ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait What Can be Learned From It? Prof. Walid Chakroun Kuwait University Sixth "Zayed Seminar" on Green Economy: Success Stories from the GCC May 8-9, 2013
Today s building designs mortgage our energy future.
Why Are Buildings So Important? World total energy consumption is expected to increase as high as 50 percent in less than a decade. 40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption Buildings are responsible for 38% of total energy use that figure increases to up to 70% in some countries. Source: 2007 Buildings Energy Data Book. Tables 1.1.3, 1.2.3, 1.3.3 3
Fastest Growing Energy Sector 45 40 35 Industrial Transportation Buildings Total 30 Quads 25 20 15 10 5 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Tables 2.1b-2.1f., June 2007
Building Energy Efficiency is the single most important opportunity for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (2007-2008 ASHRAE President Kent Peterson) is the fastest-growing success story of the last 50 years (American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy)
ASHRAE Standards ASHRAE had existing standards for residential and commercial buildings, for residential and commercial ventilation requirements and others
Standard 90.2 The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of residential buildings.
Standard 90.1 Recently established by U.S. Department of Energy as the commercial building reference standard for state building energy codes. States must certify compliance by October 2013 DOE determined 18.5% less building energy use than 2007 standard It was determined to be 30% less building energy use than 2004 standard
Green Building Standard Published in January 2010 Serves as benchmark for sustainable green buildings does not apply to all buildings Addresses energy, impact on the atmosphere, sustainable sites, water use, materials and resources and IEQ www.ashrae.org/greenstandard
ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Kuwait Case Study
The Kuwaiti Government Needed: A comprehensive residential building energy efficiency standard in response to a growing residential energy need A standard that covered the building design and all of its components, including air conditioning and ventilation air
Requirements The ministry requested a standard for use with residential houses Written in simple code language To be developed within six months To be a stand alone standard
The Solution 1. In late 2009, a group of ASHRAE members from the United States and Kuwait University came together to create a version of ASHRAE Standard 90.2-2007 to take into account the differences between existing standards and the needs of Kuwait 2. Existing Kuwaiti building and energy requirement related documents were reviewed, and an outline of the requirements for the new standard was developed
The Solution 3. The appropriate sections of the various existing standards were identified and pulled together to form an outline of a 90.2 Kuwait standard 4. The outline was then further tailored and filled in to meet the needs of the Kuwait residential construction market 5. Specific new materials were developed for the Kuwait standard, such as the requirement for creating a positive pressure environment to control the infiltration of dust
The Solution 6. Upon completion of a first public review draft, it was presented to, and discussed with, a group of Ministry of Energy and Water engineers
The Solution 7. Their input was then factored into a revision of the draft standard, and it was again presented to, and discussed with, a second group of Ministry of Energy and Water engineers 8. Input from the second review was then factored into the final ASHRAE Standard 90.2 Kuwait
The Results ASHRAE Standard 90.2 Kuwait was then published in March 2010, and subsequently presented to the Kuwait Ministry of Energy and Water The project was so successful that the ministry is considering more cooperation with ASHRAE on modifying the school and hospital design guidelines developed earlier by ASHRAE to suit Kuwait.
ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Kuwait
ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings in Kuwait
Standard 90.2 Kuwait Content 1) Purpose 2) Scope 3) Definitions, Abbreviations, Acrony ms, and Symbols 4) Administration and Enforcement 5) Building Envelope Requirements 6) Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning 7) Indoor Environmental Quality 8) Lighting 9) Climatic Data Normative Appendix A Rated R- value of Insulation and Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determinations Informative Appendix B HVAC and Ventilation Systems
2.) Scope This standard provides minimum energyefficiency requirements for the design and construction of: a. new residential dwelling units and their systems b. where explicitly specified: 1. new portions of residential dwelling units and their systems 2. new systems and equipment in existing dwelling units
