NITRONIC 30 STAINLESS STEEL

NITRONIC 3 STAINLESS STEEL P R O D U C T D ATA B U L L E T I N High Strength Economical Wet Abrasion Resistance Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance Aqueous and Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance Applications Potential NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel offers significantly higher strength than Type 34 and potential for applications requiring good resistance to aqueous and atmospheric corrosion resistance combined with good toughness and economy. The nickel content is among the lowest of all commercially available austenitic steels. Specific potential applications include automotive hose clamps, safety belt anchors, truck and bus frames, water supply and control structures, sewage treatment plant structures, bulk solids handling equipment, magnetic ore separator screens, coal buckets and hopper cars. N I T R O N I C 3 S TA I N L E S S S T E E L

TABLE OF CONTENTS Product Description... 1 Composition... 1 Available Forms... 1 Specifications... 1 Mechanical Properties... 2 Stress Rupture Strength... 5 Fatigue Strength... 6 Wear Resistance... 8 Corrosion Resistance... 13 Oxidation Resistance... 15 Weldability... 16 Cryogenic Impact Properties... 18 Formability... 19 Physical Properties... 2

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Stainless steels have served successfully in many structural components in the transportation industry. Bus space frames and bumpers take advantage of the excellent fabricability and high strength and toughness of stainless steel. Tensilized NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel has been used in rapid transit structurals where the strength-to-weight ratio of up to three times that of carbon steel has improved operating efficiency. Rear frames of refrigerated trucks are easily welded and formed from NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel, resulting in protective units that can withstand impact blows without cracking. Shipboard container structurals use stainless steel successfully where carbon steel becomes scuffed and rusts wherever the paint is damaged. NITRONIC 3 is a nitrogen-strengthened austenitic stainless steel developed for applications requiring a good level of aqueous corrosion resistance combined with toughness and economy. NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel provides approximately 5% higher yield strength than Type 34L and, therefore, may allow lighter gauges to further reduce costs. NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel work hardens rapidly while retaining ductility. Unlike some other nitrogen-strengthened stainless steels, NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel is subject to magnetic transformation and TRIP behavior when cold worked. COMPOSITION (wt %) Carbon (C).3 max. Manganese (Mn) 7. 9. Phosphorus (P).4 max. Sulfur (S).3 max. Silicon (Si) 1. max. Chromium (Cr) 15. 17. Nickel (Ni) 1.5 3. Nitrogen (N).15.3 Copper (Cu) 1. max. AVAILABLE FORMS NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel is available in sheet, strip and plate in thicknesses from.2.25 in. (.5 6.4 mm) and up to and including 48 in. (1219 mm) wide. For other product forms, please contact your AK Steel sales representative. The values shown in this bulletin were established in U.S. customary units. The metric equivalents of U.S. customary units shown may be approximate. SPECIFICATIONS NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel is listed as Grade in: ASTM A24 Plate, Sheet and Strip for Pressure Vessels. ASTM A666 Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate and Flat Bar. 1

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES As noted in Table 1, NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel has annealed tensile properties which are well above those of typical austenitic alloys such as Type 34L. Excellent elongation is also maintained. This higher strength affords the opportunity to reduce gauge at equivalent engineering loads. The high work-hardening rate or TRIP behavior of NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel results in a high-strength material with elongation equal or superior to Type 34L with the same cold reduction. Comparative properties are shown in Table 4 and provided graphically in Figure 1. Table 5 presents additional data on the effect of cold reduction at heavy gauge. Such cold reductions would produce a smoother surface and reduce the coefficient of friction for sliding applications such as coal chutes. TABLE 1 TYPICAL ROOM-TEMPERATURE SHEET AND STRIP PROPERTIES*.2% YS Elongation % in 2" (5.8 mm) 11 (758) 55 (379) 5 B95 *Average of duplicate tests. TABLE 2 PROPERTIES ACCEPTABLE FOR MATERIAL SPECIFICATION Condition Annealed ASTM Spec. A24 A666.2% YS Elongation % in 2" (5.8 mm) 95 min. (655) 48 min. (331) 35 min. B1 max. Free Bend 18-1T 1/4 Hard A666 14 min. (965) 1 min. (689) 2 min..5 in., 18-1T >.5 in..1874 in., 9-2T TABLE 3 TYPICAL ANNEALED PLATE PROPERTIES Thickness in. (mm).2% YS Elongation % in 2" (5.8 mm).375 (1) 114 (786) 57 (393) 56 B94 CVN ft. lbs. (J).875 (22) 124 (855) 5 (345) 5 B92 217 (244) 2 (5.8) 12 (827) 52 (358) 54 2

