Absolute Zero (temperature) Angstrom unit (length) Atomic mass unit Avogadro s number of particles Charge of an electron Electron volt Heat in calories or joules Molarity (concentration) Mole conversion: L (of a gas) Mole conversion: particles Mole conversion: mass Planck s constant Speed of light Standard Pressure ( 1 atm), 1 Atmosphere Standard Temperature & Pressure Standard Volume, 1 liter 1 ml. Universal Gas Constant Skyline High School Reference Tables for Chemistry DATA BOOK Physical Constants and Conversions Factors Name Symbol Value or Conversion Factor Units K or o C K = o C 273 or o C = K 273 Å 1 Å = 1 x 1 1 m μ (amu) 1 amu = 1.66 x 1 24 g N A 1 mol = 6.2214 x 1 23 particles e 1.6 x 1 19 C ev 1.6 x 1 19 J cal 1 cal = 4.18 J M M = mol/l mol (of gas) 1 mol = 22.4 L of a gas (at STP) mol 1 mol = 6.2 x 1 23 particles mol 1 mol = molar mass h 6.63 x 1 34 J s h 1.58 x 1 37 kcal s c 3. x 1 8 m/s atm 1 atm = 11.3 kpa atm 1 atm = 76 mm Hg = 76 torr STP o C and 1 atm L 1 L = 1 x 1 3 cm 3 = 1 dm 3 ml 1 ml = 1 cm 3 ml and cm 3 R.821 atm L/mol K 8.314 kpa L/mol K 62.36 torr L/mol K Commonly Used Units K (Kelvin) is 273 o C (deg. Celsius) meter gram atoms, molecules, f. u., ions C = coulomb joule joule moles per liter L (liters of a gas) atoms, molecules, f. u., ions g/mol (atomic/formula mass in g) joule second kilocalorie second meters/second atm or kilopascals atm or mm Hg or torr o C or K atm, kpa, mm Hg or torr cm 3 and dm 3. atm liter/mol K kpa liter/mol K torr liter/mol K Symbol Name Quantity Symbol Name Quantity m meter length mol mole amount of substance g gram mass s second time L liter volume Pa pascal pressure o C degrees C Celsius temperature cal calorie quantity of heat K Kelvin absolute temperature J joule V volt electric potential or potential difference Metric Relationships and Conversion Factors quantity of heat, energy, work, C coulomb quantity of electrical charge Symbol Prefix Factor (x unit) Prefix and Unit Unit (g, m, L) G giga 1 9 1 Gm = 1 m M mega 1 6 1 Mm = 1 m k kilo 1 3 1 1 Km = 1 m h hecto 1 2 1 1 hm = 1 m da deca 1 1 1 dam = 1 m (g, m, L) (unit) 1 1 1 m (g, m, L) = 1 m (g, m, L) d deci 1 1.1 1 dm = 1 m c centi 1 2.1 1 cm = 1 m m milli 1 3.1 1 mm = 1 m μ micro 1 6 1 µm = 1 m n nano 1 9 1 nm = 1 m R 1 Adapted from the N. Y. State Reagent s Exam Reference Tables Rev. 2/17
Physical Constants for Water Specific heat capacity (c) of H 2 O (liquid). 1. cal/gºc or 4.186 j/gºc Q = mcδt Heat of fusion (H f ) Heat of Solidification (H s ) Heat of vaporization (H v ) Heat of condensation (H c ) 79.72 cal/g or 333.5 j/g 79.72 cal/g or 333.5 j/g 539.4 cal/g or 2257 j/g 539.4 cal/g or 2257 j/g Q = mh f Q = mh s Q = mh v Q = mh c Specific heat capacity (c) of (gas)....48 cal/gºc... 2.1 j/gºc Specific heat capacity (c) of (solid)....52 cal/gºc... 2.1 j/gºc Molal freezing point depression...... 