Developing Infrastructure and Operating Models for Intermodal Shift SIAFI 24 APRIL 2007 SANDRA GEHENOT SENIOR FREIGHT ADVISOR

Developing Infrastructure and Operating Models for Intermodal Shift SIAFI 24 APRIL 2007 SANDRA GEHENOT SENIOR FREIGHT ADVISOR

UIC Combined Transport Group (CTG) Study on Infrastructure Capacity Reserves 2015 This investigation comprehensively examined if the capacity of rail network and intermodal terminals in Europe will be sufficient to absorb the growth of international combined transport by the year 2015. Published in June 2004, the full report can be downloaded from the UIC website http://www.uic.asso.fr/tc/study-on-capacity-reserve.html The project was initiated and financed by the UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer), with the participation of the UIRR (Union Internationale des Sociétés de Transport Combiné Rail-Route). The study was carried out by the following team of consultants: Kessel & Partner Transport Consultants, Freiburg KombiConsult GmbH, Frankfurt am Main MVA, Paris

UIC Combined Transport Group (CTG) Study on Infrastructure Capacity Reserves 2015 Corridor Via 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Benelux, Germany, Switzerland, Italy Benelux, France, Switzerland, Italy Benelux, France, Italy Benelux, France, Italy Scandinavia, Germany, Austria Italy Germany, Poland Benelux, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakian Republic Benelux, France, Spain Benelux, France, Spain Germany, France, Spain, Portugal France, Germany, Austria, Hungary France, Hungary United Kingdom, France, Spain United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary United Kingdom, France, Italy United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, Italy United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Italy Italy, France, Spain Bettembourg/Athus, Metz, Basel Bettembourg/Athus, Metz, Modane Paris, Modane Paris, Bordeaux, Hendaye Paris, Dijon, Lyon, Cerbère Cerbère and Hendaye Le Havre/Forbach or Paris/ Basel Switzerland Cerbère or Hendaye Calais, Metz or Forbach Paris or Metz or Modane Metz, Strasbourg or Basel Modane or Ventimiglia/ Cerbère or Hendaye

UIC Combined Transport Group (CTG) Study on Infrastructure Capacity Reserves 2015 MAIN ASSUMPTIONS: Sustained growth of International Combined Transport (ICT) on all corridors Growth differentiated per corridor but average growth for Unaccompanied ICT estimated at 6,8 % per year (less than historical growth of CT) Increase of 20% of the productivity in the use of the Infrastructure by Freight trains: 750 m/ 1 500 Gross Tons on all corridors studied 80% use of the available length Internationally integrated railway paths Return of quality of service to normal levels (85/90% punctuality) All forecast infrastructure investments made by 2015

UIC Combined Transport Group (CTG) Study on Infrastructure Capacity Reserves 2015 International unaccompanied Combined Transport growth projections: 120 100 103,6 80 6,8 % average annual growth rate million tonnes 60 40 8,5 % average annual growth rate 44,1 20 14 0 1988 2002 2015

Utilisation rate of the Railway Infrastructure in 2015 after consideration of planned enlargement investments > 100% 2015: > 173 trains per day and direction 85% - 100% 147-173 70% - 84% 103-146

Main International Rail Lines of Route with Bottlenecks by 2015 Germany Country Main Lines of Route with bottlenecks Hamburg Rhein/Main Köln Rhein/Main Saarbrücken Stuttgart France Metz Dijon Lyon Avignon Paris Orléans Tours Belgium Switzerland Spain Freight corridors from/to Antwerp Greater Basel area Barcelona-Tarragona

Top 25 transport areas by 2015 for international CT Le Havre Rotterdam Antw erp Zeebrugge Paris Basel Taulov Brem erhaven G enk Brem en Duisburg Neuss Köln Ludw igshafen/ Mannheim Novara Milano Lübeck Ham burg Nürnberg Münche n Villach Verona Bologna Po znan Praha W els W ien G raz Ljubljana W arszaw a G liw ice Budapest Madrid Valencia Barcelona Rom a 25 largest areas 9 end-of-corridor transport areas

DIOMIS Key Actions and Objectives In 4 domains : - Railway Network Management - Railway Operations Management - Terminal Management - Accompanying Actions With the objective of : Achieving the productivity gains underlying the conclusions of the Study Encouraging new types of cooperation between all stakeholders in CT Describing and helping to implement optimal capacity management models at terminal level Adapting and improving more effective operating practices in terms of railway operation Describing the benefits of an international approach towards planning and production Integrating the assessments of the IMs Learning to grow Rail Freight traffics on a constrained railway infrastructure An ultimate deliverable scheduled for December 2007 : the DIOMIS CT MASTER PLAN 2015 Budget financed by UIC Work started on January 23rd 2006 The DIOMIS project is documented (objectives, workshops, press releases, reports, etc, ) on the Internet site : http://www.uic.asso.fr/diomis

DIOMIS CT-Masterplan 2015 CT-Wagon technologies CT-Production Forms including long & heavy trains CT-Terminal: Management and Co-ordination Improving the use of available train length Analysis of Domestic CT in selected Countries Periodic Report on Combined Transport in Europe 12/2007 10/2007 7/2007 2/2007 11/2006 11/2006 11/2006

Intermediary Check : the situation of ICT in 2005 First results : confirmation of the trend Million Tons 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00 53,61 + 21.6% 44,1 14,6 10,1-31% 2002 2005 Unaccompanied ICT Accompanied ICT Confirmation of the projections made in 2004