FIGURE 1 EFFECT OF COLD REDUCTION ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF NITRONIC 3 2 175 15 125 Strength, ksi. 1 1 75 5 25 Type 34 NITRONIC 3 SS 75 5 25 %Elongation in 2" 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 % Cold Reduction TABLE 4 EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON TENSILE PROPERTIES (Laboratory data for comparison only not for specification) % Cold Work NITRONIC 3* Type 34 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 125 15 173 194 27 89 11 13 148 167 (862) (134) (1193) (1338) (1467) (614) (758) (896) (12) (1151).2% YS 57 86 113 142 172 35 7 1 125 15 * Average of five thickness ranges.215.26 in. (5.5.7 mm). (393) (593) (779) (979) (1186) (241) (483) (689) (862) (134) Elongation % in 2" (5.8 mm) 49 35 25 18 15 61 4 27 2 13 B95 C31 C37 C43 C45 B74 C21 C3 C36 C39 3

EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON MARTENSITE FORMATION Unlike most other NITRONIC alloys, NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel will undergo magnetic transformation due to cold reduction. This magnetism is the result of forming deformation martensite with cold work. This martensite increases the strength, work-hardening rate and abrasion resistance of the alloy. TABLE 5 TYPICAL TENSILE PROPERTIES 1/4-HARD AK STEEL NITRONIC 3 PLATE Thickness in. (mm) Direction.1875* (4.8) Longitudinal Transverse.25** (6.4) Longitudinal Transverse * Duplicates 1 heat. ** 5 Tests 2 heats. 148. 148.6 144.7 146.6 (12) (125) (998) (111).2% YS 14. 111.4 11.8 11.1 (717) (768) (72) (759) TABLE 6 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF NITRONIC 3 SHEET* % Cold Work Ferrite Number* 12 16 21 Elongation % in 2" (5.8 mm) 35.5 31.5 35.5 29.6 2 4 9 * As determined from a Ferritescope by Fisher Technology. The Ferritescope measures the % magnetic phase. Ferrite Number is, therefore, proportional to the amount of martensite present. C34 C34 C34 C34 Bend 18 11 11 Test Temperature F ( C) 75 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 (24) (93) (149) (24) (26) (316) (371) (427) (482) (538) 122.5 1.3 86.8 81.4 79.3 79.3 76.7 73.4 7.3 66.5 (844) (691) (599) (561) (547) (547) (529) (56) (485) (458).2% YS 63.1 47.3 41.1 37.6 34.9 33.8 31.4 3. 28.6 27.1 (437) (326) (284) (259) (24) (234) (217) (27) (197) (187) Elongation % in 2" (5.8 mm) 46.8 63.3 53.7 44.8 41.3 41.3 44.3 43.7 4.7 34.1 B97 *.88 in. (2.2 mm) and.74 in. (1.9 mm) thicknesses, average of 6 tests from 2 heats. TABLE 7 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF NITRONIC 3 PLATE* Test Temperature F ( C) 75 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 (24) (93) (149) (24) (26) (316) (371) (427) (482) (538) 123.3 91.4 78.2 71.8 7.6 7.7 69.5 66.7 63.7 6.4 (85) (63) (539) (496) (487) (488) (48) (46) (439) (417).2% YS 52.4 38.6 32.1 27.6 26.4 25.3 24.4 22.7 22.4 2.4 (362) (266) (222) (19) (182) (174) (168) (157) (155) (131) *.875 in. (22.2 mm) and.1875 in. (4.8 mm) thicknesses, average of 4 tests from 2 heats. Elongation % in 2" (5.8 mm) 5. 77.8 65.5 48. 48.6 46.4 49. 48.3 47.7 42.9 B93 4