1.86 ºC/m Molal boiling point elevation.......52 ºC/m Element Alphabetical List of the 118 Elements of the Periodic Table Symbol Atomic Number Element Symbol Atomic Number Element Symbol actinium Ac 89 hafnium Hf 72 praseodymium Pr 59 aluminum Al 13 hassium Hs 18 * promethium Pm 61 americium Am 95 * helium He 2 protactinium Pa 91 antimony Sb 51 holmium Ho 67 radium Ra 88 argon Ar 18 hydrogen H 1 radon Rn 86 arsenic As 33 indium In 49 rhenium Re 75 astatine At 85 iodine I 53 rhodium Rh 45 gold Au 79 potassium K 19 Radioactive Elements R 2 Atomic Number barium Ba 56 iridium Ir 77 roentgenium Rg 111 * berkelium Bk 97 * iron Fe 26 rubidium Rb 37 beryllium Be 4 krypton Kr 36 ruthenium Ru 44 bismuth Bi 83 lanthanum La 57 rutherfordium Rf 14 * bohrium Bh 17 * lawrencium Lr 13 * samarium Sm 62 boron B 5 lead Pb 82 scandium Sc 21 bromine Br 35 lithium Li 3 seaborgium Sg 16 * cadmium Cd 48 livermorium Lv 116 * selenium Se 34 calcium Ca 2 lutetium Lu 71 silicon Si 14 californium Cf 98 * magnesium Mg 12 silver Ag 47 carbon C 6 manganese Mn 25 sodium Na 11 cerium Ce 58 meitherium Mt 19 * strontium Sr 38 cesium Cs 55 mendelevium Md 11 * sulfur S 16 chlorine Cl 17 mercury Hg 8 tantalum Ta 73 chromium Cr 24 molybdenum Mo 42 technetium Tc 43 cobalt Co 27 moscovium Mc 115 * tellurium Te 52 copernicium Cn 112 * neodymium Nd 6 tennessine Ts 117 * copper Cu 29 neon Ne 1 terbium Tb 65 curium Cm 96 * neptunium Np 93 * thallium Tl 81 darmstadtium Ds 11 * nickel Ni 28 thorium Th 9 dubnium Db 15 * nihonium Nh 113 * thulium Tm 69 dysprosium Dy 66 niobium Nb 41 tin Sn 5 einsteinium Es 99 * nitrogen N 7 titanium Ti 22 erbium Er 68 nobelium No 12 * tungsten W 74 europium Eu 63 oganesson Og 118 * uranium U 92 fermium Fm 1 * osmium Os 76 vanadium V 23 flerovium Fl 114 * oxygen O 8 xenon Xe 54 fluorine F 9 palladium Pd 46 ytterbium Yb 7 francium Fr 87 phosphorus P 15 yttrium Y 39 gadolinium Gd 64 platinum Pt 78 zinc Zn 3 gallium Ga 31 plutonium Pu 94 * zirconium Zr 4 germanium Ge 32 polonium Po 84 Manmade Elements *
acetate bromide carbonate chloride chromate dichromate hydroxide iodide nitrate phosphate sulfate sulfide M Solubility Products Compound K sp AgBr 5. 1 13 AgCl 1.8 1 1 Ag 2 CrO 4 1.1 1 12 AgI 8.3 1 17 BaSO 4 1.1 1 1 Ca(OH) 2 1. 1 8 CaSO 4 9.1 1 6 CuSO 4 1.6 KClO 4 1.5 1 2 NaCl 3.72 1 1 NaOH 1.1 1 2 Li 2 CO 3 2.5 1 2 LiF 1.84 1 3 PbCl 2 1.6 1 5 PbCO 3 7.4 1 14 PbCrO 4 2.8 1 13 PbI 2 7.1 1 9 SrSO 4 3.2 1 7 ZnCO 3 1.4 1 11 E (g ) Table of Solubility in Water i insoluble (forms solid precipitate) (s) aq soluble (aq) ss slightly soluble (= mostly insoluble) d* decomposes Aluminum ss aq i aq i i i aq aq i aq d* Ammonium aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq Barium aq aq i aq i ss aq aq aq i i aq Calcium aq aq i aq aq i ss aq aq i ss ss Copper (II) aq aq i aq i i i i aq i aq i Hydrogen (acids) aq aq aq aq aq aq H2O (l) aq aq aq aq Iron (II) aq aq i aq i i i aq aq i aq i Iron (III) aq aq i aq i i i aq aq i ss i Lead (II) aq ss i ss i i i ss aq i i i Magnesium aq aq i aq aq i i aq aq i aq i Mercury (I) ss i i i ss i i i aq i ss i Mercury (II) aq ss i aq ss i i i aq i d* i Potassium aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq Silver ss i i i ss i i i aq i ss i Sodium aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq aq Zinc aq aq i aq aq i i aq aq i aq i ss (g) D Solubility of Some Ionic Compounds in Water (Soluble means more than.1 mole will dissolve per liter Negative Ions (anions) Positive Ions (cations) All Alkali ions*, H and NH 4 Acetate, CH 3 COO Nitrate, NO 3 Chlorate, ClO 3 Perchlorate, ClO 4 All Fluoride, F Alkali ions*, H and NH 4 Chloride, Cl Bromide, Br Iodide, I Ag, Pb, Hg 2, Cu Chromate, CrO 4 2 Alkali ions*, Mg, Ca, H, NH 4 2 Alkali ions*, H and NH 4 Dichromate, Cr 2 O 7 2 Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb 2, Sulfate, SO 4 Hydroxide, OH Sulfide, S 2 3 Phosphate, PO 4 2 Carbonate, CO 3 2 Sulfite, SO 3 Alkali ions*, H and NH 4 Ca, Sr, Ba Alkali ions*, H and NH 4 Compounds which are: *Alkali ions include: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs (Alkali metals, Group 1) R 3
F Charge = 1 ammonium NH 4 hydrogen, hydronium H, H 3 O acetate CH 3 COO or 1 C 2 H 3 O 2 bicarbonate, hydrogen carbonate HCO 3 borate 3 BO 3 carbonate 2 CO 3 chlorate 1 ClO 3 chlorite ClO 2 chromate 2 CrO 4 cyanide CN 111 dichromate 2 Cr 2 O 7 dihydrogen phosphate H 2 PO 4 ferricyanide 3 Fe(CN) 6 hydrogen oxalate, binoxalate HC 2 O 4 hydrogen sulfate, bisulfate HSO 4 1 hydrogen sulfide, bisulfide HS hydrogen sulfite, bisulfite HSO 3 hydroxide OH 1 hypochlorite ClO monohydrogen phosphate 2 HPO 4 nitrate NO 3 nitrite NO 2 1 1 oxalate 2 C 2 O 4 perchlorate ClO 4 SELECTED POLYATOMIC IONS POSITIVE POLYATOMIC IONS (CATIONS) NEGATIVE POLYATOMIC IONS (ANIONS) Charge = mercury (I), dimercury (I), mercurous Hg 2 permanganate MnO 4 phosphate 3 PO 4 sulfate 2 SO 4 sulfite 2 SO 3 thiocyanate SCN 11 thiosulfate 2 S 2 O 3 SELECTED NEGATIVE IONS (ANIONS) Charge = 1 (Group 17) fluoride F chloride Cl bromide Br iodide I Charge = 2 (Group 16) oxide O 2 sulfide S 2 selenide Se 2 telluride Te 2 Charge = 3 (Group 15) nitride N 3 phosphide P 3 arsenide As 3 O Vapor Pressure of Water C Torr C Torr 4.6 26 25.2 5 6.5 27 26.7 1 9.2 28 28.3 15 12.8 29 3. 16 13.6 3 31.8 17 14.5 4 55.3 18 15.5 5 92.5 19 16.5 6 149.4 2 17.5 7 233.7 21 18.7 8 355.1 22 19.8 9 525.8 23 21.1 1 76. 24 22.4 15 96.1 25 23.8 11 174.6 R 4
Compound G Heat of Formation Reactions, H f Formation Reaction H f (kj) AlCl 3 (s) Al(s) 3/2 Cl 2 (g) AlCl 3 (s) 75.6 kj 75.6 Br 2 (g) Br 2 (l) 3.91 kj Br 2 (g) 3.91 CH 4 (g) C(s) 2H 2 (g) CH 4 (g) 74.86 kj 74.86 C 2 H 6 (g) 2C(s) 3H 2 (g) C 2 H 6 (g) 84.68 kj 84.68 C 3 H 8 (g) 3C(s) 4H 2 (g) C 3 H 8 (g) 13.85 kj 13.85 CH 3 OH(l) C(s) ½ O 2 (g) 2H 2 (g) CH 3 OH(l) 238.5 kj 238.5 CO(g) C(s) ½ O 2 (g) CO(g) 11.5 kj 11.5 CO 2 (g) C(s) O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) 393.5 kj 393.5 CaO(s) Ca(s) ½ O 2 (g) CaO(s) 635.1 kj 635.1 Ca(OH) 2 (s) Ca(s) O 2 (g) H 2 (g) Ca(OH) 2 (s) 986.2 kj 986.2 Fe 2 O 3 (s) 2Fe(s) 3/2 O 2 (g) Fe 2 O 3 (s) 822.1 kj 822.1 H 2 O(g) H 2 (g) ½ O 2 (g) H 2 O(g) 241.8 Kj 241.8 H 2 O(l) H 2 (g) ½ O 2 (g) H 2 O(l) 285.8 kj 285.8 H 2 O 2 (l) H 2 (g) O 2 (g) H 2 O 2 (l) 187.8 kj 187.8 HBr(g) ½ H 2 (g) ½ Br 2 (g) HBr(g) 36.2 kj 36.2 HCl(g) ½ H 2 (g) ½ Cl 2 (g) HCl(g) 92.31 kj 92.31 H 2 S(g) H 2 (g) S(s) H 2 S(g) 2.1 kj 2.1 NH 3 (g) ½ N 2 (g) 3/2 H 2 (g) NH 3 (g) 46.19 kj 46.19 NO(g) ½ N 2 (g) ½ O 2 (g) 9.37 kj NO(g) 9.37 NOCl(g) NO 2 (g) N 2 O 4 (g) NaBr(s) NaCl(s) O 3 (g) SO 2 (g) SO 3 (g) ½ N 2 (g) ½ O 2 (g) ½ Cl 2 (g) 52.6 kj NOCl(g) ½ N 2 (g) O 2 (g) 33.85 kj NO 2 (g) N 2 (g) 2O 2 (g) 9.66 kj N 2 O 4 (g) Na(s) ½ Br 2 (g) NaBr(s) 361.4 kj Na(s) ½ Cl 2 (g) NaCl(s) 47. kj 3/2 O 2 (g) 142.2 kj O 3 (g) S(s) O 2 (g) SO 2 (g) 296.8 kj S(s) 3/2 O 2 (g) SO 3 (g) 395.7 kj 52.6 33.85 9.66 361.4 47. 142.2 296.8 395.7 R 5
I Heats of Reaction at 1 atm and 25 C Reaction H (kcal) CH 4 (g) 2O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) 2H 2 O(l) 212.8 C 3 H 8 (g) 5O 2 (g) 3CO 2 (g) 4H 2 O(l) 53.6 CH 3 OH(l) 3/2O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) 2H 2 O(l) 173.6 C 6H 12O 6(s) 6O 2(g) 6CO 2 (g) 6H 2 O(l) 669.9 CO(g) ½ O 2(g) CO 2 (g) 67.7 C 8 H 18 (l) 25/2 O 2 (g) 8CO 2 (g) 9H 2 O(l) 132.7 KNO 3 (s) K (aq) NO 3 (ag) 8.3 NaOH(s) Na (aq) OH (aq) 1.6 NH 4 Cl(s) NH 4 (aq) Cl (aq) 3.5 NH 4 NO 3 (s) NH 4 (aq) NO 3 (aq) 6.1 NaCl(s) Na (aq) Cl (aq).9 KClO 3(s) K (aq) ClO 3 (aq) 9.9 LiBr(s) Li (aq) Br (aq) 1.7 H (aq) OH (aq) H 2 O(l) 13.8 K Ionization Energy and Electronegativity Values 1 18 313 H 2.2 125 Li 1. 119 Na.9 1 K.8 96 Rb.8 9 Cs.7 Fr.7 First Ionization Energy (Kcal/mol of atoms) Electronegativity (based on Fluorine = 4.) 2 13 14 15 16 17 215 Be 1.5 176 Mg 1.2 141 Ca 1. 131 Sr 1. 12 Ba.9 122 Ra.9 B 191 2. 138 Al 1.5 138 Ga 1.6 133 In 1.7 141 Tl 1.8 26 C 2.6 188 Si 1.9 182 Ge 1.9 169 Sn 1.8 171 Pb 1.8 336 N 3.1 242 P 2.2 226 As 2. 199 Sb 2.1 168 Bi 1.9 314 O 3.5 239 S 2.6 225 Se 2.5 28 Te 2.3 194 Po 2. 42 F 4. 3 Cl 3.2 273 Br 2.9 I 241 2.7 At 2.2 567 He 497 Ne 363 Ar 323 Kr 28 Xe 248 Rn J Table of Isotopes Particle Mass (amu) Abundance 1 e.55 1 1 p 1.728 1 n 1.867 1 1 H 1.782 99.995% 2 1 H 2.141.15% 3 1 H 3.165 3 2 He 3.163.1% 4 2 He 4.26 99.9999% 6 3 Li 6.1512 7.42% 7 3 Li 7.16 92.58% 12 6 C 12. 98.9% 13 6 C 13.336 1.1% 24 12 Mg 23.9855 78.9% 25 12 Mg 24.91584 1.% 26 12 Mg 25.9826 11.1% 35 17 Cl 34.96885 57.77% 37 17 Cl 36.9659 24.23% 63 29 Cu 62.9298 67.17% 65 29 Cu 64.92779 3.83% R 6
L Relative Strengths of Acids in Aqueous Solutions at Room Temperature All acids are aqueous (aq) HB H (aq) B (aq) R 7 H B K A HB Acid Strength Reaction K a perchloric acid Very HClO 4 H ClO 4 Very large hydroiodic acid Strong HI H I Very large hydrobromic acid HBr H Br Very large hydrochloric acid HCl H Cl Very large nitric acid HNO 3 H NO 3 Very large sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 H HSO 4 Large Strong orange IV H(ind) H Ind ~1 2 oxalic acid HOOCCOOH H HOOCCOO 5.4 x 1 2 sulfurous acid H 2 SO 