Explosive Device Response Operations (EDRO) Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide

Explosive Device Response Operations (EDRO) Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide About the EDRO capability calculator... 2 Getting started your information... 4 Population... 4 Threats... 5 CIKR considerations... 6 Next step bomb team needs and costs... 7 Equipment, personnel, and training needs... 8 Equipment, personnel, and training costs... 10 Viewing results...12 Initial costs... 12 Total costs...14 Gap costs...15 References... 17 List of figures... 18

2 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide About the EDRO capability calculator This free tool estimates bomb team demand by considering a jurisdiction s population and critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR), as well as the risks related to both. The tool allows you (the user) to input personalized jurisdictional data, which then drives the tool to generate individualized results. Upon opening the tool, the homepage entitled Explosive Device Response Operations Target Capability Calculator will display. Figure 1 provides a snapshot of the homepage. Figure 1: Homepage and navigation bar Before proceeding, it is important to enable macros in Microsoft Excel so that the tool can function as intended. 1 You should also save a copy of the calculator before starting. Click on Save As from the Microsoft Office Icon or File Menu in the upper, left-hand corner and create a desired file name (e.g., EDRO Calculator Jurisdiction Name ). 1 Upon opening the tool, if you are prompted by Microsoft Excel, please select Enable Macros. Otherwise, please consult the Microsoft Excel help file for instructions regarding how to enable macros.

3 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide The tool is separated into the following pages: Your Info Bomb Team I (needs and costs) Bomb Team II (needs and costs) Bomb Team III (needs and costs) Initial Costs Total Costs Gap Costs These categories are displayed at the top of the screen and will remain there to provide easy navigation while you use the tool. Collectively, this group of categories will be referred to as the navigation bar. Figure 1 indicates the location of the navigation bar, highlighted by a red square. At any point during the use of the tool, you can return to this homepage by clicking on the home icon, which is circled in Figure 1. In addition to these categories, the homepage has a menu bar positioned at the far right side of the screen. Figure 2 shows the menu bar in a magnified view. Figure 2: Menu bar If preferred, you can navigate the tool by returning to the homepage and selecting options from the menu bar. Both user input and results are accessible from this menu bar. You can see information about printing results from the menu bar by clicking on the blue button circled in Figure 2.

4 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Throughout the tool, orange cells indicate places where you can enter data to customize the tool. Fields with green backgrounds indicate output areas, where results are automatically generated based on the data you provide. You can access help features by clicking on the white help text boxes. A box will appear with further information. Click the white box again to close the pop-up. Getting started your information To start using the tool, click on the red arrow located in the menu bar or use the navigation bar. Once you click on the red arrow on the homepage, the calculator will redirect you to the Your Info page. This page focuses on user input to determine bomb squad composition. It is separated into the following three sections: Population, Threats, and CIKR Considerations. Population For this section, the default population number (marked by the orange cell in the yellow area) is set to one million. However, you can click on the orange cell and change the field to reflect the population in your jurisdiction. Once you enter your population, the tool calculates the number and type of bomb teams recommended for jurisdictions with similarly sized populations. 2 This calculation establishes a baseline configuration of bomb teams for your area. A bar graph will display the recommended bomb squad configuration. Figure 3 indicates where to enter your jurisdiction s population and the output, both marked by red circles. 2 Robert Hall and Senanu Asamoah, Life-cycle Cost Pilot Project. The Application of Cost Management and Life-Cycle Cost Theory. Jan 2008 (IPR 12039).

5 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Figure 3: Population Threats This section allows you to account for specific explosive device threats and how many of such incidents your jurisdiction should be prepared to respond to simultaneously. In doing so, the number and type(s) of bomb teams generated from the previous Population section will be adjusted according to this threat and response information. The table (shown in Figure 4) identifies specific threats that are categorized into eight levels of severity: threat designations 1 through 8. For each threat described, you should enter (in the orange cells indicated by a red circle) the maximum number of events your jurisdiction expects to face simultaneously. Note that if you select Threat 8 (a multi-site, multiple explosives event), you may not indicate any other threats to occur simultaneously, as Threat 8 already includes multiple explosive events. (For additional explanation, please click on the help button, circled in red in Figure 4.) Enter your jurisdiction s expected threats in the orange cells as appropriate.