FIGURE 2 TYPICAL ENGINEERING STRESS-STRAIN CURVES Typical engineering stress-strain curves for NITRONIC 3 and Type 34 Stainless Steel (tested in tension in the longitudinal direction) are shown in Figure 2. 5 7 4 6 Stress, MPa 3 2 Stress, ksi. 5 4 3.2% Yield Strength 1 2 Proportional Limit Type 34 NITRONIC 3 SS 1.1.2.3.4.5 Strain, in./in. (mm/mm).6 FIGURE 3 NITRONIC 3 STRESS RUPTURE AT 12 F (648 C) 1 (689) Type 34 NITRONIC 3 SS Stress, 32 (221) 23 (159) 24 (165) 17 (117) 1 (69) 1 Time to Failure, hrs. 1 5

NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel offers superior fatigue resistance due to its higher strength relative to other austenitic stainless steels like Type 34. Figures 4 through 7 show the excellent fatigue resistance of NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel that may benefit users in the transport and vibratory equipment industries. FIGURE 4 NITRONIC 3 UNIAXIAL FATIGUE.72 in. SHEET COLD ROLLED + ANNEALED R =.5 TRANSVERSE DIRECTION 15 1 95 Maximum Stress, ksi. 9 85 8 121. YS 54.6 %EL 51.5 HRB 94 75 ENDURANCE LIMIT = 7 ksi. 7 65 1.E+4 1.E+5 1.E+6 1.E+7 1.E+8 Number Of Cycles FIGURE 5 NITRONIC 3 REVERSE BEND FATIGUE.72 in. SHEET COLD ROLLED + ANNEALED R = -1 TRANSVERSE DIRECTION 7 65 ENDURANCE LIMIT = 59 ksi. 6 55 Maximum Stress, ksi. 5 45 4 116.5 YS 64.4 %EL 5. HRB 97 Type 34 NITRONIC 3 SS 35 3 1.E+4 1.E+5 1.E+6 1.E+7 1.E+8 Number Of Cycles 6

FIGURE 6 NITRONIC 3 UNIAXIAL FATIGUE.1875 in. PLATE HOT ROLLED + ANNEALED R =.1, 16 TO 2 Hz, TRANSVERSE DIRECTION 9 85 8 Type 34 NITRONIC 3 SS Maximum Stress, ksi. 75 7 65 6 55 119 YS 59.3 %EL 53.1 HRB 95 ENDURANCE LIMIT = 6 ksi. 5 45 4 1.E+3 1.E+4 1.E+5 1.E+6 1.E+7 Number Of Cycles FIGURE 7 NITRONIC 3 NOTCHED UNIAXIAL FATIGUE.1875 in. PLATE HOT ROLLED + ANNEALED R =.1, 16 Hz, Kt = 3, TRANSVERSE DIRECTION 6 55 Maximum Stress, ksi. 5 45 4 35 119 YS 59.3 %EL 53.1 HRB 95 ENDURANCE LIMIT = 34 ksi. 3 1.E+4 1.E+5 1.E+6 1.E+7 1.E+8 Number Of Cycles 7

