CDM and NAMA in India looking back (1) and looking forward (2) Mumbai, 8 th of October 2014 Enrico Rubertus Project Director GIZ New Delhi Seite 1
Background The first commitment period of Kyoto Protocol has ended right time to review and assess the future options HCA given by MoEF on the basis of PDD demonstrating that the proposed project meets the Sustainable Development criteria However, lack of information on SD impacts; no study exists with primary data Conflicting opinions on Sustainable Development Impact of CDM MoEF requested GIZ to conduct the Study on Impacts of CDM and future scenarios Seite 2
Number of HCA and UNFCCC registration India/ Year (October 2014) 700 600 500 No of projects accorded HCA No of Projects Registered by UNFCCC 626 569 400 300 200 100 0 182 189 161 124 134 82 94 102 80 73 38 43 70 0 17 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total HCA: 2938 Projects Approx. INR 160,000 Cr Investment Total UNFCCC: 1528 Projects Approx. CER 196 Million generated 04/11/2014 246 343 344 393 358 249 Seite 3
(15) Agriculture 3 (14) Afforestation and reforestation 18 (13) Waste handling and disposal 69 (12) Solvent use 0 (11) Fugitive emissions from (production and 6 (10) Fugitive emissions from fuels (solid, oil 3 (09)Metal Production 4 (08) Mining/mineral production 4 (07) Transport 13 (06)Construction 0 (05)Chemical industries 18 (04)Manufacturing industries (03)Energy demand (02) Energy distribution 9 (01)Energy industries (renewable-/ non- 235 220 2.225 Seite 4
State Investment in CDM projects (INR million) Gujarat 2,62,427 AP 2,32,376 Maharashtra 1,81,016 HP 1,67,858 MP 1,57,034 Tamil Nadu 1,41,966 Karnataka 1,07,870 Delhi 1,05,080 Rajasthan 76,744 Uttarakhand 47,572 Multistate 37,959 Jharkhand 25,739 Sikkim 25,256 Uttar Pradesh 20,392 J&K 12,323 Punjab 11,211 Orissa 9,468 Haryana 6,689 West Bengal 4,294 Bihar 2,007 Kerala 1,632 Goa 1,272 Haryana Transport 1 Landfill gas 1 Afforestation - 1 Gujarat Wind 54 Solar 14 EE industry 13 Fossil fuel switch 7 HFC - 2 Punjab Biomass- 25 Hydro- 5 Methane avoid. - 3 Rajasthan Wind 62 Biomass - 12 Solar 7 Cement - 2 Maharashtra Wind 77 Biomass 25 Hydro 6 N2O 4 Agriculture - 1 Karnataka Wind 51 Hydro 25 Biomass 18 Cement - 2 Solar - 7 Madhya Pradesh Wind 13 Biomass - 9 EE supply 2 Himachal Pradesh Hydro - 39 Reforestation - 1 New Delhi Landfill- 4 Transport - 2 Andhra Pradesh Biomass - 30 Methane avoid. -3 EE industry 7 Fossil fuel switch - 4 Tamil Nadu Wind 121 Biomass 20 EE own gen 5 HFCs - 2 Uttarakhand Hydro - 10 HFCs 1 EE own gen. - 1 Uttar Pradesh Biomass 34 EE household 4 EE industry - 9 Chhattisgarh Biomass - 18 EE own gen. - 18 State-wise distribution of projects Orissa EE household - 9 EE own gen. 8 Reforestation - 2 West Bengal EE supply side - 5 EE Industry 4 EE own gen.- 4 EE Service - 2 Other states 27 Seite 5
Identification of sustainable development indicators Process of assessment Sustainable development Indicators for the study Questionnaire PDDs Studies on CDM & SD Dimensions Indicators (Is) + UNFCCC s SD study MoEF s SD indicators Sub-indicators (SIs) Common Questionnaire + Project specific supplement Absolute reporting Scoring & ranking Data collation, Site visits, and FGDs Questionnaire disbursed to all project proponents (737 projects registered till 31 July 2011 Seite 6
Dimension Economic (20) Environment (32) Social (12) Technological (4) Sustainable development indicators (as per MoEF and UNFCCC Guidelines) Indicator Direct/indirect financial benefit for the local and/or regional economy Local/regional jobs generated directly/indirectly Investment in the local/regional infrastructure Efficient utilization of natural resources Reduction in noise, odors, dust or pollutants Improvement and/ or protection of natural resources Available utilities (supplying more or making use of less energy) Promotion of renewable energy Labour conditions and/or human rights Promotion of education Health and Safety Poverty Alleviation Engagement of local population Empowerment of women, care of children & frail Adoption of new local/imported technology Seite 7
