2017 4th International Conference on Economics and Management (ICEM 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-467-7 A Study on the Influential Factors of College Students Satisfaction with Movie-viewing Guo-ping CHEN 1,a and Xiao-xuan WANG 2,b,* 1,2 School of Management, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China a cgp1717@163.com, b 307309957@qq.com *Corresponding author Keywords: College Students, Film Product, Satisfaction, Influential Factors. Abstract. This paper takes the movies Mermaid and The Man from Macau III as comparative references and adopts the method of questionnaire survey of college students experiences and their satisfaction impact factors of these two films. Through SPSS analysis, it has been discovered that film product s quality, reference factors and viewing environment have significant impacts on college students viewing satisfaction. Among them, the influence of film product s quality on satisfaction is the most significant one; Satisfaction has a direct positive impact on the intention to recommend. It also has been discovered that the role between college students gender factors and the degree of viewing satisfaction is not significant. According to the research results, the marketing strategy implication of the film industry development and the corresponding cultural industry development has been pointed out in the end. 1. Introduction In recent years, China s film production and the national film product consumption have been sharply increased. But Chinese film market which achieved seemingly vigorous development still has many problems, such as: quantity over quality; the overseas influences of domestic blockbuster movies are low and so on. College students, as the new force of social development, are one of the main consumers of the film market. Their consumption habits directly affect the future development of the film industry. Therefore, this paper takes domestic films Mermaid and The Man from Macau III, which were released in the Lunar New Year of 2016 as examples, takes the college students as object of investigation and aims to investigate influential factors of college students viewing satisfaction. It is helpful to understand the consumers tendency and key influencing factors of film products, and provide some useful inspirations for improving the film market in our country. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Influential factors of cultural product consumption Ping Xu pointed out that cultural consumption referred to the implementation of consumer behavior which residents acquire knowledge, artistic influence, and spiritual enjoyment in the education, arts, leisure and other activities [1]. Xin Luo and Yonglin Huang suggested that there were some main problems in consumption of cultural products in China, such as the low-class tastes of cultural products, backwardness of cultural consumption, and the lack of cultural creativity [3]. Hui Tang and Guancheng Wang maintained that the consumption of cultural products would be influenced by the impact of herd behavior, which was an unavoidable historical phenomenon during the process of the cultural heritage and development, mainly affected by the influence of the mass media and the asymmetry of information about cultural products [4]. Marc Verboord suggested that the spread of cultural products was very important, because it would affect attention and purchase volume. In the same time, cultural products good reputation on the Internet will also promote the development of traditional cultural markets [5]. 588
2.2 Film products consumption and the satisfaction of film products Hongzhong Zhang et al. maintained that the consumer s satisfaction with the film depended largely on the quality of the film, while pre-screening means and post-projection topic had nothing to do with the satisfaction. The reputation of film is the experience of high satisfaction after viewing product [6]. Jing Bian et al. argued that the factors affected consumer s satisfaction were multifaceted. First, the quality of the film itself, including its artistic, ideological, entertainment, production standards; second, the consumer recognition of film and the aesthetic differences will also have impacts on satisfaction; then, it even related to consumers own feelings; finally, the theater services, hardware facilities and viewing factors such as interference will also affect satisfaction [7]. Prashant Mishra et al. claimed that consumer s pleasure and excitement was an important factor in predicting customer satisfaction. Satisfaction can create a positive film reputation [13]. In addition, some scholars notice the impact of film product genre, viewing environment effect and gender factor on viewing satisfaction and purchase intention. Xuguang Chen claimed that after 90 s had become the main audience of cinematography, especially in which women accounted for 65% of the audience [11]. Yi Yang found that the important ways for new generations to catch up film information were network, friends and television; the important factors for them to go to the cinema were cinema s environment, audition effects and price concessions [12]. Hean et al. studied the impact of film evaluation on risk perception and purchase intention of consumers, pointing out that consumers perceived risk was higher and purchasing intention was lower when the film evaluation was low [14]. 