WEAR RESISTANCE The following tables and figures demonstrate the outstanding corrosive wear resistance of NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel under many different sliding conditions. The stainless steels as a class are much more abrasion resistant than abrasion resistant (AR) steels under even mildly corrosive conditions. NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel is more cost effective than Types 49 Ni and 34 which are sometimes used in wet abrasive applications. TABLE 8 METAL-TO-METAL WEAR* Alloy Wear, mg/1 cycles** 25 RPM 15 RPM 415 RPM 434 C52.8.7.5 Stellite 6 C48 1.1 1. 1.3 Hadfield Mn B95 1.7 1.2.4 NITRONIC 3 B93 1.9 3.3 2.2 NITRONIC 32 B95 2.4 7.4 3.1 413 (H+4 F S.R.) C47 3.8 9.4 Type 34 B85 13.9 12.8 7.6 17-4 PH (H9) C43 45.3 52.8 12.1 Type 41 (H+6 F S.R.) C4 244. 22.5 413 (H+1 F S.R.) C32 66. 258. Type 41 (Annealed) B95 261. 116. * Self-mated crossed cylinders, 16 lbs. (71 N), 1, or 4, cycles, unlubricated, in air, room temperature, corrected for density differences. ** Relative wear rate for comparison of alloys and not for design purposes. H-hardened S.R. stress relieved TABLE 9 METAL-TO-METAL WELD WEAR* Alloy Total Wear (mated to 17-4 PH, Condition H9), 15 RPM mg/1 cycles NITRONIC 3 Weld** C24 27.58 Type 42 Weld 115 F (621 C) Temper C34 68.32 * Self-mated crossed cylinders, 16 lbs. (71 N), 1, or 4, cycles, unlubricated, in air, room temperature, corrected for density differences. ** Weldment in stationary position. 8

TABLE 1 DRY ABRASIVE WEAR Alloy Alloy Wear-Mated to WC mm 3 /1, cycles Volume of Metal Removed Alloy Wear-Mated to SIC mm 3 /1, cycles 15 RPM 415 RPM 15 RPM 415 RPM 434 C52.1.1.8 Colmonoy 6 C56.1.8 2.9 2.2 NITRONIC 3 B93 1.9 3.3 3.8 11.3 NITRONIC 6 B95 2.8 2.3 NITRONIC 32 B95 4.2 4.3 7.1 6.8 Type 34 B85 6.2 13.2 25.2 13.5 TYPE 431 C42 9.8 1.5 22.6 17-4 PH C42 9.9 5.6 14.2 37.9 * Crossed cylinders, 16 lbs. (71 N), 1, or 4, cycles, unlubricated, in air, room temperature, corrected for density differences. TABLE 11 CORROSIVE WEAR HUB TEST* Alloy Wear, mm 3 5% NaCl +.5% Acetic Acid NITRONIC 3 B91 8.15 2.79 17-4 PH C46 11.95 3.32 NITRONIC 33 B94 13.74 3.4 Type 49 B85 28.5 1.56 Hadfield Mn B93 39.2 2.28 434 C49 45.47 2.27 * Abrasives: 2.5 liters pea gravel plus slag, 1 liter angular quartz, 4 hrs., 1 in./min. tip speed,.95 in. (2.4 mm) sheet thickness, triplicate tests, sheet specimens mounted on hub rotating in and out of slurry. Dry 9

FIGURE 8 CORROSIVE WEAR OF ALLOY AND STAINLESS STEELS 225.53 225 8 7 Hub Machine, tip speed 83 ft./min., 2 hours, R.T. 15 ml AFS 5/7 sand, 15 ml slag, 15 ml pea size gravel, ph 8.8 9.2, duplicates, specimens immersed 2.25 in. in slurry. Distilled water 15 ml 6 Wear, mm 3 5 44.86 5.34 4 34.48 3 2 17.71 18.58 1 11.18 Alloy Hard. (HR) NITRONIC 3 B9 Type 34 B75 Type 41 C33 Type 49 B85 Astralloy V C45 AISI 434 C48 661 Al B59 1