4.) Administration and Enforcement Scope Administrative Requirements Compliance Paths Compliance Documentation
5.) Building Envelope Requirements Roof Insulation Above-grade Wall Insulation Below-Grade Wall Insulation Floor Insulation Fenestration and Doors
Opaque Elements Table 5.1 Building Envelope Requirements - IP (SI) Units Residential Conditioned Residential Unconditioned Opague Elements Assembly Maximum Insulation Min R-Value Assembly Maximum Insulation Min R-Value Roofs Insulation Entirely Above Deck (Cont. Ins.) U-0.048 (0.273) R-20 (3.5) C.I. U-0.093 (0.527) R-10.0 (1.8) C.I. Walls, Above-Grade Mass (Continuous Insulation) U-0.080 (0.453) R-13.3 (2.3) C.I. U-0.104 (0.592) R-9.5 (1.7) C.I. Walls, Below-Grade C-0.119 (0.678) R-7.5 (1.3) C.I. C-1.14 (6.473) NR Floors OR Mass U-0.087 (0.496) R-8.3 (1.5) C.I. U-0.137 (0.780) R-4.2 (0.7) C.I. Steel-Joist U-0.052 (0.296) R-19.0 (3.3) U-0.052 (0.296) R-19.0 (3.3) Wood-Framed and Other U-0.033 (0.188) R-30.0 (5.3) U-0.051 (0.288) R-19.0 (3.3) Slab-On-Grade-Floors F-0.520 (0.90) R-15 (2.6) for 24 in (60 cm) F-0.73 (1.263) NR Opague Doors All Assemblies U-0.5 (2.839) U-0.5 (2.839) Fenestration Assembly Maximum U Assembly Maximum SHGC Assembly Maximum U Assembly Maximum SHGC Vertical Glazing, 0%-30% of Wall All Assemblies U-0.47 (2.668) SHGC-0.25 U-0.65 (3.695) NR Skylight with Curb, Glass, % of Roof 0%-3.0% all types U-0.75 (4.259) SHGC-0.35 U-1.8 (10.22) SHGC-0.35
6.) Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning New Buildings Additions to Existing Buildings Alterations to Ventilating and Air-Conditioning in Existing Building Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling Requirements Minimum Equipment Ventilation and Air Conditioning System Construction and Insulation
TABLE 6.4 Electrically Operated Air Conditioners, and Packaged Units - Efficiency Requirements Equipment Type (a) Air Conditioners, Air Cooled Size Category (IP) Size Category (SI) Heating Section Type Sub- Category or Rating Condition (IP) Cooling Efficiency <65,000 Btu/h <19 kw Electric Split 7.23 EER or > 65,000 Btu/h and <135,000Btu/h 135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h 240,000 Btu/h and <760,000 Btu/h 19 kw and <40 kw 40 kw and <70 kw 70 kw and <223 kw 7.06 EER or > 7.06 EER or > 6.52 EER or > 760,000 Btu/h 223 kw 6.22 EER or > Through-the-Wall, Air Cooled 30,000 Btu/h 8.8 kw 6.67 EER or > Small Duct, High- Velocity, Air Cooled <65,000 Btu/h <19 kw a - All units shall operate continously at 125F (52C). Resistance (or None) System and Single Package Split Systems 6.67 EER or > (SI) Cooling Efficiency 1.66 kw/ton or < 1.70 kw/ton or < 1.70 kw/ton or < 1.84 kw/ton or < 1.93 kw/ton or < 1.80 kw/ton or < 1.80 kw/ton or < Test Conditions 118.4/80/67 F (IP) 48/26.6/19.4 C (SI) Test Procedure ARI 210/240 ARI 340/360 ARI 210/240
Air Conditioner System Performance Capacity vs. Outdoor Temperature Unit Capacity - Btu/h (000s) 65 60 55 50 45 40 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Outdoor Temperature - F
Air Conditioner System Performance 7 Power vs. Outdoor Temperature 6.5 Unit Power - kw 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Outdoor Temperature - F
Air Conditioner System Performance EER vs. Outdoor Temperature 16 Unit EER - Btu/Whr 14 12 10 8 6 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Outdoor Temperature - F
Air Conditioner System Performance kw/ton vs. Outdoor Temperature 2.1 Unit Performance - kw/ton 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.5 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Outdoor Temperature - F
7.) Indoor Environmental Quality Whole-Building Ventilation Local Exhaust Minimum Filtration Air-Moving Equipment Noise Level
8.) Lighting Installed Interior Lighting Power
9.) Climatic Data Geographical Data Extreme Recorded Conditions Design Conditions
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575 House / AC Unit Performance 60 55 50 Temperature - C 45 40 35 30 Heat Flow - Watts Outdoor Temperature Indoor Temperature 25 20 am Time of Day pm
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575 House / AC Unit Performance 60 55 50 Temperature - C 45 40 35 30 Heat Flow - Watts Outdoor Temperature A/C Unit Capacity Indoor Temperature 25 20 am Time of Day pm
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575 House / AC Unit Performance 60 55 50 Temperature - C 45 40 35 30 Heat Flow - Watts Outdoor Temperature House Load Indoor Temperature 25 20 am Time of Day pm
225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575 House / AC Unit Performance 60 55 50 Temperature - C 45 40 35 30 Heat Flow - Watts Outdoor Temperature House Load A/C Unit Capacity Indoor Temperature 25 20 am Time of Day pm
Questions/Discussion