Precision Agriculture in L. America University of São Paulo José P. Molin PhD, Professor Biosystems Engineering Department jpmolin@usp.br
Populatiom 635 milion Area - 19,197,000 km 2 (13% of the world) www.google.com.br wikipedia.org
Chile There is no (official) numbers available In viticulture adoption is around 60% of the export market companies In horticulture adoption is around 30% of the export market companies In traditional agriculture (grains) maybe 15% or lower The main activities: grid sampling & VRT; expanding images and sensors Stanley Best Agricultural and Bioresources Eng., MSc., PhD. Director Nacional Programa Agricultura de Precisión INIA Quilamapu Agritech Chile, announced last year and presented in this meeting
Chile Agritech Chile Stanley Best Agricultural and Bioresources Eng., MSc., PhD. Director Nacional Programa Agricultura de Precisión INIA Quilamapu
Argentina
(Auto pilots) (VRT controllers) (Yield monitors) (Planter monitors) (Light bars) Bragachini, M (2015)
(Auto pilots) (Yield monitors) (Light bars) (VRT controllers) (Planter monitors) Bragachini, M (2015)
http://www.agriculturadeprecision.org/gacetillas/2013/20131210-argentina-dosis-variable.asp
Paraguai Paraguay agriculture is very similar to Brazil Technical influence is from Argentina and Brazil PA is highly influenced by the neighbors Importing is facilitated We have no data related to PA adoption
Colombia The main area with PA is in Cauca Valley Around 220,000 ha of sugarcane (13 mills), predominantelly furrow irrigated Practices: grid sampling VRT Yield mapping (three mills) www.google.com.br
Mosquera, C.A. (2011)
Mosquera, C.A. (2011)
yield
Our perception For those that are in the first step of PA (countries and regions) PA is presented and offered as just technology The major players are from ag. machinery industry Information & knowledge still in a basic level
Brazil Equator Line Capricornio Tropic Line www.google.com.br
A recent survey done by: Only on grain production! SAMPLING 992 interviews: 429 in the South (1), 415 in the Cerrado (2), 148 in the New Cerrado (3) TARGET GROUP Soy & corn producers (involved on ag machinery acquisition & decision making) TIME From Aug. 31 to Sept. 30, 2013 3 HOW Interview by phone 2 ESTIMATED ERROR Total 3% (1) 5% (2) 5% (3) 8% 1 KLEFFMANNGROUP 17
SAMPLING Municipalities: total area of soy, corn and Soma das áreas plantadas: Soja, Milho Verão. Milho Safrinha e wheat (ha) Trigo (ha) KLEFFMANNGROUP
CROPS: 2012 AND 2013 Data in % of the total sample Soja Soy Milho Corn af/soy Safrinha Milho Corn (1st Verão crop) Trigo Wheat Outras Others Total 2012 99 42 31 14 N=992 2013 99 38 30 13 33 South (1) 2012 99 24 45 29 N=429 2013 98 22 41 28 35 Cerrado (2) 2012 99 67 13 2 N=415 2013 99 59 13 2 29 New Cerrado (3) 2012 99 22 42 N=148 2013 99 24 43 37 KLEFFMANNGROUP
AG. MACHINERY COMBINATIONS Data in % of the total sample TR+PU+PL+CO* TR+PU+PL TR+PL PL TR+CO+PL Outros Others Total N=992 80 17 1 South (1) N=429 68 26 3 21 Cerrado (2) N=415 88 10 1 New Cerrado (3) N=148 89 11 *TR Tractor, PU- Spreyer, PL Planter, CO - Combine KLEFFMANNGROUP
All indications in %.Base: number of machines reported by respondents. Tractors N=4.425 Up to 100 h.p. N=1.542 100 h.p. to 150 h.p. N=1.949 More than 150 h.p. N=934 21 35 44 Sprayers N=1.538 Trailed N=618 Self-propelled N=614 Mounted N=306 20 40 40 Harvesters N=1.686 100 N=1.686 Planters N=2.025 Mechanics N=1.337 Pneumatics N=675 Others N=13 1 33 66 KLEFFMANNGROUP
All indications in %. Based on number of interviews. N = 443 Do you use some technique? N = 992 28 Variable rate seed application 30 Variable rate chemicals application No Yes 55 45 58 Variable rate fertilizer application 79 Soil fertility mapping KLEFFMANNGROUP
All indications in %.Base: respondents who do mapping of soil fertility. N = 443 Do you use some technique? N = 992 28 No Yes 55 45 30 58 Field N = 348 Grid 79 43 57 Soil fertility mapping KLEFFMANNGROUP
GRID SIZE All indications in %. Base: respondents who perform soil fertility mapping by GRIDs. N = 148 Up to 1 1,1-2 2,1-3 3,1-4 4,1-5 6,1-7 7,1-9 Higher than 9,1 Total 16 15 25 5 23 1 14 N=148 South 27 24 22 4 6 2 14 N=49 Cerrado 13 12 24 6 26 11 16 N=68 New MAPITOBA Cerrado 3 7 31 3 45 10 N=31 KLEFFMANNGROUP
EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY N = 374 All indications in %. Do you use some equipment? N = 992 60 55 Autopilot Planting Monitor 36 Lightbar No Yes 62 38 34 Fetilizer or chemical variable rate controller Base: all respondents 31 Harvest monitor 12 Seed variable rate controller 9 Precision farming software or applications KLEFFMANNGROUP
