GIS GIS.

GIS 39 Vol.4, No.2, Summer 202 Iranian Remote Sensing & GIS 75-96 TERRA MODIS 5 4 3 2 * GIS. GIS.2 4.3.5 39/7/29 : 390/9/23 :. LSWI 205 NDVI. (MOD3Q) 250 MODIS 6 NDVI LSWI 205 LSWI 205.. NDVI (390 ) LSWI 205 NDVI ( ) 83.. 80/87 67/2. MOD3Q.LSWI 205 NDVI MODIS : : * Email: abkar@kntu.ac.ir

/ Peng et al., 20; Xiao et al., ).(2005 990 980 5 o 0/5 o.(aselman 989; Matthews 99) 0 (5 arc minutes).(leff, 2004) (TM) 30 ). ( 8 200. (ETM+) 7 (RGVI). 5 2 R =0/97 SLC-Off 2002. (2006). Land Use/Land Cover - IRRI, ).(993; Maclean, 2002 90 20 IRRI, ).(993 0 (Denier Van Der Gon, 2000) (Houghton, 200) Xiao et al., ).(2005 Denier Van Der Gon 2000; ).(FAOSTAT 200 Xiiao et al., ) /.(2005.(Wardlow et al., 2007).. 39 76

TERRA MODIS MODIS 2 EVI NDVI 3 LSWI.. 20 :. Xiao MODIS 40 0.... MODIS 2005 ( ) 200... Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 2. Enhanced Vegetation Index 3. Land Surface Water Index (CBERS) (999).(Han, 2006) TM - JERS SAR.(Okamoto, 999)... Clark et al., ).(200; Nuarsa, 200.(Xiao et al., 2005) The Moderate resolution Imaging ) MODIS (Spectroradiometer.(Huete 2002; Sinkyu 2004).(Peng et al., 20) (2006 2005) 39 77

MODIS 6. 250. 2003 ETM+ SLC-ON SLC-OFF ETM+ 2003 TM 6 432. LSWI 205 NDVI 5 MODIS 6. (MOD3Q) 250 LSWI 205 NDVI. MOD3Q.. Surface Reflectance 2. Early rice 3. Single rice 4. Late rice 5. Vegetation Indices NDWI, LSWI, ) 5. (NDVI, NDSI, NDBSI.. MODIS NDWI EVI MODIS 6. (MOD3Q) (20) (2006 2005) LSWI EVI NDVI MODIS (MOD09A) 500 Peng et al. 20; ).(Xiao et al. 2006; Xiao et al. 2005. 4 3 2. 25 MOD09A 9. 0 ETM+ TM (2003 994) 39 78

TERRA MODIS.(APERI, 390).( ).(APERI, 390) 379..(APERI, 390)... -2 --2 76 36 2 52 E 36 28 N) 28. ( 52 2 390 38450 ( ). 39 79

20 200 H 22 V 05 ) LPDAAChttps://Ipdacc.usgs.gov/( 250 Mob 3 Q. 4 EVI NDVI (620-670nm) (459-479nm) (84-876nm). (205-255nm) MOD 3 Q. (LSWI 205 ) MOD 09) 2 (L2G) 2 (Series 3 Geo-Angle ) -2-2 MODIS --2-2 NASA s Mission MODIS John J. Qu, ) NASA.(2006. MODIS Terra- 2000 22 MODIS 2 Aqua-MODIS.(John J. Qu, 2006) 2002 : 3 MODIS Christopher ).(Justice, 998. /. ( ) (State QA) (File MOD09GQ * 2.(Huete, 2002) 4 6SV MOD3Q 6SV MOD3Q.(Vermote, 2006) 3 Geo- Location EVI NDVI. LSWI 205 6 (84-876nm). Sinusoidal 2. Surface Reflectance Daily Level-2G (MOD09GQ) 3. Pointer File 4. Second Simuaation of the Sensor Signal with Solar Spectrum Bhaskar ).(Ramachandran, 20. MODIS MOD3Q. MODIS (MOD3) EVI NDVI 250 6 000 500 SIN ( 200 200) MOD3Q. NASA S Mission 39 80

TERRA MODIS 7-4 -3-2 -) -8-7 -6-5 ( ). ( :25/000. 2 ( ) -3 --3. ) 3 ) ( ) (. ( 20 00 00. ( : 3. (3 (2 5 4 25 20.(Xiao et al., 2005). Surface 2. Apparent 3. Panicle initiation (205-255nm) EVI NDVI. MOD3Q EVI NDVI LSWI 205 :(Ramon Solano, 200) NDVI NIR RED NIR RED () (2) EVI / ( NIR RED) (L C C ) LSWI205 2 5 2» NIR RED BLUE NIR MIR 205 NIR MIR205 (3) 2 L «C 2 C 6 7/5.(Huete, 996) (DEM) -2-2-2 (DEM) ASTER 30 ASTER GDEM (http://www.gdem.aster.ersdac.or.op/search.isp).. GeoTiff Envi DEM. UTM. -3-2-2 83 390 39 8