3. Conceptual Model and Research Hypothesis 3.1 Theoretical model Based on literature review, this study draws a theoretical model presented in Fig. 1. 3.2 Hypothesis Figure 1. Theoretical model. The influence of the film product s quality. In general, the quality of film is the relevant factor which will impact consumers evaluation, mainly divided to two aspects: film theme and production. Jing Bian et al. found that the most fundamental factor affecting satisfaction was the quality of film itself; Yongxiang Hou and Yuhan Dong maintained that college students would focus on information about director, actor, producer and film plot; Hongzhong Zhang et al confirmed that satisfaction depended largely on the quality of the film. As such, the first hypothesis is proposed. H1: The film product s quality has a direct positive impact on College Students viewing satisfaction The influence of the reference factors. Reference factors in this paper refer to factors including film evaluation of experts and public, film promotion, and oral recommendation of friends and relatives. These factors will have the impact of consumers intentions to choose the film. Hui Tang et al. found that consumers had the characteristics of conformity, which meant the individual would 589
give up its own willingness and choose to be consistent with the group. For the film products, the conformity is mainly affected by the mass media. In addition, Hean Tat Keh et al. maintained that when the public evaluation of film was high, consumers would be perceived lower risk, and the purchase intention was higher. In other words, when others all say that a movie is worth to watch, consumers tend to prefer to see it. As such, the second hypothesis is proposed. H2: The reference factors have direct positive impacts on College Students viewing satisfaction The influence of the viewing environment. The viewing environment refers to the environment in which consumers watching movie. This paper examines the impact of environment on viewing satisfaction of consumers in the cinema, including feelings of consumers, sanitary conditions and hardware facilities of the cinema, and quality of other audiences. Prashant Mishra et al. found that consumers pleasure and excitement was the important factor in predicting viewing satisfaction, indicating that feelings of consumers and quality of the audiences had impacts on satisfaction. Usually, the better the cinema facilities are, the higher the movie fares are. Generally, the environment is often reflected in cinema fare as an added value of the film. Jing Bian et al. also confirmed that cinema s services, hardware facilities and other interferences in the viewing factors had impacts on satisfaction. As such, the third hypothesis is proposed. H3: The viewing environment has a direct positive impact on College Students viewing satisfaction The influence of consumers satisfaction on willingness to recommend. Recommended intention is the spontaneous willingness to recommend product to others after experiencing. The willingness to recommend is the main reason for the spread of product word of mouth, which can bring real economic benefits. The films are easier to attain people s evaluation and social response, so the study of recommendation is of practical significance. Hongzhong Zhang et al (2013) confirm that consumers can be willing to recommend when they think highly of the movie. Prashant Mishra et al. found that the improvement of consumer satisfaction could create a positive reputation for film; Marc Verboord suggested that the good reputation of cultural products on the Internet could increase its sales volume. As such, the fourth hypothesis is proposed. H4: The costumers satisfaction has a direct positive impact on the intention to recommend. The influence of gender difference on consumers satisfaction. The gender differences in this study mainly refer to differences in the perception or feelings of men/women for certain things. Xuguang Chen found that the number of female viewers in the cinema was close to twice that of male viewers. In addition, if a man and a woman go to the cinema together, woman s choice of film usually occupies more dominance. It comes to question that will gender differences affect the perception of film satisfaction? As such, the final hypothesis is proposed. H5: There are significant differences in the satisfaction of the same film among different sex students 4. Methodolog 4.1 Data collection process and sample characteristics In this paper, we study the influential factors of college students viewing satisfaction and take the survey method. Through the random questionnaires, we collect the data of satisfaction and evaluation and then use the mathematical statistics software analysis to draw conclusions. A total of 230 questionnaires are collected from the formal survey. After rejecting invalid questionnaires, 185 valid questionnaires are obtained. The effective rate is 80.43%. Among the effective samples, 50.3% are male and 49.7% are female. The sample distribution is pretty uniform. Table 1. Reliability and validity analysis results (n = 185). Variables Cronbach s KMO and Bartlett Cumulative Factor load α s spherical test explained variance Film product s quality 0.893 0.888/0.000 0.660-0.871 54.65% Reference factors 0.728 0.573/0.000 0.655-0.872 65.32% 590
