E-GOVERNMENT FRAMEWORKS AND OPPORTUNITIES TOWARDS BETTER STAKEHOLDERS ENGAGEMENT A theoretical and practical analysis on Western Balkans Geneva, 14 May 2010 Endrit Kromidha 1/x
Content I. E-government engagement frameworks and evaluation II. Turning e-government engagement challenges into opportunities III. Conclusions 2
I. E-government engagement frameworks and evaluation Networks and communities Connected vs. interdependent internet society 3
GBC Model 4
NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT Characteristics (Gordon 2002): Dynamic networks of small organizational units Consensual, bottom-up decision making Customer-oriented attitude from the public administration Market principles to enhance efficiency and productivity Criticism (Dunleavy, Margets 2006) Increased institutional and policy complexity 5
AWARENESS AND BENCHMARKING E-government advertising and publicity Users opinion Benchmarking limitations Understanding Using Learning from best practices 6
II. TURNING E-GOVERNMENT CHALLENGES INTO OPPORTUNITIES Study context - Western Balkans Albania (AL) Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) Croatia (CR) Kosovo (KS) UN Administered Territory under UNSC 1244 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (MC) Montenegro (MN) Serbia (SR). Information source: National governments International organisations: United Nations (UN, UNPAN, UNCTAD, UNDP Europe and CIS), European Union United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 7
LEGAL ASPECTS AND STRATEGY Strategic aspects of some e-government legal changes Integration prospects International influences Stakeholders engagement requirements Awareness of e-government related strategies from Public administration Users Detailed national progress reports and evaluation 8
LEGAL ASPECTS AND STRATEGY AL BH MC Project National ICT Strategy Process / E-Government Start-up Bosnia and Herzegovina ICT Strategy National Strategy on Information Society Technologies for Development SR ICT for Development - Building up a National Strategy for an Information Society Leading org. UNDP AL UNDP BH UNDP MC UNDP SR Period Amount Focus From 2003 From 2004 From 2005 From 2005 $217,654 E-Government, e-education, e- Commerce, ICT Sector development and coordination $250,000 E-Education, e-governance, ICT Industry, ICT Infrastructure, e- Legislation $138,928 Role of ICTs for human and economic development, assessment of existing capacities, resources and potentials of ICT $10,000 A strategic, feasible and comprehensive strategy based on dialogue with the key stakeholder SOURCE: UNDP EUROPE AND CIS, APRIL 2010 9
INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACCESSIBILITY ICT infrastructure drivers: ICT companies National governments International organizations Demand from users Engagement requirements Financial involvement of stakeholders Interest and demand for e-government services Pull vs. Push strategy 10
INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACCESSIBILITY Country Name E- Readiness Rank 2007 Rank 2005 Croatia 0.5858 35 47 FYROM 0.5261 52 73 Montenegro 0.5101 60 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.4698 74 94 Serbia 0.4585 81 77 Albania 0.4519 85 86 SOURCE: United Nations E-Government Readiness Knowledge Base, http://www.unpan.org/egovkb 11
E-LITERACY AND TRUST E-literacy dimensions Public servants E-government programme users (Dis)trust factors in Western Balkans Ethnic, religious and territorial problems reflected in political and economic instability Engagement tools Force of law Time and good service 12
CONTROL AND POWER Main factors Information storage and management monopoly Legal power enforcement Integrated databases and systems Engagement and involvement potential Market use of e-government information to understand stakeholders needs Welcoming ideas from planning to implementation and improvement phases Open Source approach 13
E-GOVERNMENT CONTROL AND POWER IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT An example: ASYCUDA An e-government application developed by UNCTAD for the electronic management of customs Implementation in the Western Balkans: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of) 14
Conclusions The changes in the public sector are in great part related to e-government applications today International organizations could play an important role to foster e-government stakeholders engagement through: Involvement vs. engagement from the planning phase Easy-to-understand and practically useful benchmarking Collaborative citizen-customer strategies Open Source approaches 15
Thank you! Questions & Answers 16
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Other web resources COUNTRIES WEB RESOURCES (APRIL 2010) Government portal e-government portal UNDP AL www.keshilliministrave.al www.e-albania.al www.undp.org.al BH www.fbihvlada.gov.ba www.is.gov.ba www.undp.ba CR www.vlada.hr www.e-croatia.hr www.undp.hr KS http://www.kryeministriks.net/ www.rks-gov.net www.ks.undp.org MC www.vlada.mk www.egov.org.mk www.undp.org.mk MN www.gov.me www.undp.org.me SR www.srbija.gov.rs www.rzii.sr.gov.yu www.undp.org.rs 19