2. 2 2 2. EVI. NDVI NDVI LSWI 205 LSWI 205 NDVI NDVI EVI. LSWI 205.(2 ) LSWI 205 LSWI 205. NDVI. NDVI LSWI 205. 5 2..(Xiao et al., 2005) 2..... LSWI 205 EVI NDVI NDVI EVI LSWI 205 ) 389 LSWI 205.(2. 250 MODIS 389.2.( / N, / E ) (MOD3Q) 36267 23 52 24 28 42 39 82

TERRA MODIS. NDVI. NDVI NDVI 0/3792 NDVI. MOD3Q 389 390 3.. ).(5 4. ( ) 3 ( ). ( ) 4. EVI NDVI) 3 (LSWI 205 389 (4 ). LSWI 205 5 9 NDVI NDVI... 5 NDVI LSWI 205..... NDVI LSWI 205 NDVI. ( 32) EVI NDVI. NDVI LSWI 205 NDVI 39 83

.(4 ) 3 389. 390 3. 389 389. 390. NOVI LSWI 205 9) NPVI NPVI (. 0/379.(3 ) ( ) 3 LSWI 205 EVI,NDVI.3.4 NDVI EVI LSWI 205 39 84

TERRA MODIS..(5 ). LSWI 205. EVI LSWI 205 NDVI. NDVI LSWI 205 5 4 ).(6 389 ) LSWI 205 ( NDVI NDVI 390. 6. 390 LSWI 205 3 4 LSWI 205 LSWI 205. LSWI 205 4 ( ) 390 389.5 LSWI 205 EVI NDVI.. 39 85

.6. ). 6 5. NDVI NDVI NDVI. 6 t NDVI NDVI t.(7 ) NDVI 2-2-2-3 5 6-2-3. MODIS :... 6 MOD3Q --2-3 6 5 NDVI LSWI 205. NDVI LSWI 205 4 t. 39 86

TERRA MODIS 4 3 NDVI (8).(8 ) NDVI LSWI 205. Input: (LSWI205& NDVI) :NDVI LSWI205 [ (LSWI205) > (NDVI) ] (t) or (t+) or (t+2) or (t+3) or (t+4) (4) [(NDVI)(t)<(NDVI)(t+)and (t+2)and (t-)and (t+2)] (5) AND [(NDVI)(t+2)>(0.5*Max.NDVI)] (6) Output: Paddy rice Field.7 Input: (LSWI205& NDVI) :NDVI LSWI205 [ (LSWI 205 ) > (NDVI) ] (t) or (t+) or (t+2) or (t+3) or (t+4) (7) (NDVI)(t)< Max (NDVI(t+3), NDVI(t+4)) 0.3792 (8) Output: Paddy rice Field.8 39 87

.. LSWI 205 NDVI. LSWI 205 NDVI LSWI 205. NDVI (9). (9) [NDVI (t5)<lswi 205 (t5)] AND [NDVI (t6) < LSWI 205 (t6)] -3-3-3. NDVI LSWI 205.. NDVI ( ) NDVI 6. 0/6 NDVI. Digital elevation model 2. Japan International Cooperation Agency -3-3 (DEM) --3-3.(Peng et al., 20) (6 o ). 00 500 00 500. 2 (JAICA). (DEM). 000.. -2-3-3. LSWI 205 NDVI 39 88

TERRA MODIS. -2-4 MODIS :25/000 383.( ) Google Earth. 390. MODIS. 383 MODIS ( ). 2. 6 0. / (LAI) NDVI. ) LSWI 205 (. LSWI 205 ( ). 0/5 LSWI 205 0/5 LSWI 205. -4 --4 MODIS ) 390.(0 9.. 39 89

MODIS.9 2 MODIS.0. 39 90

TERRA MODIS.2. (8) (5) 64 48 NDVI... (P/A) MODIS.(Peng et al., 20) MODIS :25/000 2.(3 ). Confusion Matrix 2. Overall Accuracy -3-4 23 83 60..(2 ) 2 67/23. 80/8743. NDVI. (5) NDVI 39 9

( ) MODIS ( ).3 LSWI 205 EVI NDVI.4 NDVI LSWI 205. NDVI LSWI 205 MOD3Q. EVI NDVI LSWI 205 MODIS 32689/9. 39097/4. -5 39 92