Viewing environment 0.870 0.808/0.000 0.679-0.813 71.88% Satisfaction 0.913 0.600/0.000 0.923-0.925 82.23% Intention to recommend 0.864 0.580/0.000 0.871-0.929 91.37% The reliability and validity of the variable measurements are shown in Table 1. The Cronbach s coefficients of most variables are above 0.8, only the α coefficient of reference factors is slightly lower, 0.728, indicating that the reliability of survey is pretty good. From KMO and Bartlett s spherical test in Table 1, the variables are suitable for factor analysis. In factor analysis, principal component analysis method is used and orthogonal rotation is carried out. The factor analysis results show that factor load of most variables is above 0.7; the cumulative explained variance of three independent variables, film product s quality, reference factors and viewing environment are 71.88%, the cumulative explained variance of two factors, satisfaction and intention to recommend are 91.37%, indicating that the extraction factor can be a good reflection of the overall situation, the validity of questionnaires is good. 5. Data Analysis and Hypothesis Testing 5.1 The influence of film product s quality, reference factors and viewing environment on the Satisfaction Correlation analysis between variables. As can be seen in Table 2, the correlation coefficient between film product s quality, reference factors and viewing satisfaction are 0.795 and 0.747 respectively, which indicates that the correlation between the film product s quality and the reference factor is more than the viewing environment. Film product s quality Reference factors Viewing environment Satisfaction Table 2. Correlation test results (n = 185). Film product s quality Reference factors Viewing environment Satisfaction Correlation coefficient 1 0.809 0.712 0.795 sig. -- 0.000 0.000 0.000 Correlation coefficient 0.809 1 0.667 0.747 sig. 0.000 -- 0.000 0.000 Correlation coefficient 0.712 0.667 1 0.680 sig. 0.000 0.000 -- 0.000 Correlation coefficient 0.795 0.747 0.680 1 sig. 0.000 0.000 0.000 -- Multivariate regression analysis. In this study, students satisfaction with film is the dependent variable, film product s quality, reference factors and viewing environment are independent variables for multiple regression analysis, and the results are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Regression coefficient (n = 185). Non-standard regression Standard regression Regression t Sig. equation coefficient model B Std. Error Beta B Std. Error (Constant) -0.879 0.236 -- -3.728 0.000 Film product s quality 0.582 0.099 0.460 5.904 0.000 Reference factors 0.332 0.097 0.252 3.429 0.001 Viewing environment 0.243 0.081 0.184 2.997 0.003 As can be seen from table 3, the regression equation is: 591
Satisfaction = -0.879 + 0.582 * Film product s quality + 0.332 * reference factors + 0.243 * viewing environment + ε. (1) From this equation, the regression coefficient of film product s quality is 0.582, significance level is 0.000 < 0.05; the regression coefficient of reference factors is 0.332, significance level is 0.001 < 0.05; the regression coefficient of viewing environment is 0.243, significance level is 0.003 < 0.05. Therefore, the three factors have significant influences on the college students viewing satisfaction, in which film quality has the greatest influence on the satisfaction degree, and the regression coefficient is larger than the regression coefficient corresponding to the other two variables. In this way, H1, H2 and H3 are verified. 5.2 The relation between Satisfaction and intention to recommend Correlation analysis between variables. It can be seen from Table 4 that the correlation coefficient between viewing satisfaction and intention to recommend is as high as 0.849, indicating that the two are highly correlated; the significance level sig = 0.000 < 0.01, indicating that the viewing satisfaction has a significant effect on the recommendation intention. There is a significant positive correlation between the two variables. Satisfaction Intention to recommend Table 4. Correlation test results (n = 185). Satisfaction Intention to recommend Correlation coefficient 1 0.849 sig. -- 0.000 Correlation coefficient 0.849 1 sig. 0.000 -- Simple regression analysis. The results of the regression analysis are shown in Table 5, the Satisfaction is the independent variable and the intention to recommend is the dependent variable. Table 5. Regression coefficient. Independent variables Constant Regression coefficient Sig. Satisfaction 0.689 0.816 0.000 Regression equation Intention to recommend =0.689+0.816* Satisfaction+ε From Table 5, we can conclude that the regression coefficient is 0.816 and the significance level is 0.000 < 0.05. H4 is verified to show that high satisfaction can bring high recommendation intention and cause high recommendation behavior. At the same time, high recommendation will be able to form a good reputation, and good reputation is the guarantee of high box office. 