Animal Waste Management on Farms and Slaughterhouses in the Black Sea and Danube Basin Tijen Arin, ECSSD Black Sea / Danube Basin Animal waste from livestock farms and slaughterhouses reaches water courses Consequences: Water pollution, eutrophication and associated ecosystem degradation Public health concerns Heightened cost of drinking water treatment 1
Solid Cattle Manure Disposed Along the River Banks in Turkey Another Manure Disposal Method in Romania: -Pile up and burn it and not to use as a crop fertilizer 2
Serbia: Piling of manure on farmyards 1 Serbia: Piling of manure on farmyards 2 3
Serbia Uninsulated Lagoons for Manure Disposal Serbia: Wastewater discharge from A Large Slaughterhouse 4
WB GEF Investment Fund for the Black Sea / Danube Projects in Croatia, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine to properly manage manure Serbia Danube River Enterprise Pollution Control Project also addresses slaughterhouse waste Serbia Danube River Enterprise Pollution Control Project Project effective since Dec 2005 Total cost: $22 m Financing: $9m GEF, $4m SIDA, $9m beneficiary enterprises Implemented by Ministry of Agriculture, strong support by municipalities Main Activities Regulatory Reform (Harmonization with EU Nitrate Directive) Investments (farms and slaughterhouses; grant cost sharing on sliding scale) Training, Capacity Building Water and Soil Monitoring Public Awareness Raising 5
Investment on Farms Main idea: Storage of manure in insulated tanks & application to land based on plant nutrient needs Target is achieve and use this or similar type of construction on farms. 6
Investment in Slaughterhouses Main idea: Separation and disposal of waste according to EU Animal By-products Directive category. 7
Slaughterhouse waste Blood Gut content Solids including ears, hoof and bristle Red water. Restriction on Use of Animal by-products Article 22 Restrictions on use 1. The following uses of animal by-products and processed products are prohibited: (a) the feeding of a species with processed animal protein derived from the bodies or parts of bodies of animals of the same species; (b) the feeding of farmed animals other than fur animals with catering waste or feed material containing or derived from catering waste; and (c) the application to pasture land of organic fertilisers and soil improvers, other than manure. 8
Waste water from slaughterhouses Annex II Ch IX slaughterhouses and Category 2 processing plants shall have a pre-treatment process for the retention and collection of animal material in the treatment of waste water. The equipment shall consist of drain traps or screen with apertures or a mesh size of no more than 6 mm in the downstream end of the process Waste water having passed the pre-treatment process shall be treated in accordance with other relevant Community legislation. Slaughterhouse waste options Slaughterhouse waste options Animal wastes and Slaughtered animals transport wash Blood Category 3 Intestinal content separated Red water Category 2 SRMs, Category 1 Category 2 Pasteurise 6mm screens 70 C > I hour and traps then Storage AD/Compost Soilds category 2 Screened red water treat to sanitary standard for waste water Rendering Category 2 Approval from animal health Further solids Method 1 130C >20 minutes separation e.g. DAF Incineration Liquid to biological treatment nitrification denitrification Sludge to sanitisation Liquid to further aerobic treament Sludge to sanitisation Sanitisation by Approved AD/ Composting Land spread without treatment Discharge below consent limits Land spread 9
Measures for slaughterhouses Minimise the solids content of wastewater segregate intestinal content and land spread install screening to comply with ABPD use settlement and DAF to reduce solids related N and P sludges to digestion or compost then land spread Assistance in Serbia Demonstration slaughterhouses (big) N o Item Unit Unit price Number Value 1 separation of animal manures pcs 3,000 1 3,000 2 additional tank for animal pcs 5,000 1 5,000 manures 3 improved fat traps pcs 4,000 1 4,000 4 water separation of sludge incl. pcs 250,000 1 250,000 screens 5 heat teatment for blood pcs 20,000 1 20,000 6 anerobic digestor(sludge ) m 3 750 90 67,500 7 Slurry tanker pcs 8,000 1 8,000 8 Sludge injector pcs 6,000 1 6,000 9 Composting area pcs 7,000 1 7,000 TOTAL 370,500.00 10
Animal Waste Management - Issues Support for anaerobic digestion? Financial feasibility remains an issue. Landless livestock farms. Where to apply the manure? High transportation costs. Scale of grant support vs. size of enterprise Polluter pays principle? Study on Slaughterhouses in Turkey In progress Part of an ESW on Industrial Pollution Control. Addresses cross-sectoral issues: Waste and WW management in conjunction with municipal plans; Animal health Human health Harmonization with EU Acquis IPPC Directive (BATs) Animal By-products Directive Waste Incineration Directive Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive on the Landfill of Waste 11
Preliminary Findings Need for coordination between environment and agriculture agencies Large export oriented meat industry or those catering for supermarket chains driven by quality concerns Small slaughterhouses less easily controlled Effluent based wastewater charges as economic incentive Improvement needed in waste separation and treatment according to ABPD 12