FIGURE 9 CORROSIVE WEAR OF ALLOY AND STAINLESS STEELS Ball Mill Synthetic Nickel Mine Water Speed 126 ft./min., R.T., ph 9.1 9.6 2 ml of 2 g/l sulfate +.2 g/l chloride ion 1 ml 1/4 in. + 1/8 in. and 1 ml 3/8 in. + 1/4 in. pea sized gravel 6 5 AISI 165 Astralloy V Type 34 17-4 PH NITRONIC 3 TABLE 12 BALL MILL TEST Alloy Wear mm 3 NITRONIC 3 B91 4.89 NITRONIC 33 B94 6.46 17-4 PH C46 7. Type 34 B75 7.76 Type 49 B85 1.15 Astralloy V C45 32.14 Type 434 C49 36.54 Corrosive Wear, mm 3 4 3 2 1 TABLE 13 CORROSIVE WEAR OF ALLOY AND STAINLESS STEELS IN A COAL MINE EFFLUENT* Alloy Cumulative Volume Loss, mm 3 Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Astralloy V C45 3.5 11.45 2.17 ANSI 434 C48 4.25 12.76 21.75 Type 49 B85 3.8 5.46 8.99 17-4 PH C44 1.51 4.55 7.39 NITRONIC 3 B9 1.31 4.27 7.13 Type 34 B75 1.58 4.98 8.3 Type 316 B73 2.8 7.39 12.56 * Test Conditions: Laboratory ball mill,.64 m/s, room temperature, Five 16-hr. periods, ph 6.7, 2 liters of coal mine effluent,.2 liters pea gravel 6.4 mm + 3.2 mm, duplicate sheet specimens. 16 32 48 64 8 Time, hrs. 11

TABLE 14 CORROSIVE WEAR OF STEEL, STAINLESS STEELS AND CAST IRONS IN A COAL PREPARATION PLANT Alloy mils/year Metal Loss µm/year NITRONIC 3 (Annealed) B94.3 8 NITRONIC 3 (Tensilized) C33.3 8 Type 34 B9.4 1 Type 316 B85.4 1 Type 41 (Annealed) B81.5 13 Type 31 C36.6 15 F459 (Ni Hard* #1) C55 1.6 41 F453 (Ni Hard* #4) C42 13.1 333 F451 (White Cast) C58 51.5 138 AISI 144 B84 68.4 1737 * Trademark of The International Nickel Co. TABLE 15 NITRONIC 3 STAINLESS STEEL THE RUST RESISTANT AR STEEL Category AR5 49 Ni Stainless Steel Type 34 Stainless Steel NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel Formability Very Poor Good Excellent Excellent Weldability Very Poor Good Excellent Excellent Impact Resistance Poor Fair Excellent Excellent Corrosive Wear (CW) 4.5 3.1 1.6 1. Alloy Cost Factor (ACF) 1. 1.16 1.49 1.42 Life Cycle Cost Factor (CW x ACF) 4.5 3.6 2.4 1.4 Typical Applications: buckets, ore separator screens, hopper cars, chutes, distributors 12

CORROSION RESISTANCE NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel exhibits good corrosion resistance to a variety of media. Pitting resistance, as measured by tests in 1% FeCl 3 solution, is better than Type 34. In sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel is much better than Types 49 and 41, and approaches Type 34 in more dilute solutions. However, caution should be used with reducing acids. Activated NITRONIC 3 may not repassivate when exposed to HCI or H 2 SO 4 and significant corrosion may occur. Typical laboratory test data obtained on these alloys are shown in Table 16. TABLE 16 IMMERSION TESTS IN VARIOUS MEDIA Corrosion Rates in IPY (unless otherwise indicated (1) ) Test Medium NITRONIC 3 Type 34 Type 49 Type 41 65% HNO 3 @ Boiling.43.1.671.266 5% H 3 PO 4 @ Boiling.8.8.48 12.1 @ 8 C 5% Formic @ 8 C <.1 <.1.56 (2).334 @ 35 C 1% H 2 SO 4 @ 8 C <.1.36 <.1.63 Dissolved 1. @ 1/2% H 2 SO 4 @ 35 C 1% HCl @ 35 C <.1.12 <.1.535 2.11 2% HCl @ 35 C.1 <.1.14 33% Acetic @ Boiling Nil Nil (1) Immersion tests of 1 x 2 in. sheet coupons in lab-annealed (195 F 5 min. AC) condition for NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel, and mill-annealed for the other alloys. Results are the average of duplicate specimens exposed for five 48-hour periods. Those specimens tested at 35 C and at 8 C were intentionally activated for the third, fourth and fifth periods. Where both active and passive conditions occurred, the averages of both are shown. (2) Average of three 48-hour periods, not activated. 13

