Presented by: USA Biogas

Presented by: USA Biogas

The State of Food Waste in the U.S. 27% of all food that is produced (grown, raised, harvested and marketed) is thrown away. It is estimated that annually over $1.0 billion is spent to dispose of the food. Source: 2001 JRR Recycling Market Development Roundtable 2

Food Waste ~ MSW Decomposition of food wastes in landfills rapidly form leachate and result in methane gas (greenhouse gas). The organic acid leachate created by the decomposition leaches metals from the waste in the landfill Source: EPA Office of Solid Waste, Municipal Solid Waste Fact Sheet www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/facts.htm 3

Food Waste ~ Recycled There are approximately 27.6 million tons of food waste generated with only 2.7% recovered, leaving 26.5 tons going to our nations landfills.

Food Waste Composting ~ Barriers Highly putrescible material making odors a problem. ~ Incoming material must be handled in a timely fashion Due to odors, large capital investment for indoor facilities. Inconsistent regulatory site and operational standards. Low tip fees at landfills make it not economically viable. Operational concerns: ~ Inconsistent daily flows ~ Varying percent solids ~ Site vector control ~ Packaging includes plastics, paper ~ Increasing operational costs due to corrosive environment 5

Food Waste ~ What next? If Land Filling Causes: Environmental concerns ~ Leachate ~ Green house gas production And Composting has: High capital expenditures Rising operational costs Odor potential What can be done with the 26.5 million tons of waste? 6

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ High Solids Major components of high solids AD system: Receiving hoppers for liquid and solids material Digester(s) Gas Storage Combined Heat & Power System (CHPS) Biogas Energy Gas Storage Main Digester Polishing Digester Energy Recovery (CHPS) Biomass Receiving Hopper Digestate Tank 7

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Biological Process whereby organic matter is broken down by microbiological activity and takes place in the absence of oxygen. Biomass Organic Inorganic Fats Fats Sugar Sugar Protein Protein Lignin Lignin Minerals Minerals Biogas Methane and Carbon Dioxide (CH 4 and CO 2 ) Digestate N,P,K 8

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ Control Parameter ADS is a two part process performed by specific groups of organisms. ~ Initially, organic matter is broken down into simple organic compounds by acid-forming bacteria. ~ Next, the methane-formers, breakdown the acids into methane and carbon dioxide. Basic Control Parameters ~ Organic loading rate ~ Temperature 95 o F ~ Mixing ~ Retention time ~ Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C:N). 9

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Digestate Digestion process draws the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from the feedstock leaving essentially the plant nutrients (N,P,K) largely in the digestate. The availability of nutrients is higher in the digestate than in untreated organic wastes. Nutrients are mineralized to allow more efficient plant uptake. 10

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Biogas Content: 60 to 70% methane. 30 to 40% carbon dioxide. Trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia & water vapor. Heat Value: Carbon Dioxide 30% Biogas is 650 Btu per cubic foot. Compared to natural gas at 1,000 Btu per cubic foot. Hydrogen Sulfide, Ammonia & Water Vapor < 5% Methane 65% 11

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Process ~ Traditional Systems Traditional AD Systems are: Low solids, large footprint Mesophilic temperature Long retention times Extensive capital investment 12

Development Development of a German Company

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ Schmack Development 1995: Construction of the first Schmack biogas plant (EUCO brand) in the form of a horizontal steel tank with a capacity of 22kW. 1997: Construction of the first concrete EUCO with a capacity of 160 kw. 2001: Construction of Lower Saxony s largest agricultural biogas plant with a capacity of 800 kw. 2004: Construction of Europe s largest biogas plant based on corn silage with a capacity of 1,065 kw. 2005: Construction of Germany s most modern waste biogas plant with a capacity of 3,000 kw. 14

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ Schmack Development Plant Performance Schmack Biogas AG has been focusing all of its activities on the biogas industry for over 10 years. With a current total of over 130 built plants and an installed capacity of approximately 35 MW, Schmack technology supplies about 70,000 4-person households with electricity around the clock. Your benefits: Standardized design Secure plant technology Biological + technical service Increasing the installed electrical capacity of a plant 136 -fold! 1995: 22 kw 1997: 160 kw 2001: 800 kw 2004: 1,065 kw 2005: 3,000 kw 15

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ St. Veit 16

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) ~ St. Veit Dewatered digested solids Power generation 17

AD System ~ Potential High Solid Feedstocks Other wastes that could benefit from the high-solids AD process: Agricultural waste Human waste Animal waste Yard waste Food waste 18

Animal Waste ~ A closer look The amount of animal waste produced in the US is 130 times greater than the amount of human waste. (Source: US Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry Animal Waste Pollution in America: Environmental Risks of Livestock & Poultry Production) Human vs. Animal Counts ~ Human race (worldwide) 6.4 billion Americans 297 million ~ Swine 103 million (US) ~ Beef cattle 58 million (US) ~ Turkeys 300 million (US) ~ Chickens 7.6 billion (US) (processed each year) (Source: Scripps Howard 1998) 19

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Benefits ~ Environmental Odor reduction by 80%. Enclosed process with a low risk of air and water emissions. ~ In the case of treating animal waste, soil and water pollution reduction. Stabilized waste that has nutrient content. Pathogens are killed. Maximizes recycling benefits. Reduction in greenhouse gases as a result of diversion of the wastes to the landfill. 20

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Benefits ~ Application of Biogas Fuel boilers for heating. Combined Heat and Power Units (CHPU) Produced Electricity and Heat. Fuel for vehicles, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). Fuel for fuel cells. 21

Conclusions Conclusions

Conclusion ~ Land Requirements Example: Treating 92 MG or 15,000 DT Current composting operations are situated on 15 acres with 5 acres under roof. A High Solids AD System would require just over 1 acre. 23

Conclusion ~ An engineered site 24

Thank you for your interest in USA Biogas, world leader in biogas technology. Kurtz Bros. Central Ohio LLC 6279 Houchard Rd Dublin, OH 43016 Schmack Bio-Energy, LLC. PO Box 31023 7624 Riverview Road Cleveland, Ohio 44131 PH:216.986.9999 Fax:216.986.9999 info@schmack Bio-Energy.com www.schmack Bio-Energy.com 25