6 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Figure 4: Threats After entering the data, the tool adjusts the bomb squad configuration and generates results below the Threat table, in the green area, shown in Figure 5. Figure 5: Updated Bomb Squad configuration CIKR considerations This tool does not account for unique CIKR within your jurisdiction. Instead, this section (displayed in Figure 6) of the tool allows you to indicate if additional bomb teams are needed based on the presence of specific CIKR in your jurisdiction. To manually enter additional bomb teams, click on the orange cells in the yellow section and enter the desired number and type of additional bomb teams your jurisdiction needs (that is, beyond the number of teams that the tool has already recommended).

7 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Figure 6: CIKR considerations Once you enter this information, the tool calculates the final bomb squad configuration based on population, planning factors, and CIKR considerations. Figure 7 gives an example of a final bomb squad configuration. Figure 7: Final configuration Next step bomb team needs and costs After the final bomb squad configuration is generated, use the navigation bar to access pages where you can customize the equipment and personnel needs and costs for each type of team. There are three different categories of bomb teams that are accredited by the National Bomb Squad Commanders Advisory Board and defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency: 3 3 Bomb squad configuration is defined through a resource typing initiative conducted by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Integration Center (NIC). The resource typing initiative is an effort by FEMA/NIC to create standard definitions and practices for emergency response agencies so that a common understanding exists.

8 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide EDRO Team I (also called a Type I Bomb Team) is a dedicated, full-time bomb squad that is capable of handling a complex incident. A complex incident may include multiple or simultaneous improvised explosive device (IED) incidents that are life-threatening or time-sensitive and that may involve sophisticated improvised energetic materials, electronic/remote firing systems, and/or tactical explosive breaching support. Type I Bomb Squads consist of a minimum of 10 bomb technicians and two supervisors. Teams must have render-safe capabilities up to and including dispersal devices for large vehicle-borne IEDs (capable of containing up to 60,000 lbs. of explosive material) and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents. Teams are capable of working in a CBRN environment and supporting tactical team operations. EDRO Team 2 (also called a Type II Bomb Team) is a full-time or part-time bomb squad that is capable of handling a moderate incident. A moderate incident may include a lifethreatening or time-sensitive incident involving sophisticated improvised energetic materials and electronic/remote firing systems. Type II Bomb Teams consist of a minimum of six bomb technicians and two supervisors. Teams must have render-safe capabilities up to and including dispersal devices for medium vehicle-borne IEDs (capable of containing up to 4,000 lbs. of explosive material) and CBRN incidents. Teams should be capable of working in a CBRN environment absent of vapors. EDRO Team 3 (also called a Type III Bomb Team) is a full-time or part-time bomb squad that is capable of handling a small incident. Type III Bomb Teams shall consist of a minimum of 2 bomb technicians. Teams must have basic render-safe capabilities against an IED. Teams should be capable of working in a CBRN environment absent of vapors and liquids. These descriptions are summarized in the calculator on the needs page for each type of team. Equipment, personnel, and training needs To access the needs input page for each type of team, click on the needs tab located under the gray Bomb Team [I, II, or III] boxes, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8: Navigation bar bomb team needs Clicking on needs will display a page that lists equipment, personnel, and training requirements and costs. Equipment needs are broken into categories including particular equipment items. A personnel category indicates the number of personnel composing a bomb team. Additionally, a training category shows a list of suggested courses for bomb team personnel. You can scroll up and down the page to view these different categories.

9 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Each equipment item and personnel position is structured in rows that are aligned with the following columns: Default Quantities Quantities 4 Comp Costs 5 Initial Costs Figure 9 shows the header section of the needs page, with these fields (circled in red) and a sample of the orange cells in which you can enter your jurisdiction s specific requirements and costs. Figure 9: Bomb team needs - header As you scroll down the page, the header remains fixed on the screen to help you keep track of data. The default quantities are the suggested quantities appropriate to equip, staff, and train the calculated number of bomb teams, based on your input from the previous section, Your Info. 6 If you require no customization options for personnel, equipment, or training, then you are ready to view your costs results. If you would like to customize the tool to more precisely depict your jurisdiction s bomb team structure and costs, you can learn how to do so below. Bomb squad equipment and costs can vary among different jurisdictions. Therefore, the values in the orange cells in the columns labeled Quantities and Comp Cost can be customized to reflect the actual needs and costs in your jurisdiction. Note that the number in each quantity box reflects the amount of equipment or personnel required for all of the teams of a specific bomb team type (I, II, or III), rather than the number per team. When entering quantities, be sure to multiply the quantity you desire per team by the total number of suggested teams (indicated in the header section, to the right of the red arrow). 4 Quantity inputs reflect the total number of a particular resource required to support the number of bomb teams suggested based on your jurisdiction s population and threat profile. 5 Comp cost reflects the cost of a single/individual equipment item, personnel, or training course. 6 Suggested quantities are derived from the National Bomb Squad Commanders Advisory Board and FEMA resource typing initiative.