DIOMIS : improving the use of available train length THROUGH: Booking procedures Operational procedures (hub, gateway, multiple departures, short-notice bookings etc. Risk sharing IT based system (Kombiverkehr)

DIOMIS: improving the use of available train length 160.000 Number of international CT trains 2015 140.000 120.000 100.000 80.000 60.000 40.000 20.000 134.900 125.900 + 17,000 trains p.a. 118.000 111.100-19,000 trains p.a. 104.900 99.400 Spared capacity could be transferred into constant output with reduced input, or extended output with constant input 94.400 0 70 80 90 100 Average use of capacity on the train (%)

DIOMIS : improving the use of available train length DERIVED FROM: - Interviews with key operators - Interviews with railways - Interviews with shippers MEASURES ASSESSED IN TERMS OF THEIR: - Applicability - Transferability - Impact on the network ALL IS CONSIGNED IN A REPORT

DIOMIS : impact of the growth of domestic CT Austria Belgium France Germany Italy Switzerland

DIOMIS : impact of the growth of domestic CT Total domestic CT volume by country: 2005/2015 Country Million gross tonnes 2005 2015 Percentage change Austria 3,12 4,85 55,4% Belgium 6,40 13,20 106,3% France 4,63 10,26 121,6% Germany 19,11 41,71 118,3% Italy 12,83 26,65 107,7% Switzerland 4,47 6,16 37,8% All countries 50,56 102,83 103,4%

DIOMIS : impact of the growth of domestic CT Main impact factors on evolution of domestic CT by 2015 "C T -extern al" in flu en c in g fa cto r C o n tin ental C T Im p act o n H in terlan d C T G row th o f w orld trade a nd level of co ntainerizatio n + +++ R einforcem ent of E u ro pean division o f labour - - G row th o f dom estic econom y (p rivate co nsum p tion, in vestm ent) + + + Increase of long-dista nce d om estic freight tra ffic + C om petition b etw e en ports in fluencing se a-sid e conta iner throughput of national sea p orts + / - E nla rgem ent se a port facilitie s, g ood p erfo rm a nce o f operatio ns +++ C ongested port facilities and port-re la te d ra il infrastructure -- C ongested hinterland rail co nnections -- S aturated rail in frastructu re n etw o rk --- --- R estrictions of rail infrastructure (tra in w eight/le ngth; lo ad gauge) --- -

DIOMIS : impact of the growth of domestic CT Main impact factors on evolution of domestic CT by 2015 "CT-external" influencing factor Continental CT Impact on Hinterland CT Extension of hinterland catchment area of container ports + Increase of fuel cost in road transport + + Regulation on truck drivers' resting and driving hours and enforcement of "black box" speedometer +++ ++ Price competition with road and barge + + Beneficial legal framework grants for start-up of services + + grants for terminal investment projects +++ + increased vehicle gross weight ++ ++ tax discounts etc. + +

Rate of the Use of Railway Infrastructure Preview 2015 with inclusion of the impact of Domestic CT Confirmation of the 2004 projection! N o f tr a in s p e r d a y a n d d ir e c tio n o n a d o u b le tra c k e d e le c trifie d lin e > 1 7 3 1 4 5-1 7 3 1 2 1 1 4 4 < 1 2 0 R a te o f e m p lo y m e n t > 1 0 0 % 8 5 1 0 0 % 7 0 8 4 % < 7 0 %

DIOMIS : impact of the growth of domestic CT inland terminal seaport-related terminal 2 million loading units (2015) Base Map: Use of capacity of the European rail network 2015 considering enlargement investments

DIOMIS : report on combined transport in Europe 2005 - Description & explanation of the market -Statistical data -Evolution of market structure -Etc. Size of the market Market positioning of operators Scope of services Level of competition Employment by the sector Revenues from the sector

DIOMIS : Best Practices in Terminal Management Approach: Survey of best practices for CT terminal management in selected European countries through workshops Recommendations on soft management measures using existing capacity in an optimum way, or increase capacity without major investment Foster exchange of capacity management knowledge between European intermodal terminal operators

DIOMIS : Best Practices in Terminal Management Geographic coverage of workshops 79 terminals in 8 countries (AT, BE, CH, ES, DE, HU, IT, NL)

DIOMIS : Best Practices in Terminal Management Flow Factor for use of handling tracks Control of shunting services Supply of road trucking services Extension of terminal opening times Bonus-malus incentives for the use of interim storage space Sophisticated capacity management systems Automated loading unit identification Separation of rail-side and road-side handlings Task management according to pre-notification Punctual rail services

DIOMIS : Best Practices in Terminal Management Summary of measures and actors involvement Main actor and involved parties Improvement measure. Infrastructure Manager Railway Undertaking Intermodal Operator Terminal Operator Customer (Road) Other Capacity impact Increased flow factor + 50-100% Control of shunting service + 5-10% Supply trucking services small Extension opening times 1) + 10-20% Bonus-malus incentives + 5% Capacity management + 5-10% Loading unit identification small Separation of rail-/road-side + 25% Task management pre-info + 5-10% Punctual rail services + 20% 1) Public Authorities, Trade Unions Main Actor Involved Party

DIOMIS Aim is twofold: a) Put the recommendations on the agenda of decisions makers so that they are included in medium term strategies b) Expectations towards IM: Acknowledge the main bottlenecks Assess the Infra measures proposed Assess the cost of relieving the bottlenecks Common understanding of the infrastructure requirements Awareness of the urgency of the problem Integrated international approach for planning the train paths Long(er) trains : at least 750 m on the selected corridors Review the priorities between Freight and Passenger trains.and many others!