Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect IERI Procedia 8 (214 ) 142 148 214 International Conference on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Environmental Quality Assessment and Trend Analysis of Petroleum in Offshore Area Influencing by Reclamation Mingchang Li a,b,c, * a Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin, 3456, P. R. China b State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 11624, P. R. China c School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 372, P. R. China Abstract Marine environment is an essential aspect for sustainable development and ecologic civilization. Oil pollutant has tremendous damage for marine environment and ecology. So research on the distribution and trend of petroleum has meaningful for guiding the environmental management. In this paper, the distribution and trend of petroleum in marine environment waters and sediments is studied to guide and improve the level of environmental impact assessment in the Caofeidian marine district, Tangshan Bay, China. The natural neighbor grid method and the least squares fitting method are used for the distribution and the trend respectively. The cloud model is applied to assessment single factor environmental quality of petroleum. The research results show that the part of petroleum in marine waters exceeds the forth level of water quality standard. The sediments belongs to the first level of sediments standard. The trend of petroleum is on the rise in marine waters and is on the decline in sediments. The comprehensive level of single factor environmental quality is general in research district. 214 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 214. Published by Elsevier B.V. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3./). Selection and peer review under responsibility of Information Engineering Research Institute Selection and peer review under responsibility of Information Engineering Research Institute Keywords: Marine environment quality; distribution; trend; reclamation; petroleum * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-22-59812345; fax: +86-22-59812389. E-mail address: lmcsq1997@163.com. 2212-6678 214 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3./). Selection and peer review under responsibility of Information Engineering Research Institute doi:1.116/j.ieri.214.9.24
Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (214 ) 142 148 143 1. Introduction With the development of national economy, the marine reclamation and pollutant discharge are aggravated continuously, which result in the environmental pollution and ecological disaster. Especially, so many oil pollutant accidents have occurred in the process of production, transportation and utilization etc. Marine oil spill accident has tremendous hazard for environment and ecology [1]. So the research of petroleum distribution and trend in marine waters and sediments, especially environmental quality assessment is useful for marine environmental management and protection. The research of long-term trend of pollutant is more useful for the environmental situation. The marine environment has been studied widely for recent decades, such as the nutrient [2], the dissolved heavy metals [3], and persistent organic pollutants [4], etc. In this paper, the natural neighbor and Kriging method [5] are used to draw the distribution of petroleum in marine waters. The trend of petroleum in six years is studied by the least squares fitting method. Based on cloud theory, a proposed assessment method [6] is applied to evaluate environmental quality of petroleum. The structure of this paper follows. In Section 2, the research marine district, the distribution and trend of petroleum are introduced and studied. The proposed assessment method with cloud theory is described in Section 3. The assessment method is used to evaluate the single factor carrying capacity of petroleum. Finally, the conclusions are presented in Section 4. 2. Distribution and Trend Analysis of Petroleum The distribution and trend are important information of marine environment to guide the marine management and environmental protection. 2.1. Research marine district The Caofeidian marine district locates in the northwest of Bohai Sea, which is the center of Tangshan Bay. The length of coastline is 17 km. The total area is about 16 km 2. The tide hydrodynamic is controlled by the tidal waves of the Bohai Sea, so the tidal current is complicated [7]. The Caofeidian port has been constructed by reclamation in recent years.
144 Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 ( 214 ) 142 148 Fig. 1. The position of research marine district and three stations Fig 1 shows the position of research marine district and the three gauge stations for trend analysis. The Caofeidian port has been constructed by reclamation from the Fig 1. The blue line is a new planning waterway. 2.2. Temporal and spatial distribution of petroleum in marine waters The distribution of petroleum in marine waters of the Caofeidian district is drawn with the natural neighbor and Kriging method. The six years distribution is shown in the Fig 2.