Categorization of SD benefits Intrinsic Benefits: The sustainable development benefits from projects that occur due to the inherent nature of the activity. Secondary Benefits: The sustainable development benefits due to community development activities undertaken by the project proponent in the vicinity of the project. Example to illustrate the categorization Type of project Intrinsic benefits Wind energy Promotion of renewable project energy (Environment) Creation of jobs for the project activity (Economic) Secondary benefits Building of hospitals or schools for communities (Economic and Social) Conducting health camp in local areas (Social) Efficient cook stoves project Health benefits due to reduction of smoke (Social) Reduced drudgery on women as they need not walk to far away areas for fuel wood (Social) Supporting education for women (Social) Conducting community health check-ups over and above the project (Social) Seite 8
Cumulative scores for intrisic benefits 25 Intrinsic Sustainable Development Benefits 20 15 1 2 1 2,3 1 Technology Social Env Eco 2 10 12 7,1 8 2 0,1 0,2 6 4 0,3 5,1 2 1,8 1,2 1 2 2 2 5 8 4 4 5,2 4 4 2 2 2 1,6 0 5,5 6,3 4 2 5,3 6,5 5 4 4 3,1 4,3 3 4,5 4,3 3,6 Seite 9
Normalised scores against each dimension for SD SD after normalizing scores against each dimension 1,20 Technology Social 1,00 Env Eco 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 Seite 10
Recommendations Framework for SD impact reporting for future actions - SD impact monitoring system for future actions (first step MIS) - Mandate the projects to spend the 2% of their CER revenues SD projects - Best practices for individual sector projects should be made available Constitute a high level advisory group for policy advice on e.g. SD Impact, Equity, Loss and Damage, etc Develop domestic emission trading scheme - Domestic trading schemes for priority sectors / priority projects - The scheme could be supported by corporates who wish to voluntary off set their emissions or supported by the CSR funds or by GoI with National Clean Energy Fund Develop NAMAs building upon existing mitigation schemes while making use of CDM experience - Analyse existing schemes, develop national NAMA framework and selection criteria, make use of the CDM experience XXX Seite 11
Looking Forward Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) Seite 12
Indo-German Technical Cooperation project: Supporting the Development and Management of NAMA in India Indian Partner: Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Time period: 09. 2013 08. 2017 (4 Years) Budget: 3 Mio Euros The Indian Government has started using NAMAs as a potential mechanism for GHG mitigation and a NAMA cell in the Ministry of Environment and Forests provides technical support to relevant stakeholders. Component I Development NAMA in Waste and Forest Sector Component II Development of MRV System for the NAMA Component III MoEF NAMA Cell support Cross Cutting: Stakeholder involvement for long term sustainability Capacity building and facilitation of private sector cooperation 04/11/2014 Seite 13
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions NAMA Concept created in the Bali Action Plan (2007) at COP13 to denote [voluntary] mitigation actions by developing countries after 2012 Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner. Categories: Unilateral/ domestic Supported Credited Mixed/ hybrid Seite 14
Identifying NAMAs from domestic policies National Action Plan on Climate Change Specifically the 4 missions closely related to climate change mitigation State Action Plans on Climate Change (Many Indian states and UTs have developed detailed action plans 04/11/2014 NAMA submission ideas for India Other schemes National Clean Energy Fund National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 CDM projects Others Growth plans 12 th five year plan Low carbon growth strategy of Planning Commission Seite 15