INTERGRANULAR ATTACK Intergranular attack tests were performed following the procedures of ASTM A262 on duplicate annealed sheet specimens of NITRONIC 3 and Type 34 stainless steels. Before testing, some of these specimens were heat treated at 125 F (675 C) for one hour and air cooled to exaggerate the conditions that might be found in the heat-affected zones of heavy weldments. Results are shown in Table 17. STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING As shown by Table 18, the threshold stress for cracking of NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel in boiling 42% MgCl 2 solution is about 25 ksi. (172 MPa), compared with about 1 ksi. (69 MPa) for Types 34 and 34L. This suggests that NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel is more resistant than these alloys to cracking in hot MgCl 2 solutions at lower stress levels. At higher stress levels about 25 ksi. (172 MPa) and above the MgCl 2 stress corrosion cracking resistance of NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel appears similar to Types 34 and 34L. TABLE 17 INTERGRANULAR CORROSION RESISTANCE OF NITRONIC 3 Alloy NITRONIC 3 Type 34 Practice C Treatment Annealed 125 F (675 C) 1 hr. Annealed 125 F (675 C) 1 hr. Practice E Boiling 65% HNO 3 (Huey Test).34 IPM.52 IPM.1 IPM.62 IPM Copper Accelerated Copper Sulfate Passed Passed Passed Failed Badly Note that although the nitric acid attack rate for NITRONIC 3 in the annealed condition is higher than that for Type 34, it did not increase greatly with the 125 F (675 C) heat treatment. This indicates that there would be little tendency for preferential attack of weldments in service. NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel is currently limited to a maximum.3% carbon content. 14

OXIDATION RESISTANCE FIGURE 1 CYCLIC OXIDATION AT 1 F (538 C).25 Weight Gain, mg/in. 2.2.15.1.5 Type 34 NITRONIC 3 SS Number of Cycles 15 Min. Heating 5 Min. Cooling FIGURE 11 CYCLIC OXIDATION AT 125 F (677 C) 1 CYCLES OF 15 min. HEATING + 5 min. COOLING 1 Weight Gain, mg/in. 2 1 1 18.21 NITRONIC 3.28.73 Type 34 Type 321 Type 49 15

WELDABILITY The austenitic class of stainless steels is generally considered to be weldable by the common fusion and resistance techniques including high frequency tube and pipe welding. Special consideration is required to avoid weld hot cracking by assuring formation of ferrite in the weld deposit. This particular alloy is generally considered to have similar weldability to the most common alloy of this stainless class, Type 34L. A major difference is that the alloy requires slower arc welding speed to obtain penetration. When a weld filler is needed, AWS E/ER 38L, 39L and 29 are most often specified. Additional information concerning the welding of austenitic stainless steels can be obtained in the following references: 1. ANSI/AWS A5.9, A5.22, and A5.4 (stainless welding electrode specifications). 2. Welding of Stainless Steels and Other Joining Methods, SSINA, (www.ssina.com). 3. ANSI/AWS B2.1.9:22 (GTAW 3 s @.5.14 in.). 4. ANSI/AWS B2.1-8-24:21 (GTAW 3 s @.125 1.5 in.). 5. ANSI/AWS B2.1.13:1997 (SMAW 3 s @.5.14 in.). 6. ANSI/AWS B2.1-8-23-94 (SMAW 3 s @.125 1.5 in.). 7. ANSI/AWS B2.1.5:22 (GMAW 3 s @.5.14 in.). 8. ANSI/AWS D1.6/D1.6M:27 (Structural Welding Code Stainless Steel). 9. High Frequency Welding of Stainless Steel Tubes, by H. N. Udall and R. K. Nichols, Thermatool Corp. (www.thermatool.com) 16

