Gold Standard A new way to facilitate sustainable development in rural areas in Africa Africa Carbon Forum, 19 April 2012 Morten Pedersen, NIRAS
AGENDA Presentation of NIRAS The BMU/Gold Standard project Why Malawi? Gold Standard Methodology Detailed study in 5 villages Conclusions 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 2
NIRAS International Multidisciplinary Consultancy Company More than 1300 employees Offices in Europe, Asia and Africa Offices in Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia Projects in many more African countries www.niras.com 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 3
Overview of the Project The assignment is commissioned by the Gold Standard. The assignment is part of the BMU International Climate Initiative (Germany) sponsored project The work will be delivered by a consortium Perspectives (lead), NIRAS and SouthSouthNorth Africa Working steps & Timelines Task 1 Stakeholder Consultation Workshop July 2011 Task 2 Methodology Strategy Report Aug 2011 Task 5 Blueprint Book Q3 2012 Task 3 Methodology Development Q4 2012 Task 6 Side Event Contribution Cont. Task 4 Emission Reduction Calculation Tools Q2 2012 Task 7 Conference Paper Review Cont.
Methodologies 1. Off-Grid Rural* Electrification and Energization* for Villages in Malawi (micro-scale) NIRAS 2. Energy use in the processing of agricultural products in Benin (small-scale) Perspectives 3. Cosmo City new housing thermal performance upgrades in South Africa (large/small-scale) SouthSouthNorth Africa
Malawi the country with very strong commitment Chinansi Foundation Richard Tempo managing the focus group discussion in locality close to Balaka crucial to involve the knowledge of the beneficiaries Malawi DNA (Ms Shamiso Najira) fully supports the project and Letter of no objection to the project has already been issued. UNEP Risoe (financing participation ACF ) 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 6
Energization Photo : Chinansi Foundation and NIRAS, December 2011, Malawi Dispensary, Malawi Suppressed demand is expressed by use of kerosene lamp and lack of refrigerator to store medicine.
Energization - methodology Technology/measure community-focused micro-scale scheme with total emission reductions of less than 10,000 t CO2/year for each rural community. renewable energy sources eligible for this methodology are limited to can be included such as solar, hydro, wind, biogas, biomass and biofuel. The following activities: - New mini-grid - Extension of existing mini-grid - Facility-scale renewable power supply - Bringing into operation installed power supply equipment which have not been in operation for at least 1/2 year 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 8
Energization - methodology The consumer groups that are eligible under the village approach include: Households, Health center, Dispensary, Schools, both primary and secondary Kindergarten Public administration for instance police, HIV Center Trading place, Grinding mill with a power up to 16 hp ( 12 kw) 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 9
Energization - methodology Minimum Service Level The methodology will propose minimum service level for different consumer groups Parameter MSL for electricity Description consumption of consumer for each group type of consumer: MSL energy consumption for consumer in a year MSL,ec,hh,y, Energy consumption (ec) for a household (hh) in year (y) 674 KWh MSL,ec,hc,y Energy consumption (ec) for a health center (hc) in year (y) 3178 KWh MSL,ec,d,y Energy consumption (ec) for a dispensary (d) in year (y) 1283 KWh MSL,ec,s,y Energy consumption (ec) for a school (s) in year (y) 2409 KWh MSL,ec,k,y Energy consumption (ec)for a kindergarten (k) in year (y) 869 KWh MSL,ec,pa,y Energy consumption (ec) for a public administration (pa) in year (y) 738 KWh MSL,ec,tp,y Energy consumption (ec) for a trading place (tp) in year (y) 4095 KWh MSL,ec,gm,y Energy consumption (ec) for a grinding mill (gm) in year (y) 35204 KWh Calculation of the total MSL for a electricity generation system MSL,ec,y = (MSL,ec,hh,y * n) + (MSL,ec,hc,y * n) + (MSL,ec,d,y * n) + (MSL,ec,s,y * n) + (MSL,ec,k,y, * n) + (MSL,ec,pa, y * n) + (MSL,ec,tp,y * n) + (MSL,ec,gm,y, * n) 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 10
Energization - methodology Baseline emissions Energy supply system or service level In this example: In the rural area the main part of renewable energy generation systems are expected to be below 15 kw and the future scenario could most probably be mini-grids with a 24 hours service. For both mini-grid and facility scale an emission factor for diesel generator systems of 2.4 Kg CO 2 e/kwh has been the basis for calculating the baseline emissions. The value taken from AMS 1F 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 11
Energization - methodology Baseline emission reductions for each type of consumer, based on MSL for electricity consumption: Parameter Description of consumer group Emissions (t CO 2 ) at a minimum service level in a year BEhh,y, Baseline emission for a household (hh) in year (y) 1.62 t CO 2 BEhc,y Baseline emission for a health center (hc) in ye ar (y) 7.63 t CO 2 BEd,y Baseline emission for a dispensary (d) in year (y) 3.08 t CO 2 BEs,y Baseline emission for a school (s) in year (y) 5.78 t CO 2 BEk,y Baseline emission for a kindergarten (k) in year (y) 2.09 t CO 2 BEpa,y Baseline emission for a public administration (pa) in year (y) 2.03 t CO 2 BEtp,y Baseline emission for a trading place (tp) in year (y) 9.83 t CO 2 BEgm,y Baseline emission for a grinding mill (gm) in year (y) 49.64 t CO 2 Calculation of project baseline emissions. One renewable energy generation system. BEy = (BEhh,y, * n) + (BEhc,y, * n) + (BEd,y, * n) + (BEs,y, * n) + (BEk,y, * n) + (BEpa, y * n) + (BEtp,y * n) + (BEgm,y, * n) 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 12
Energization - methodology Project Activity Emissions Emission reductions are calculated as: ERy = BEy PEy LEy Where: ERy = Emission reductions during one year (t CO2) BEy = Baseline emissions (t CO2) in a year LEy = Leakage emissions (t CO2) in a year The total amount of CO2 emissions which can be credited by Gold Standard in a village will be the sum of all the project baseline emission for each of the renewable energy generation systems in a village. 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 13
Energization - methodology Monitoring There are two options for monitoring in a rural community project. The monitoring in a rural community can be a combination of the two types of monitoring. The first monitoring option is based on measuring the renewable energy generation and the second monitoring option is based on the calculation of the renewable energy generation. For both monitoring options the delivery of electricity to the connected consumers will be calculated. The number and type of connected consumers will be monitored. 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 14
Energization detailed study Example of emissions calculation in 5 villages based on a detailed field survey of Chinansi Foundation. Item Unit Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Total Households tco 2 /y 7735 6443 10028 10045 9564 Health center tco 2 /y 15 8 8 8 8 Dispensary tco 2 /y 9 0 0 6 6 School tco 2 /y 40 40 29 29 23 Kindergarten tco2/y 8 4 6 4 2 Public Admin. tco 2 /y 2 12 8 8 12 Safety village tco 2 /y 20 20 39 39 49 Grinding mill tco 2 /y 794 397 248 397 298 Water tco 2 /y Total 8624 6924 10366 10537 9962 46412 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 15
Energization - methodology Conclusions GS Different approach compared to CDM minimum service level, baseline emissions and monitoring. Both CDM and GS will contribute to sustainable development income level could secure maintenance and monitoring, but it will not cover investment. The methodology will be available later this year Please be aware that the approach is based on consultancy firms the internal approval process in GOLD STANDARD has not been initiated. 25/04/2012 PRESENTATION OF NIRAS 16