5.3 The influence of gender factors on satisfaction In order to test the hypothesis H5, that is, different gender college students have significant differences in viewing satisfaction, we use the variance analysis method. The results are shown in Table 6, Table 7. Table 6. Homogeneity test of variances. Levene s Statistic df1 df2 Sig. 0.001 1 183 0.974 Table 7. Analysis of variance table Sum of squares degree of freedom Mean Square F Sig. Among groups 1.833 1 1.833 1.409 0.237 Within groups 238.118 183 1.301 -- -- Total 239.951 184 -- -- -- 592
The variance homogeneity test results in Table 6 show that Levene s statistic is 0.001 and Sig = 0.974 > 0.05, indicating that variance of male and female groups satisfies the prerequisite for homogeneity of variance. It can be seen from Table 7 that the among groups effect F is only 1.409 and the corresponding probability P is 0.237 > 0.05, indicating that there is no significant difference in viewing satisfaction between boys and girls at the significance level of 0.05. Thus, H5 is rejected. 6. Research Conclusions and Implications 6.1 Research conclusions and discussions Firstly, the analysis results show that film product s quality, reference factors and viewing environment have positive effects on college students viewing satisfaction. The regression coefficient of three factors is 0.582, 0.332 and 0,243 respectively. That is to say, improving quality of film is the best way to improve satisfaction. In addition, interpersonal reference factors such as propaganda made by film distribution companies or film review and cinema environment can both play parts in improving viewing satisfaction. Secondly, the study confirms that customers viewing satisfaction has a significant positive impact on the intention to recommend. The higher the viewing satisfaction is, the more willing the consumer is to recommend film to others. Recommendation is the prerequisite for formation of word of mouth, and a good reputation can bring real economic benefits. Consequently, it can be speculated that improving the viewing satisfaction means the improvement of film s box office. Finally, gender factors do not cause significant differences in satisfaction. Although the majority of film audiences are women, but the difference between the satisfaction evaluations of both men and women is not statistically significant. This shows that film production and publicity do not need to deliberately aim at the female audience. 6.2 Implications and suggestions Based on the research conclusions, the following suggestions are made for the film market. Firstly, the film producers should focus on the quality of film itself, not on the entertainment and profitability. Ignoring the importance of film quality and paying too much attention to film s entertainment and profitability will lead to a negative outcome. This may explain why the seemingly prosperous film markets of China lack classics. The quality of film is composed of four aspects: actors and directors, film genre, production level and educational significance. Therefore, the film producers should start from these four aspects and try to improve the quality of film. This is the best way to promote the development of China s film industry. Specifically: popular actors, superb acting skills, and excellent director will allow consumers to be full of confidence and expectations with film; the right genre of film can meet some of the festive atmosphere or to meet some of the consumer preferences; sophisticated production is the basis of the enjoyment, reflecting the artistic characteristics of the film; education significance reflects the depth of the film content. Secondly, enhance publicity before and after the release of film. Film publicity, film review and other reference factors not only can promote the consumers willingness to watch the film, but also can increase the viewing satisfaction. Because of the film s cultural product attributes, its quality does not have a specific standard, the network evaluation and the surrounding people s perception can often be references for consumers to judge a movie, so the reference factors have an impact on the viewing satisfaction. In other words, the appropriate publicity methods, marketing strategies can play a role in improving the evaluation of consumer film satisfaction. Consequently, prompting through different channels, such as public channels (e.g. notice, news) and personal channels (e.g. microblogging, WeChat) can lay the solid foundation for film performance. Finally, strengthen the environment construction of cinema. As the film is an experiential service product, the viewing environment has a significant impact on the consumers viewing satisfaction. The better the cinema environment is, the easier the consumers are satisfied with the film. 593
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