10 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide If you want to restore the orange cells to default numbers and costs, click on the green buttons labeled Restore all quantities and Restore costs. These green buttons are shown in Figure 9. At the bottom of the page, you can make inputs for training course, equipment items, and personnel positions that are not listed in the tool. Under Training, the orange row labeled User Input Training allows you to add a training course, the number of personnel to be trained, and the combined cost for the course and backfill. If you would like to include equipment or personnel not already included on this page, the orange rows under User Input Equipment/Personnel allow you to do so. The calculator has six rows available for this purpose initially. If you require additional rows, click on the green button shown in Figure 10 (circled in red). Figure 10: Bomb team needs additional equipment/personnel Note that changes made on one bomb team page do not automatically duplicate across each of the three (Type I, II, and III) bomb team needs pages. Repeat the customization process for each of the team types your jurisdiction supports. Equipment, personnel, and training costs Once you enter information into the orange cells of the needs page, the tool generates initial costs for each team type, broken down by each category under the Equipment and Personnel sections. To access the costs output page for each type of team, click on the costs tab located under the gray Bomb Team [I, II, or III] boxes, as shown in Figure 11. Figure 11: Navigation bar - costs The costs page shows a pie chart of total initial costs, broken down into equipment, personnel, training, and user input categories. Total initial costs represent the purchase of equipment and supplies, rather than the annual costs of maintaining and operating them. Figure 12 shows a snapshot of sample initial costs for Type I Bomb Teams. To the right of the pie chart is the numerical breakdown of the total initial costs, as well as the sum of those costs. If you click on the details buttons to the right, the tool jumps to a section on the page that breaks each category down into its components (discussed in more detail below).

11 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Figure 12: Bomb team initial costs As you scroll below the total initial costs section, a second pie chart shows the total annualized costs. An example is shown in Figure 13. This pie chart also breaks down total costs by equipment, personnel, and training categories. The details buttons to the right of the numerical breakdown of costs again jump down the page to display the full life-cycle cost calculations, discussed in more detail below. Figure 13: Bomb team annual costs An example of the view of the life-cycle cost calculations for equipment items, personnel, and training is displayed in Figure 14. In this section of the calculator, you can review life-cycle costs item by item for equipment, personnel, and training. You can also adjust cost factor parameters as appropriate for your jurisdiction. Cost factor definitions can be displayed as a pop-up by clicking on the cost factors glossary link. More information about cost factors can be found in Explosive Device Response Operations (EDRO) Capability Calculator ~ Overview, available on the CNA website. You can customize cost factors in the orange cells, circled in red in Figure 14. Note that, as with changes made on the needs page, changes made on one bomb team costs page do not automatically duplicate across each of the three (Type I, II, and III) bomb team costs pages. Repeat the customization process for each of the team types your jurisdiction supports.

12 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Figure 14: Life-cycle costs For items entered in the User Input Equipment/Personnel section, the life-cycle costs section is shown in Figure 15. In this section, all cost factors are determined by user input, as indicated by the orange cells. As explained in the Explosive Device Response Operations (EDRO) Capability Calculator ~ Overview document, not every cost factor applies to all types of equipment; for example, a hammer does not draw electricity, and therefore does not incur energy costs. You can enter cost factors as appropriate for each item. Figure 15: Life-cycle costs for user input equipment/personnel Once you have finished customizing the needs and costs pages for each type of bomb team, you are ready to view your results. Viewing results Initial costs To view initial cost results, click on Initial Costs on the navigation bar, as shown in Figure 16.