TERRA MODIS 20. -6 APERI, 20, Annual Report Crop Cultivation, In. Agricultural Planning Economic & rural Development Research Institute, The Ministry of Jahad-e Agriculture. Aselman, I., Crutzen, P.J., 989, Global Distribution of Natural Freshwater Wetlands and Rice Paddies, their net primary productivity, seasonality and possible methane emissions, J. Atmos. Chem, 8, PP. 307 358. Bhaskar Ramachandran, C.O.J., Michael J. Abrams, 20, Land Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change NASA s Earth Observing System and the Science of ASTER and MODIS, Springer Science. Christopher O. Justice, E.V., Member, 998, The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Land Remote Sensing for Global Change Research, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, 36. Clark, M.L., Aide, T.M., Grau, H.R., & Riner, G., 200, A Scalable Approach to Mapping Annual Land Cover at 250 m Using MODIS Time Series Data: A Case Study in the Dry Chaco Ecoregion of. 4 EVI R 2 LSWI 205 NDVI LSWI 205 NDVI.. MOD3Q... MODIS.. MODIS. 6 8 MODIS 000 500 250 MODIS VIIRS 375 MODIS. Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite 39 93

South America, Remote Sensing of Environment, 4, PP. 286-2832. Denier Van Der Gon, H., 2000, Changes in CH4 Emission from Rice Fields from 960s to 990s:, Impacts of modern rice technology. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,, PP. 6 72. FAOSTAT, 200, Statistical Database of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Han, Y.J., Li, J.P., Zhang, X.Y., Kang, Y.L., 2006, Application of CEBRS in the Investigation of Paddy Rice Area in Ningxia, Agric. Netw. Inf.,, PP. 3-4 (in Chinese). Huete, A., Didan, K., Miura, T., Rodriguez, E. P., Gao, X., Ferreira, L. G, 2002, Overview of The Radiometric and Biophysical Performance of The MODIS Vegetation Indices, Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, PP. 95-203. Huete, A.R., Liu, H. Q., Batchily, K., and van Leeuwen, W., 996, A Comparison of Vegetation Indices Over a Global Set of TM Images for EOS-MODIS, Remote Sensing of Environment, 59, PP. 440-45. IRRI, 993, 993 995 IRRI Rice Almanac, Manila, In: International Rice Research Institute. J. T. Houghton, Y.D., D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, & C. A. Johnson (Eds.), 200, Climate Change 200, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, PP. 239 287. John J. Qu, W.G., Menas Kafatos,Robert E. Murphy,Vincent V. Salomonson, 2006, Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing, Data, Computational Processing, and Tools. Leff, B., Ramankutty, N., Foley, J.A, 2004, Geographic Distribution of Major Crops Across the World, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 8, GB009. Maclean, J.L., Dawe, D.C., Hardy, B., Hettel, G.P, 2002, Rice Almanac: Source Book for the Most Important Economic Activity on Earth, CABI Publishing. Matthews, E., Fung, I., Lerner, J., 99, Methane Emission from Rice Cultivation: Geographic and Seasonal Distribution of Cultivated Areas and Emissions, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 5, PP. 3-24. Nuarsa I.W., F.N., C. Hongo, 200, Development of the Emprical Model for Rice Field Distribution Mapping Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Etm-Data: Case Study in Bal Indonesia, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, XXXVIII. Okamoto, K., Kawashima, H., 999, Estimating of Rice-planted Area in the Tropical Zone Using a Combination of Optical and Microwave Satellite Sensor Data, Int. J.Remote Sensing of Environment, 20(5), PP. 045-048. Peng, D., Huete, A.R., Huang, J., Wang, F., & Sun, H., 20, Detection and Estimation of Mixed Paddy Rice Cropping Patterns 39 94

TERRA MODIS with MODIS Data, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 3, PP. 3-23. Ramon Solano, K.D., Andree Jacobson, Alfredo Huete, 200, MODIS Vegetation Index User s Guide (MOD3 Series), In. The University of Arizona. Sinkyu, K., Steven, W.R., Jong-Hwan, L., Zhao, M.S., Chan-Ryul, P., Rachel, L., 2004, A Regional Phenology Model for Detecting Onset of Greenness in Temperate Mixed Forests, Korea: an application of MODIS leaf area index. Remote Sensing of Environment, 86, PP. 232 242. Vermote, E.F., Kotchenova, S.Y. Ray, J.P., 2006, Atmospheric Correction for the Monitoring of Land Surface, Journal of Geophysical Research. Wardlow, B.D., Egbert, S.L., & Kastens, J.H., 2007, Analysis of Time-series MODIS 250 m Vegetation Index Data for Crop Classification in the U.S. Central Great Plains, Remote Sensing of Environment, 08, PP. 290-30. Xiao, X., Boles, S., Frolking, S., Li, C., Babu, J.Y., Salas, W., & Moore Iii, B., 2006, Mapping Paddy Rice Agriculture in South and Southeast Asia Using Multitemporal MODIS Images, Remote Sensing of Environment, 00, PP. 95-3. Xiao, X., Boles, S., Liu, J., Zhuang, D., Frolking, S., Li, C., Salas, W., & Moore Iii, B., 2005, Mapping Paddy Rice Agriculture in Southern China Using Multi-temporal MODIS Images, Remote Sensing of Environment, 95, PP. 480-492. 39 95