GNSS All indications in %. Yes No 29 71 N=702 Signal N=702 Open signal 88 5 3 3 2 Differential or correction signal N=992 RTK (with ground station) Do not know RTX Base: all respondents Base: Who use GPS KLEFFMANNGROUP
GNSS 1000 to 2000 ha N=178 All indications in %.Base: respondents who have some equipment of precision farming. Open signal Differential or correction signal RTK (with ground station) RTX Others Do not know 4 96 N=171 85 5 3232 2000,1 to 5000 ha N=85 2 98 N=84 71 11 6 8 13 Higher than 5000 ha N=34 9 N=31 73 12 6 6 3 91 KLEFFMANNGROUP
ADOPTION All indications in %. Based on number of interviews. N=434 Technique x Equipment N=992 62 29 Use technique and equipment Only equipment Only techinque 11 26 19 44 17 7 Price Do not see benefits Do not use technique nor equipment 5 Lack of skilled labor Lack of machinery or equipment 10 Complexity Others KLEFFMANNGROUP
ADOPTION intend to invest or continue investing All indications in %.Base: all respondents. No Yes Have the equipment N = 374 21 79 Do not have the equipment N = 618 54 46 Total N = 992 42 58 KLEFFMANNGROUP
ADOPTION intend to invest or continue investing on what? N = 580 All indications in %.Base: all respondents. 5 Precision farming software or applications 10 Autopilot 12 Lightbar 12 Harvest monitor 42 58 15 23 Planting Monitor Seed variable rate controller N=992 Yes No 13 25 34 Fetilizer or chemical variable rate controller Others Do not know KLEFFMANNGROUP 30
ADOPTION Benefits you see All indications in %.Base: respondents who do not have technique or equipment of precision farming. Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming mordenization Use of inputs reduction Services more precise Do not know Lightbar 3 2 1 Total N=29 MAPITOBA N=4 Midwest N=10 South N=15 62 50 60 67 50 55 60 53 25 17 10 10 33 25 10 20 7 7 7 Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Services more precise Practicity Farming Standardzation Do not know Autopilot 3 2 1 Total N=70 MAPITOBA N=11 Midwest N=22 South N=37 57 45 55 62 36 40 45 38 27 20 14 22 18 16 3 4 1 9 23 5 11 5 5 3 KLEFFMANNGROUP
ADOPTION Benefits you see Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Services more precise Practicity Others All indications in %.Base: respondents who do not have technique or equipment of precision farming. Total N=52 58 44 23 17 8 24 Planting Monitor 3 2 1 MAPITOBA N=7 Midwest N=19 South N=26 57 53 62 43 42 46 14 21 29 11 16 27 14 10 19 4 Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Services more precise Practicity Others Do not know Harvest monitor 3 Total N=35 MAPITOBA N=4 25 60 25 50 46 31 50 14 33 6 3 2 1 Midwest N=11 South N=20 55 70 36 55 27 9 18 30 15 5 5 KLEFFMANNGROUP
ADOPTION Q15. Which benefits do you intend to have with each equipment? (supported and multiple) Benefits you see Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Practicity Soil regularity Others All indications in %.Base: respondents who do not have technique or equipment of precision farming. Fertilizer or chemical variable rate controller 3 2 1 Total N=64 MAPITOBA N=10 Midwest N=26 South N=28 35 56 60 75 38 38 12 60 29 16 38 18 30 20 4 8 21 332 44 30 Productivity gains Production costs reduction Farming modernization Use of inputs reduction Practicity Soil regularity Services more precise Do not know Seed variable rate controller 3 2 1 Total N=36 MAPITOBA N=5 Midwest N=13 South N=18 58 60 46 67 31 20 36 23 44 40 22 15 17 3333 20 20 8 17 17 6 6 KLEFFMANNGROUP
REASONS FOR ADOPTION All indications in %.Base: respondents who have some equipment of precision farming Productivity gains Production costs reduction Decrease labor Increase machine efficiency Do not know Others 69 73 68 61 43 41 43 45 21 23 20 16 15 15 13 9 3 2 2 12 24 20 5 20 Total South Midwest New MAPITOBA Cerrado N = 374 N= 101 N= 198 N= 75 KLEFFMANNGROUP
MARKET EVOLUTION All indications in %.Base: respondents who own Lightbar Lightbar N=133 With an agricultural machine 44 56 Yes No Purchase year 11 8 9 5 8 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 11 5 6 8 7 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Não Sabe N = 1 N = 1 N = 2 N = 4 N = 4 N = 1 N = 2 N = 10 N = 5 N = 21 N = 19 N = 27 N = 17 N = 19 KLEFFMANNGROUP
Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) All indications in %.Base: respondents who own Autopilot. Autopilot N=223 With an agricultural machine 78 22 Yes No Purchase year 5% 5% 2% 2% 18% 21% 16% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 0% 3% 3% 6% 8% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Não sabe N = 3 N = 3 N = 2 N = 2 N = 10 N = 11 N = 19 N = 52 N = 59 N = 41 N = 21 KLEFFMANNGROUP
Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) All indications in %.Base: respondents who own planting Harvest monitor. Harvest monitor N=116 With an agricultural machine 89 11 Yes No 2% 1% 3% Purchase year N=103 3% 23% 1% 17% 17% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 8% 10% 1% 1% 3% 3% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Não sabe N = 2 N = 1 N = 1 N = 2 N = 2 N = 5 N = 5 N = 12 N = 22 N = 28 N = 23 N = 13 KLEFFMANNGROUP
Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) Fertilizer or chemical variable rate controller N=127 All indications in %.Base: respondents who own variable rate controller (fertilizers /chemicals). With an agricultural machine 52 48 Yes No Purchase year KLEFFMANNGROUP 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 5% 5% 2% 1% 6% 4% 9% 9% 10% 5% 13% 13% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Não sabe N = 1 N = 1 N = 4 N = 1 N = 13 N = 4 N = 13 N = 23 N = 30 N = 23 N = 15 5% 6% KLEFFMANNGROUP
Q21. Was the equipment purchased with an agricultural machine? (spontaneous) Q19. What is the year of purchase for each MARKET equipment? EVOLUTION (spontaneous) Seed variable rate controller N=45 With an agricultural machine All indications in %.Base: respondents who own Seed variable rate controller. 67 33 Yes No Purchase year 2% 4% 2% 2% 2% 7% 11% 7% 2% 4% 16% 16% 13% 11% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Não sabe N = 2 N = 3 N = 4 N = 12 N = 10 N = 7 N = 7 N = 45 KLEFFMANNGROUP
Precision Farming Equipment Interaction All indications in %.Base: respondents who have some equipment of precision agriculture. N=374. KLEFFMANNGROUP
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS (FROM KLEFFMANN) Precision Farming is already used by 45% of commercial farmers; This is expected to grow to more than 55% in the next two years; This growth will be driven mainly by variable rate applications (fertilizers, chemicals and seeds); Currently the most common Precision Farming solution is fertilizer maps and fertilizer variable rate application: The main reason for farmers not to use Precision Farming solutions is the limited availability of skilled labor to deal with this technology: Open GPS signal is still the most common signal used by farmers; Close to 20% of the farmers outsources precision farming activities, mainly soil maps and variable rate fertilizer application. Productivity (kg/ha or ha/h) and cost reduction are the major drivers for farmers to invest in Precision Farming; Currently the most common equipment is auxiliary driving systems (light bars and auto steering); Self propelled sprayers is the most common equipment to use auxiliary steering solutions; There is no dominant brand in the Precision Farming market; Steering Systems and Seed Monitors are the most common equipment integration. KLEFFMANNGROUP 41
Precision Agriculture (in a strict sense) Spatial variability in the agricultural fields Investigation and mapping Tools for sampling and sensing, GIS Management and decision making Site-specific treatments ( Site-Specific Crop Management ) Technologies related to GNSS and automation Auto steering, telemetry, controlled traffic, sections control (sprayers, seeders) etc...
Local history 1995 - first harvesters with yield monitor 1995 - light bars on agricultural aircrafts 1996 - PA Seminar at University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ) 1998 - first service providers
Ituverava, SP, 01.10.1999
PA class field visit in 2001
Local history 1995 - first harvesters with yield monitor 1995 - light bars on agricultural aircraft 1996 - PA Seminar at University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ) 1998 - first service providers 1999 - undergraduate course 2001 - local equipment for VRT 2001/2002 - first consultants 2003 - automatic steering systems (in sugarcane) 2004 - Brazilian PA Conference 2012 - PA Committee at the Ministry of Agriculture 2016 Brazilian Association of Precision Agriculture
- The large majority of PA use is on VRT based on grid soil sampling - A few users of second generation tools: Management zones based on soil electrical conductivity yield maps RS images PA status Crop sensors for N management and growth regulators Site specific application of agrochemicals
Goiania, GO Approximately 1.5 million people
We expect: above 400 attendees 20 to 30 companies on exhibits We will have: 4 general panels 3 concurrent sessions 5 technical panels and 135 papers
For contact please e-mail to: J. P. Molin (jpmolin@usp.br) P. Magalhães (pedro@abpsap.org.br)
Thank you! University of São Paulo José P. Molin PhD, Professor Biosystems Engineering Department jpmolin@usp.br