13 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Figure 16: Navigation bar - initial costs This page displays the total bomb squad initial costs and also shows initial cost breakdowns by equipment, personnel, and training categories for your suggested EDRO capability across all bomb team types. An example of the total initial costs report is shown in Figure 17, and an example of the cost category breakdown of initial costs is shown in Figure 18. Figure 17: Initial cost breakdown Figure 18: Initial cost breakdown by cost category The bottom of this page features a cost breakdown by item, aggregated over the suggested number and type of teams for your jurisdiction. You can show or hide this section by clicking on the green button labeled Reveal/Hide Cost Breakdown, circled in red in Figure 19.

14 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Figure 19: Initial costs - detailed cost breakdown Total costs You can view total initial and annual bomb squad costs by clicking on Total Costs in the navigation bar, as shown in Figure 20. Figure 20: Navigation bar - total costs At the top of this page, the information you entered about your jurisdiction is summarized for easy reference, as shown in Figure 21. You can hide this section by clicking on the green button labeled Reveal/Hide Inputs Summary, circled in red. Figure 21: Input summary The Outputs section shows the following results, shown in Figure 22: Final bomb squad configuration Initial costs to acquire all equipment Annualized costs to operate, maintain, and re-purchase all teams

15 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Figure 22: Total costs Gap costs The gap costs section allows you to enter your current EDRO bomb team capability to compare with your suggested capability from the calculator. If your suggested capability is greater than your current capability, the costs associated with attaining the suggested level of capability are calculated. You can navigate to this page by clicking on the Gap Costs link indicated in Figure 23. Figure 23: Navigation bar gap costs On this page, adjust the numbers in the orange cells to reflect your jurisdiction s current EDRO bomb team capability. As you do so, the calculator will display your calculated gap or surplus in the cells below. See Figure 24 for reference. Gaps will be highlighted in red. Cells that remain green indicate that current capability meets or exceeds suggested capability. Figure 24 presents an example with both outcomes for reference.

16 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide Figure 24: Gap calculation In this example, the jurisdiction has a sufficient number of Type I teams to meet the suggested capability level, but requires one additional Type II team and two additional Type III teams. The gap costs page also provides information about the additional investment necessary to fill the calculated gap. Figure 25 shows a example of this information, based on the data in Figure 24, above. Figure 25: Gap calculation - outputs This is the last page in the calculator. The information from this tool can be used to inform long-term budget planning in order to meet your jurisdiction s needs.

17 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide References National Bomb Squad Commanders Advisory Board. http://nbscab.org/nbscab/nbscab_ex.php. Last accessed 4 May 2011. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency. Typed Resource Definitions, Law Enforcement and Security Resources (FEMA 508-6), July 2007. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nims/508-6_law_enfor_secur_resources.pdf. Last accessed 4 May 2011. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Target Capabilities List: A Companion to the National Preparedness Goal, Version 2.0. September 2007. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/government/training/tcl.pdf. Last accessed 4 May 2011.

18 EDRO Capability Calculator ~ Technical Guide List of figures Figure 1: Homepage and navigation bar... 2 Figure 2: Menu bar...3 Figure 3: Population...5 Figure 4: Threats... 6 Figure 5: Updated Bomb Squad configuration... 6 Figure 6: CIKR considerations... 7 Figure 7: Final configuration... 7 Figure 8: Navigation bar bomb team needs... 8 Figure 9: Bomb team needs - header... 9 Figure 10: Bomb team needs additional equipment/personnel... 10 Figure 11: Navigation bar - costs... 10 Figure 12: Bomb team initial costs... 11 Figure 13: Bomb team annual costs... 11 Figure 14: Life-cycle costs... 12 Figure 15: Life-cycle costs for user input equipment/personnel... 12 Figure 16: Navigation bar - initial costs... 13 Figure 17: Initial cost breakdown... 13 Figure 18: Initial cost breakdown by cost category... 13 Figure 19: Initial costs - detailed cost breakdown... 14 Figure 20: Navigation bar - total costs... 14 Figure 21: Input summary... 14 Figure 22: Total costs... 15 Figure 23: Navigation bar gap costs... 15 Figure 24: Gap calculation... 16 Figure 25: Gap calculation - outputs... 16