned CHP stations below 5 MW using NG or biogas; potential is 25% of power demand; high flexibility for rapid stop and start-up PV 2014, 0,5% Increased use of biomass (wood pellets) in big power stations Low electricity prices (without taxes) due to high share of CHP
Wind Energy in Denmark 1975-2020 First modern wind energy initiatives in 1975: Security of supply Total installed, end 2015 5.200 MW; of this offshore 1.400 MW 2020 wind energy will cover 50% of the demand of power For the month of January 2014 wind energy covered 63% December 22. 2013, 00:56: 127% came from wind energy The renewable energy industry employs 58.000 people of this the wind industry 28.000 people; 90% is for export The challenge of the coming years will be best use of the excess power.
Managing fluctuating power Denmark fossil free by 2050 Denmark has decided to become independent of fossil fuels by 2050. This is backed by an ambitious policy framework as well as a multiple-solutions approach. The ambitious goal will be reached by increasing energy efficiency and expanding the share of renewable energy primarily from wind energy Development of an intelligent energy system capable of managing the fluctuations of solar and wind is necessary. Wind and solar cannot stand alone no matter how innovative and effective it is.
The Supply Doctrine 1. Solar and wind power are in principle unlimited resources. Further development can make wind and solar the primary source for electricity, mobility and heating 2. When there is a surplus of wind and solar electricity it shall replace biomass, hydropower and natural gas. 3. Biomass and hydro power will be the primary back-up storages when wind- and solar energy is not sufficient to cover the need for electricity, mobility and heating.
Denmark s Energy Infrastructure 1985 and 2009 1985 2009 Folkecenter for Renewable Energy
The Supply Doctrine for a fossil-free future 1. Further development can make wind & solar power the primary source for electricity and heating 2. Excess power will be used in local CHP plants and replace biomass and natural gas. 3. Biomass, hydropower and natural gas will be backup storage when wind- and solar energy is not sufficient. 4. Biomass, hydropower and NG are limited resources and should not be used when sufficient solar and wind is available.
Supported by 95% of Danish Parliament 50% Of the Electicity from the Wind by 2020
Danish Government Plan of 22. March 2012
Wind Power: Government Prognoses and Actual Development. Wind Energy in Denmark by 2014: 5.200 MW Folkecenter for Renewable Energy
SHARE OF WIND POWER IN DENMARK: 2007: 18% 2010: 25% 2014: 40% 2020: 50% 2030: 65%
Energy Plan 2012: 50% Wind Power in 2020; later 65%. This involves Balancing of big Amounts of Power
22. Dec. 2013, 0:58 Wind power, 127% of total demand
Denmark, wind power capacity by 2020 Wind power in Denmark by 2020 Type of wind power Year/period Installed capacity, MW Costs/kWh/ -cents Existing, End of 2011 3.900 5-9 Offshore, Anholt 2012 400 14, 50.000 full load hours Onshore 2012-2020 1.800 7½, 22.000 full load hours Near shore (up to 3 km) 2013-2020 500 10½? Offshore 2017-2020 1.000 12-15, 50.000 full load hours Community owned 2012-2020 ------ 5 8 Total 6.600 MW Source: Danish Ministry of Energy, press release
Wind Energy for 200 Years!
2 MW TVIND FROM 1978
Middelgrunden, Denmark 20 x 2,3 MW
National Test Center, Osterild, Thy
World s biggest: MHI-Vestas, 8 MW, rotor Ø 164 meter During testing in Østerild, Thy: Production on Oct 5, 2104; 200.000 kwh
Small Wind 6/10 kw for Rural Households. 1000 since 2011
Folkecenter Small Wind Turbine Test Center
NEXT STEP Integrating wind and CHP
Power Demand and Wind Power Denmark, 2007 and 2015
Applications of Excess Power 1. Stop temporarily the operation of some of the wind turbines 2. Export of power to neighbouring countries 3. New applications of excess fluctuating power: Power-to-Hydrogen; Power-to-Gas; Power-to- Heat, etc.
Northern Europe Offshore Power Transmission
Wind power, 127% of total demand
CHP for Large and Small Cities 3.500 kw 350 kw
Vorupör, 1,8 MW el, 800 Inhabitants
Basic down-regulating technologies Hot water storage Grindsted Boiler 20 MW electric boiler Folkecenter for Renewable Energy
Wind Power for Heating in Hanstholm
Replacement of Fossil Fuels by Wind, Solar and Biomass
Integrated Hydrogen System Source: Total
LOCAL ACCEPTANCE NEEDED! WIND POWER AS A LEVER FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
Local ownership and income generation
Ownership, acceptance, new economy
New trend: Solar Thermal District Heating
Solar District Heating, Denmark 2014
Solar Heating in Denmark, Growth 2006 to 2015 Source: Planenergi
Heating versus Food Will a Thermal Solar Plant take up farm land? The heat storage is located in a gravel pit that has not been used for 50 years. The 26 ha. Where the solar collectors are installed is farm land. In case the need for food in 30 years is more important than for the production of heat from the sun, the 26 ha. can be recovered as farm land. Comparison of energy output per hectar of for solar heating compared with energy crops: Solar Thermal will supply over1.000 MWh/ha Energy Crops will supply 20 to 50 MWh/ha.
Dronninglund 2014 Solar panels 38.000 m2; Storage 62.000 m3, 22% of the heat demand
Marstal Storage under Construction
Marstal Storage under Construction
Marstal Storage Construction completed
Ringkøbing District Heating
Ringkøbing (4)
Vojens To be increased from 17.500 to 70.000 m2, and 200.000 m3 hot Water Storage, largest in Denmark
Folkecenter since1974 had a crucial role in Denmark To inform o To inspire o To involve o To demonstrate o To test o To transfer new technology
The answer..
Tak for opmærksomheden Thank You!