3 H HSO 3 hydrogen sulfate ion HSO 4 H SO 4 2 phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 H H 2 PO 4 1.7 x1 2 1.3 x 1 2 7.1 x 1 3 ferric ion Fe(H 2 O) 3 6 H Fe(H 2 O) 5 (OH) 2 6 x 1 3 hydrogen telluride Weak H 2 Te H HTe 2.3 x 1 3 citric acid H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 H H 2 C 6 H 5 O 7 7.4 x 1 4 methyl orange H(ind) H Ind ~ 1 4 hydrofluoric acid HF H F 6.7 x 1 4 nitrous acid HNO 2 H NO 2 5.1 x 1 4 hydrogen selenide H 2 Se H HSe 1.7 x 1 4 chromic ion Cr(H 2 O) 6 3 H Cr(H 2 O) 5 (OH) 2 1 x 1 4 benzoic acid C 6 H 5 COOH H C 6 H 5 COO 6.6 x 1 5 hydrogen oxalate ion HOOCCOO H OOCCOO 2 5.4 x 1 5 acetic acid CH 3 COOH H CH 3 COO 1.8 x 1 5 Weaker dihydrogen citrate H 2 C 6 H 5 O 7 H 2 HC 6 H 5 O 7 1.7 x 1 5 aluminum ion Al(H 2 O) 6 3 H Al(H 2 O) 5 (OH) 2 1 x 1 5 carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 H HCO 3 hydrogen citrate HC 6 H 5 O 7 2 H C 6 H 5 O 7 3 4.4 x 1 7 4. x 1 7 hydrogen sulfide H 2 S H HS 1. x 1 7 dihydrogen phosphate ion H 2 PO 4 H HPO 4 2 hydrogen sulfite ion HSO 3 H SO 3 2 6.3 x 1 8 6.2 x 1 8 phenolphthalein H(ind) H Ind ~ 1 9 alizarin yellow H(ind) H Ind ~1 1 ammonium ion NH 4 H NH 3 5.7 x 1 1 boric acid H 3 BO 3 H H 2 BO 3 5.8 x 1 1 hydrogen telluride ion HTe H Te 2 1 x 1 11 hydrogen carbonate ion HCO 3 H CO 3 2 4.7 x 1 11 indigo carmine H(ind) H Ind ~ 1 12 hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 H HO 2 2.4 x 1 12 monohydrogen phosphate ion HPO 4 2 H PO 4 3 4.4 x 1 13 hydrogen sulfate ion HS H S 2 1.3 x 1 13 water Very H 2 O H OH 1.8 x 1 16 hydroxide ion Weak OH H O 2 < 1 36 ammonia NH 3 H NH 2 very small
N Very Strong Oxidizing Agents Very Weak Oxidizing Agents Standard Reduction Potentials for Half Reactions Ionic concentrations, 1M in water at 25 C Reduced Chemical Oxidized Chemical volts F 2 (g) 2e 2F 2.87 Very Weak H 2 O 2 2H 2e 2H 2 O 1.77 4H SO 2 4 PbO 2 2e PbSO 4 2H 2 O 1.68 MnO 1 4 8H 5e Mn 4H 2 O 1.52 Au 3e Au 1.5 Cl 2 (g) 2e 2Cl 1.36 Cr 2 O 2 7 14H 6e 2Cr 7H 2 O 1.33 MnO 2 4H 2e Mn 2H 2 O 1.28 O 2(g) 4H 4e 2H 2 O 1.23 Br 2 (l) 2e 2Br 1.6 AuCl 4 3e Au 4Cl 1. NO 3 4H 3e NO 2H 2 O.96 ClO H 2 O 2e Cl 2OH.9 Ag e Ag.8 Hg 2 2e 2Hg (l).79 Hg 2e Hg (l).78 NO 3 2H e NO 2(g) H 2 O.78 Fe 3 e Fe.77 O 2(g) 2H 2e H 2 O 2.68 I 2 (s) 2e 2I.53 Cu 2e Cu.34 SO 2 4 4H 2e SO 2(g) 2H 2 O.17 Cu e Cu.15 Sn 2e Sn.15 2H 2e H 2. Fe 3e Fe.4 Pb 2e Pb.13 Sn 2e Sn.14 Ni 2e Ni.25 Co 2e Co.28 PbSO 4 2e 2 Pb SO 4.36 1/8Se 8 2H 2e H 2 Se.4 Cr 1e Cr.41 Fe 2e Fe.44 Ag 2 S 2e 2Ag S 2.69 Cr 3e Cr.74 Zn 2e Zn.76 2H 2 O (l) 2e H 2(g) 2OH.83 Mn 2e Mn 1.18 Al 3e Al 1.66 Mg 2e Mg 2.37 Na e Na 2.71 Ca 2e Ca 2.87 Sr 2e Sr 2.89 Ba 2e Ba 2.9 Cs e Cs 2.92 K 2e K 2.92 Rb e Rb 2.92 Li e Li 3. Reducing Agents Very Strong Reducing Agents R 8