Pe/ g L -1 Pe/ g L -1 Pe/ g L -1 Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (214 ) 142 148 145.2.2.2.15.15.15.1.5 5 38.85.1.65.64.63.62.5.61.6.59.58.57.56.55.54.535.52.51.5.49.48.47.46.4538.85.44.43.42.49.1.48.47.46.45.5.44.43.42.41.4..38.37.365.35.34.33.32.31.3.29.28.2738.85.26.25.24.51.55.5.495.49.485.48.475.47.465.46.455.45.445.44.435.43.425.42.415.41.45.4.5. (a) 25 year (b) 27 year (c) 29 year.2.2.2.15.15.15.1.5 5 38.85.1.365.36.355.35.5.345.34.335.33.325.32.315 5.31.35.3.295.29.285.28.27538.85.27.265.26.1.32.3.28.5.26.24.22.2.18.165.14.12.1.8.6.438.85.2 (d) 21 year (e) 211 year (f) 212 year.48.47.46.45.44.43.42.41.4..38.37.36.35.34.33.32.31.3.29.28 Fig. 2. The distribution of Petroleum of six years in marine waters Fig 2 shows the distribution of petroleum of six years in marine waters. The high value zone exists in every year, and part of the research zone exceeds the forth level of water quality standard in 211. So the environmental problem of petroleum is significant in this district. 2.3. Trend analysis of petroleum in marine waters The least squares fitting method is applied to construct the trend of petroleum in three stations with six years field data. The trend of three stations is shown in Fig 3. 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 25 27 29 21 211 212 25 27 29 21 211 212 25 27 29 21 211 212 (a) station 1 (b) station 2 (c) station 3 Fig. 3. The trend of Petroleum of six years in marine waters
146 Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 ( 214 ) 142 148 Fig 3 shows the trend of petroleum of six years in marine waters. The biggest values exist in 29, and the trends are all on the rise in the three stations. This shows the environmental quality of marine waters is not optimistic with the development in recent years. 2.4. Trend analysis of petroleum in sediments The least squares fitting method is applied to construct the trend of petroleum in sediments with six years field data too. The trend is shown in Fig 4. 18 16 14 12 1 Pe/ g L -1 8 6 4 2 25 27 29 21 211 212 Fig. 4. The trend of Petroleum of six years in sediments Fig 4 shows the trend of petroleum of six years in sediments. The petroleum in sediments belongs to the first level of sediments standard. The biggest values exist in 27, and the trend is on the decline. But the values in recent four years are on the rise. 3. Environmental Quality Assessment The characteristic of environmental quality assessment is a combined process between assessment factors and assessment standard. In this paper, a cloud theory method is applied to evaluate the environmental level of petroleum in the Caofeidian marine district, and the two assessment standards [8-9] are used to implement it. 3.1. Assessment method Cloud theory [1] is developed based on probability and fuzzy mathematic. Its basic algorithm is to build an uncertainty transformation model for the exchange between concept and quantity. The randomness and ambiguity can reacted in this model, which has been applied to system evaluation, algorithm improvement, decision support, intelligent control, data mining, knowledge discovery and network security [6]. A synthetic assessment method and systematic procedure [6] are utilized to evaluate the environmental quality in this paper. 3.2. Assessment results The water quality and sediments standards are used to evaluate environmental quality listed in table 1. Following the assessment steps [6], the environmental quality is evaluated based on the standard in table 1. The assessment results are shown in table 2.
Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 (214 ) 142 148 147 Table 1 Level standard of assessment index Environmental quality standard Assessment indexes Good (I) General (II) Poor (III) Very poor (IV) Petroleum in waters -5 5~3 3~5 5-Max 1 Petroleum in sediments -5 5~1 1~15 15-Max 2 Note: Max 1 and Max 2 is the max value of water quality measurement data owing to not be obtained by the water quality standard. Table 2 Assessment results Assessment indexes Waters Sediments Comprehensive Environmental quality standard General Good General Table 2 shows assessment results of environmental quality in Caofeidian. The water quality is general and the sediments quality is good. A comprehensive assessment result is calculated by a synthetic method [6], that is general, so the marine environmental management need be strengthened to decline the pollution of petroleum. 4. Conclusion In this paper, the distribution and trend of petroleum in marine waters and sediments is studied in the Caofeidian marine district, Tangshan Bay, China. The research results show that the part of petroleum in marine waters exceeds the forth level of water quality standard. The sediments belongs to the first level of sediments standard. The trend of petroleum is on the rise in marine waters and is on the decline in sediments. The comprehensive level of single factor environmental quality is general in research district. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.512911), the project of Science and Technology for Development of Ocean in Tianjin (KJXH211-17), the Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology (LP118) and the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grants of TIWTE (TKS13215 and KJFZJJ211-1). References [1] Wan B.H. Marine oil spill pollution and harm[j]. Mar. Environ. Sci., 1986;5:52-63. [2] Shi X.Y., Wang X.L., Han X.R., et al. Nutrient distribution and its controlling mechanism in the adjacent area of Changjiang River estuary[j]. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol., 23;14:186-192. [3] Li L.Y., Wang Z.L., Wei X.H., et al. Distribution of dissolved heavy metals in the surface water in the west area of the southern Yellow Sea in winter[j]. Adv. Mar. Sci., 29;27:21-21. [4] Wang Q., Zhang Q.F., Hu Y.C., et al. Distribution and sources of persistent organic pollutants in Bohai Bay[J]. Mar. Environ. Sci., 213;32:271-275.
148 Mingchang Li / IERI Procedia 8 ( 214 ) 142 148 [5] Chen H.H., Li X., Ding W.X. Twelve kinds of gridding methods of Surfer 8. in isoline drawing[j]. Chin. J. Eng. Geophys., 27;4:52-57. [6] Li M.C., Zhang G.Y., Si Q., et al. Synthetic assessment method with cloud theory for marine water quality[j]. Appl. Mech. Mater., 213;295-298:821-826. [7] Li M.C., Liang S.X., Sun Z.C., et al. Optimal estimation for key parameters of the marine quality model using data-driven neural network[j]. J. Mar. Sci. Technol., 21;18:771-779. [8] State Bureau of Environmental Protection, State Bureau of Technical Supervision. Sea water quality standard (GB 397-1997) [S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1997:2 [9] General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People s Republic of China. Marine sediment quality (GB 18668-22) [S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 22:2 [1] Li D.Y., Du Y. Artificial intelligence with uncertainty[m]. Beijing: National Defence Industry Press, 25.