UC Irvine Energy Efficiency Energy Storage Energy Optimization Matt Gudorf CEM, LEED AP Assistant Director Energy, Engineering, and Inspection
Quick Facts Established in 1965 Comprehensive Research University 13 Lab buildings past two decades 8-24MW Load 1,526 Acres 10M+ Square feet 7.5M Sqft District Utilities 24,489 Undergraduates 6,268 Postgraduates $20,754,196 Utility Budget
PROCUREMENT ELECTRICITY Distribution Service by SCE TOU-8-S Departing Load Direct Access Cost Responsibility Surcharge Generation Purchased through an energy service provider (ESP) Day ahead market NATURAL GAS Commodity DGS contract with BP Buy futures up to 75% NYMEX Henry Hub CA Citygate price Delivery SoCal Gas CA border to UCI Distributed Generation Power Purchase Agreements 20 and 25 year contracts Predetermined rates and escalation Key: Flexibility with managed risk
Campus Utilities Edison MacArthur Substation 66kV UCI Substation 66kV/12kV 4
Campus Utilities Central Plant: 8 chillers Gas turbine: 13.5 MW Steam turbine: 5.6 MW Edison MacArthur Substation 66kV UCI Substation 66kV/12kV
SOLAR TITAN 130 COMBUSTION TURBINE 13.5 MW AT 12,000 VOLTS
OLAR TURBINE ASSEMBLY BEFORE EING PLACED INTO ENCLOSURE
Campus Utilities Central Plant: 8 chillers Gas turbine: 13.5 MW Steam turbine: 5.6 MW TES Solar Rooftop PV 3.575 MW Edison MacArthur Substation 66kV UCI Substation 66kV/12kV
Social Science Parking Structure
Social Science Parking Structure 935kW Equivalent Generation in a year - 140 US Homes
Student Center Parking Structure
Student Center Parking Structure 725kW Equivalent Generation in a year - 110 US homes
Mesa Parking Structure
Mesa Parking Structure 909kW Equivalent Generation in a year - 136 US homes
Campus Utilities Central Plant: 8 chillers Gas turbine: 13.5 MW Steam turbine: 5.6 MW TES Solar Rooftop PV 3.575 MW Edison MacArthur Substation 66kV UCI Substation 66kV/12kV CPV 113kW
UC IRVINE S 12KV DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 10 - Distribution circuits 136-12kV transformers 77 - SF6 Switches
Campus Utilities Central Plant: 8 chillers, 4 Boilers Gas turbine: 13.5 MW Steam turbine: 5.6 MW Solar Rooftop PV 3.575 MW Edison MacArthur Substation 66kV UCI Substation 66kV/12kV CPV 113kW
Campus Utilities Thermal Storage 4,500,000 Gal 60,000 Ton-Hour Central Plant: 8 chillers Serve 82 Buildings TES
BOILER DATA Boiler #1& #2 Babcox & Wilcox 250PSI 29,000lbs/hr, 1964 Oil & Gas Burner Boiler #3 - Nebraska 300PSI 30,000lbs/hr, 1970 Boiler #4 - Trane Murray 300PSI 30,000lbs/hr, 1978
Chiller Plant Details Manufacture Rating in Tons Refrigerant Year Installed Chiller #1 Trane 1000 R-123 1992 Chiller #2 Trane 1000 R-123 1997 Chiller #3 Trane 1000 R-123 1997 Chiller #4 York 2000 R-134a 2002 Chiller #5 Trane 2500 R-123 1999 Chiller #6 Trane 2500 R-123 2004 Chiller #7 York 3000 R-134a 2007 Chiller #8 York 3000 R-134a 2007 16,000 Tons of nominal chiller capacity
Chilled Water System AHU coils designed for 39 F supply System ΔT of 20-23 F PIC-V or Flow Limiters at each AHU Average load 3,100 tons Peak load 13,000 tons 74,400 Ton-Hours per day Flow Capacity @ 30 header is 35,600 gpm Secondary pump capacity 25,200 gpm @ 100 feet of head TES pump capacity is 22,700 gpm @ 90 feet of head Delivered 0.7kW per ton
Chilled Water Load Side Optimization 1997-2016 the campus changed out AHU coils to provide a ΔT minimum of 20 F. The system makes use of Pressure independent control valves and flow limiters to minimize use and maximize energy efficiency Monitoring the hydronic system at the building level
Thermal Energy Storage Tank holds 4.5 million gallons of chilled water Tank is 107 tall by 88 in diameter When chilled to 39 F, rated storage is 186,400 kwh 0-8MW of load can be shifted Originally built to shift load to off-peak rates
UC Irvine Drastically Reduces Load 45%
Operating Limitations 1 The interconnection agreement is for inadvertent export of power only. 2 Curtailment of the CTG is limited to 7.5MW due to emissions 3 Solar power production cannot be curtailed (PPA) 4 Efficiency of the CTG drops as output is reduced 5 Import electricity cost more than self generation Load Generation Import Electricity So how is the near perfect management as shown on the right achieved? UC Irvine uses TES as an electrical battery to flatten and shape load to match generation!
Balancing Load and Generation 909 kw Solar Rooftop PV (Mesa Parking) 725 kw Solar Rooftop PV (SC Parking) 935 kw Solar Rooftop PV (SS Parking) UCI Campus TES 13.5 [MW] GT 4.5 [MW] ST 3,575 [KW peak ] PV 66 [KV] circuit Ten 12 [KV] circuits 7 Electric Chillers Storage Central Plant NGCC PV SCE Load GT = Gas Turbine ST = Steam Turbine NGCC = Natural Gas Combined Cycle SCE = Southern California Edison
MONITORING THE MICROGRID Generation Import Combustion Turbine Steam Turbine Solar PV Load Plant Building Sub Building Circuit Building Management HVAC Lighting Storage Tank Charge Over 100,000 data points Trend, Analyze, Optimize
0-18 MW Ideally, utilize the chillers and TES to flatten the load shape PV drops off, peak cooling demand Morning Building Load Solar PV 24 Hours
0-18 MW Flattest possible load shape Matched to Generation Utilize Solar Maximize Base Loaded CTG Import as little as possible 24 Hours
Actual Load and Generation Graph From UCI Campus
Financial Savings Energy Cost Per Square foot $1.80 $1.60 $1.40 $1.20 $1.00 $0.80 $0.60 $0.40 $0.20 $- 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Optimization of load and generation results in financial savings Minimal import of expensive electricity Solar offsetting peak demand
Next steps Implement a ½ MW, 2 MWh battery (In construction) Deploy full SCADA system from SEL across campus grid (In construction Engineer, implement, and test islanding of the campus Additional optimization of the balance between, load and generation