Summary of potential NAMAs (selected few) Sectors NAMA title Source/ scheme Power Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission National Tariff Policy National Clean Energy Fund National Wind Energy Mission Super efficient equipment program National Action Plan on Climate Change Electricity Act Ad-hoc scheme; through coal cess Proposed in 12 th 5 year plan Proposed in 12 th 5 year plan Forestry Industry Transport Buildings National Mission for a Green India Compensatory Afforestation Fund Carbon credit programme for afforestation PAT scheme, NMEEE Market transformation for Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency financing scheme Framework for EE Economic Development National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 Vehicle fuel efficiency scheme Improving efficiency of freight transport Mass transport projects National Mission for Sustainable Habitat Green building codes National Action Plan on Climate Change Ad-hoc scheme Proposed in 12 th 5 year plan All four through National Action Plan on Climate Change Ad-hoc mission by Dept. of Heavy Industries Program proposed by BEE Started implementation through 11 th 5 yr plan Ad-hoc schemes (JNNURM, metro rail, etc.) National Action Plan on Climate Change Ad-hoc programs by various agencies 04/11/2014 Seite 16
Sustainable development potential of identified NAMAs Abatement cost Sustainable development potential NAMA Social Eco Env Tech Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission National Tariff Policy National Clean Energy Fund National Wind Energy Mission Super efficient equipment program National Mission for a Green India Compensatory Afforestation Fund Carbon credit programme for afforestation PAT scheme, NMEEE Market transformation for Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency financing scheme Framework for EE Economic Development National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020 Vehicle fuel efficiency scheme Improving efficiency of freight transport Mass transport projects National Mission for Sustainable Habitat Green building codes 04/11/2014 Seite 17
GHG Emissions Credited NAMAs Higher cost per ton More stringent MRV Another way to look at NAMAs Multi Sectoral Business as Usual Baseline (Aggregated) Internationally supported NAMAs Past trend and current state of GHG emissions Future path of GHG emissions Unilateral/ domestically supported NAMAs T0 T1 Tn 2020 Year 04/11/2014 Seite 18
GHG Emissions Credited NAMAs JNNSM in case of international support Baseline emissions from power sector GHG reductions of 1.42 MtCO 2 / annum from unilateral JNNSM Emissions from power sector after JNNSM Emissions from power sector after JNNSM including international support Additional GHG reductions of 0.5 MtCO 2 /annum from international support of 20 mill * Assuming 40 /tco 2 as abatement cost from solar PV T0 T1 Tn 2020 Year 04/11/2014 Seite 19
Possible selection criteria for NAMAs Sustainable development co-benefits economic, environmental, social, technological and improvements in institutional arrangement Potential for additional GHG mitigation Leverage potential/ financial ambition Sectoral transformation Regional transformation Key performance indicators Monitoring methodology Institutional arrangement Reporting schedule Verification methodology Alignment with international verification requirements Eligibility criteria Feasibility criteria Ambition criteria MRV NAMA title, type NAMA proponent & supporter Host country support Duration Sector (to be selected from list) Technology Geographical reach & national appropriateness Mitigation potential Support requested financial, technological, capacity building 04/11/2014 NAMA concept and rationale Institutional policies & regulatory frameworks Stakeholder involvement Starting situation Implementation methodology, NAMA outputs & outcomes Current state of implementation beneficiaries Barriers & risks Financial resources, funding status and sources Seite 20
Proposals Line Ministry Line Ministry Line Ministry Line Ministry Line Ministry Line Ministry Line Ministry Helpdesk, guidelines Possible India NAMA Framework MoEFCC India NAMA Framework NAMA Cell National Policies and Schemes 04/11/2014 Seite 21
Thank you! Contact Enrico Rubertus Project Director Development and Management of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in India Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH B-5/2, Safdarjung Enclave New Delhi 110029 enrico.rubertus@giz.de 04/11/2014 Seite 22