Selected * Oxidation Numbers 1 1 H 3 Li 1± 1 4 Be Oxidation Number(s) (Created 2/9/6) 2 13 14 15* 16* 17* 5 6 7 8 9 B N O F C 4± 11 12 13 14 15 Na 1 Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Al Si P 4± 19 K 1 2 21 22 Ca Sc Ti 37 38 39 Rb 1 Sr Y 23 V 24 Cr 4 41 42 Zr Nb Mo 25 Mn 43 Tc 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 Cs 1 Ba La Hf Ta W Re 87 88 89 14 15 Fr 1 Ra Ac Rf Db 16 Sg 17 Bh 3 3 16 S 2 2 17 Cl 1 1 18 2 He 1 Ne 18 Ar 26 27 28 29 3 31 32 33 34 35 36 Fe Co Ni Cu 1 Zn 7 Ga Ge As 4± 3 Se 2 Br 1 Kr 44 Ru 7 76 Os 7 18 Hs 45 Rh 77 Ir 19 Mt 46 47 48 49 5 51 52 53 Pd Ag 1 Cd In Sn Sb 3± Te 2 I 1 54 Xe 78 79 8 81 82 83 84 85 86 Pt Au 1 Hg 1 Tl 1 Pb Bi Po At 1 Rn 11 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Nh 114 Fl 115 Mc 116 Lv 117 Ts 118 Og Skyline High School 58 59 Ce 9 Th Pr 91 Pa 6 61 Nd 92 U Pm 93 Np 62 63 Sm 94 Pu Eu 95 Am 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 67 Ho 99 Es 68 Er 1 Fm 69 7 Tm Yb 11 12 Md No 71 Lu 13 Lr R 9
Period Number KEY Periodic Table for General Chemistry Skyine High School 1 <Group number 18 1 Atomic Number 2 1 H Symbol He Hydrogen Element Name Helium 1.8 2 Atomic Mass <Weighted average mass of all isotopes 13 14 15 16 17 4.3 Group number> 3 4 Mass in ( ) = most common isotope 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 6.94 9.1 Things to know: Metals NonMetals Transition Metals Metalloids 1.81 12.1 14.1 16. 19. 2.18 11 12 Groups: Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Halogens Noble Gases 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 22.99 24.31 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 26.98 28.9 3.97 32.7 35.45 39.95 19 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 31 32 33 34 35 36 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton 39.1 4.8 44.96 47.87 5.95 52. 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.41 69.72 72.64 74.92 78.96 79.9 83.8 37 38 39 4 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 5 51 52 53 54 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 11.7 12.91 16.42 17.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.6 126.9 131.29 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 8 81 82 83 84 85 86 6 Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon 132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 18.95 183.84 186.21 19.23 192.22 195.8 196.97 2.59 24.38 27.2 28.98 (29) (21) (222) 87 88 89 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 7 Fr Ra Ac** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson (223) (226) (227) (261) (262) (266) (264) (277) (268) (271) (272) (285) (286) (289) (289) (293) (294) (294) 58 59 6 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 7 71 *Lanthanide Series Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium 14.12 14.91 144.27 (145) 15.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.5 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.4 174.97 9 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 1 11 12 13 **Actinide Series Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium 232.4 231.4 238.3 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262) R 1 Radioactive element 9934c.xls R 1
R 11