TABLE 18 TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NITRONIC 3 IN AUTOGENOUS GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING* Area Tested Thickness in. (mm).2% YS Elongation % in 2" (5.8 mm) As-Welded (Stressed Transverse to Weld Direction).6 (1.52) 119.1 (821) 57.6 (397) 5.7 B87 Unwelded (Annealed).6 (1.52) 113. (779) 46.1 (318) 55.7 B87 Unwelded (As Hot Rolled).112 (2.8) 12.4 (829) 48.9 (337) 6. B9 * GTA Welded vs. Unwelded Annealed 25 F (1121 C) Mechanical properties from duplicate tests. TABLE 19 WELD BEND TEST RESULTS* Bend Direction Weld Face Weld Root Bend Diameter * NITRONIC 3 hot-rolled and pickled sheet (.112 in.) (2.8 mm) has been autogenous gas tungsten arc welded to make bend tests. Bend tests on this material (HR Condition) were successfully flattened ( bend diameter) when either the weld face or weld root was in tension, illustrating the excellent formability of as-welded NITRONIC 3 Stainless Steel. TABLE 2 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF NITRONIC 3 GTAW WELDED PIPE (1.25 in. (31.8 mm) OD,.135 in. (3.4 mm) WALL THICKNESS) Elongation % in 2" (5.8 mm) T T Base Metal* 4.1 C34 As-Welded** 37.8 * Taken from pipe side wall away from weld. **Weld parallel to specimen length; cut from pipe side wall. 1 heat duplicate tests. 17

CRYOGENIC IMPACT PROPERTIES FIGURE 12 IMPACT TOUGHNESS EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE IMPACT TOUGHNESS OF NITRONIC 3, TYPE 34 AND TYPE 49* 8 7 Impact Energy, in. lb./in. 2 6 5 4 3 X # Type 4 (.19 in. Gauge) NITRONIC 3 SS (.123.18 in. Gauge) Type 34 (.145.214 in. Gauge) 2 1 Ductile Brittle -125-1 -75-5 TABLE 21 CRYOGENIC IMPACT STRENGTH OF ANNEALED SHEET AND PLATE* Thickness in. (mm).13 (3).13 (3).13 (3).13 (3).1875 (5).5 (13) Direction Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse Transverse Transverse Number of Tests 2 2 2 2 3 5 Test Temperature F ( C) -1 (-73) -1 (-73) -32 (-196) -32 (-196) -32 (-196) -32 (-196) Weld Metal w/notch in HAZ** Impact Energy, W/A in. lbs./in. 2 (mm N/mm 2 ) 934 7257 5557 366 4626 5597 (1633) (1269) (972) (631) (89) (979) Lateral Expansion mils (mm) 18.5 15.2 9.6 7.5 21.7 27.8 (.73) (.6) (.38) (.29) (.86) (1.1).5 (13) Transverse 5-32 (-196) 468 (711) 18.5 (.73) * ASTM A353 and A2 ** With 38L Filler Metal -25 25 5 75 1 Test Temperature, F TABLE 22 CRYOGENIC IMPACT STRENGTH OF ANNEALED NITRONIC 3 STAINLESS STEEL PLATE Thickness in. (mm).875 (22) -1 (-73) -15 (-11) -32 (-195) * Average of 4 tests. Test Temperature F ( C) Direction Transverse 125* 77 25 Impact Strength Charpy V-Notch ft. lbs. (J) (167) (13) (33) Lateral Expansion mils (mm) 69 47 14 (1.8) (1.2) (.4) 18

FORMABILITY TABLE 23 FORMABILITY Alloy Olsen Cup Height, in. (mm) 3 in. Stretch Cup LDR* NITRONIC 3 Base Metal.48 (12.2) 1.4 2.4 NITRONIC 3 Weld Face in Tension.483 (12.3) NITRONIC 3 Weld Root in Tension.498 (12.6) Type 31 Base Metal.48 (12.2) 2.6 Type 34L Base Metal 1.14 2.4 * Limiting Draw Ratio TABLE 24 EFFECT OF STRENGTH LEVEL ON FORMABILITY ASTM E643 BIAXIAL STRETCH (CUP HEIGHT).2% YS 4 5 6 6 8 9 1 (276) (345) (414) (483) (552) (621) (689) Type 34L in. (mm).43.39.36.34.32.31.3 (11) (1) (9) (9) (8) (8) (8) NITRONIC 3 in. (mm).52 (13).46 (12).4 (1).37 (9).34 (9).33 (8) 19

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TABLE 25 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Density, lbs./in. 3 (g/cm 3 ) @7 F (21 C).284 (7.862) Modulus of Elasticity, @ 7 F (21 C) 28. x 1 3 (.193 x 1 6 ) TABLE 26 MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY (ANNEALED) Field Strength Oersteds 1 2 5 1 Permeability 1.11 1.11 1.14 1.15 TABLE 27 THERMAL EXPANSION* Temperature F 79 2 79 3 79 4 79 5 79 6 79 7 79 8 79 9 79 1 79 11 79 12 79 13 79 14 79 15 79 16 Relative Expansion %.123.223.326.432.541.654.768.884 1.2 1.123 1.245 1.368 1.492 1.619 1.749 Coefficent of Expansion ΔL/L/ F x 1-6 9.35 9.6 9.81 1.1 1.18 1.35 1.5 1.63 1.75 1.88 11. 11.11 11.21 11.31 11.42 Temperature C 26 5 26 1 26 15 26 2 26 25 26 3 26 35 26 4 26 45 26 5 26 55 26 6 26 65 26 7 26 75 26 8 26 85 * Average of duplicate tests. Full heating curves available upon request. Relative Expansion %.48.135.225.317.413.511.611.713.817.922 1.29 1.137 1.248 1.358 1.47 1.583 1.7 Coefficent of Expansion ΔL/L/ C x 1-6 16.13 16.9 17.29 17.64 17.95 18.24 18.51 18.77 19. 19.2 19.41 19.61 19.8 19.98 2.14 2.31 2.48 2

AK Steel Corporation 9227 Centre Pointe Drive West Chester, OH 4569 844.STEEL99 844.783.3599 www.aksteel.com sales@aksteel.com AK Steel is a world leader in the production of flat-rolled carbon, stainless and electrical steel products, primarily for automotive, infrastructure and manufacturing, construction and electrical power generation and distribution markets. Headquartered in West Chester, Ohio (Greater Cincinnati), the company employs approximately 8, men and women at eight steel plants, two coke plants and two tube manufacturing plants across six states: Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Additional information about AK Steel is available at www.aksteel.com. The information and data in this document are accurate to the best of our knowledge and belief, but are intended for general information only. Applications suggested for the materials are described only to help readers make their own evaluations and decisions, and are neither guarantees nor to be construed as express or implied warranties of suitability for these or other applications. Data referring to material properties are the result of tests performed on specimens obtained from specific locations of the products in accordance with prescribed sampling procedures; any warranty thereof is limited to the values obtained at such locations and by such procedures. There is no warranty with respect to values of the materials at other locations. AK and the AK Steel logo are registered trademarks of the AK Steel Corporation. 11.2.15