Audio Presentation Session 1 FUNDAMENTALS Project Delivery Education Program Construction Document Technology (CDT) Preparatory Course 2011 The Construction Specifications Institute www.csinet.org This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of this presentation without written permission of the speaker and The Construction Specifications Institute is prohibited. The Construction Specifications Institute 2011 1 AIA The Construction Specifications Institute is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 2 1
Learning Objectives To understand the composition and responsibilities of four Project Teams who come together as a single Team. To gain an insight into the definitions of the various stages of the life cycle of a facility, the activities and documents produced during each stage, and team member responsibilities. To introduce the basic relationship between drawings and specifications and to emphasize the importance of coordination. To introduce the basic structure of OmniClass TM, UniFormat TM, and MasterFormat TM and the primary ways in which they are utilized in construction documents. To understand the basic concepts of the environmental impact of buildings, sustainability, GreenFormat TM, and green building. The Construction Specifications Institute 3 Session Outline STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - FUNDAMENTALS A. Job roles and responsibilities of the four Project Teams B. Factors that contribute to an effective team C. Stages of Facility Life Cycle with associated activities and documents D. Project stages with associated activities and documents E. OmniClass TM F. UniFormat TM G.MasterFormat TM H. 4 C s of communication I. Legal interpretations and/or conflicts of Contract Documents J. GreenFormat TM K. Sustainability/Green Building The Construction Specifications Institute 4 2
FUNDAMENTALS STUDY GUIDE AREA NO. 1 The Construction Specifications Institute 5 JOB ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FOUR PROJECT TEAMS STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - A. The Construction Specifications Institute 6 3
Stakeholders and Participants Design and construction merges Collective Needs Ideas Talents Knowledge Services Widely diverse group Individuals Organizations Specialized services 2.1 7 Stakeholders Individuals or organizations Major Project involvement Interests positively or negatively affected by the constructed facility Investment Operational Reputation Example: stockholders owner 2.1 8 4
Participants Individuals or organizations Minor Project involvement Interests not affected by the constructed facility Example: Product representative or Authority Having Jurisdiction 2.1 9 Owner Team Project Team Composition Design Team Contractor Team Supplier Team 2.1 10 5
Owner Team Responsibilities Initiates Project Assumes risk Provides funding Controls, manages, approves Occupies facility 2.2 11 Owner Team Project Types Private Public Funding not from taxation Funding from taxation Individuals Federal Businesses State Developers County City Town Other Authorities 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 12 6
Financial institutions Attorneys Insurance companies Owner Team Advisors Real estate agents Appraisers Marketing companies 2.2.3 13 Owner Team Owner s Consultants Surveyors Environmental engineers Geotechnical engineers Hazardous materials / abatement Traffic engineers Sustainability Wetland biologists Wildlife biologists 2.2.4 14 7
Occupants Facility manager Facility users Visitors Owner Team Others Utility service providers Authorities Having Jurisdiction 2.2.5 through 2.2.7 15 Transforming Owner s vision and requirements into a design and construction documentation Includes multiple design disciplines Specialized design services and expertise Design Team Responsibilities 2.3 16 8
Principal-in-Charge Project Manager Programmer Project Designer Interior Designer Project Captain Drafter Specifier Construction Administrator Design Team Architect 2.3.1 17 Design Team Engineers and Consultants Civil Engineer Structural Engineer Mechanical Engineer Electrical Engineer Plumbing Engineer Landscape Architect Fire Protection Engineer Exterior Enclosure Consultant Roofing and Waterproofing Consultant Cost Estimator 2.3.2 thru 2.3.11 18 9
Design Team Engineers and Consultants Code Consultant Sustainability Consultant Commissioning Consultant Food Service Consultant Parking Consultant Acoustical Consultant Lighting Design Consultant Building Transportation Consultant Swimming Pool, Fountain, and Water Feature Consultant Building Maintenance Equipment Consultant 2.3.12 thru 2.3.21 19 Contractor Team Responsibilities Transforms construction documentation into a finished facility Cost estimating Time scheduling Contracting Procurement (Bidding, Negotiating, Purchasing) Management of construction 2.4 20 10
Contractor Principal-in-Charge Project Manager Estimators Supervisors Accountants Layout Technician Safety Director Sustainability Consultant Subcontractor Contractor Team Roles 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 21 Supplier Team Responsibilities Furnishes materials and products necessary to construct Project Manufacturer Distributor Supplier Fabricator 2.5 22 11
Supplier Team Forms of Representation Manufacturer s employees Sales Marketing Technical Independent sales representation 2.5.1 23 Supplier Team Assets Dual nature of representation Consultant Sales Valuable to Owner, Design, and Contractor Teams 2.5.2 24 12
FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO AN EFFECTIVE TEAM STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - B. The Construction Specifications Institute 25 When is a Project Team Effective? Participants and stakeholders work toward mutual goals Project delivered on time and in budget Satisfied Owner I would add: and everyone else. 2.7 26 13
Partnering and Collaboration Partnering (proactive problem solving) Concept of team building Helps ensure cooperative efforts Priorities and goals set Attempts to make participants and stakeholders into partners Collaboration Individuals working as a team 2.7 27 Benefits of Working as a Team Better communications and coordination Understand extent of contractual rights and responsibilities and effectively and ethically perform Work fairly, efficiently, and swiftly to solve problems through communications Increased productivity Reduced Project costs Earlier Project completion Improved Project Team morale Fewer claims and delays 13.2.1.1 28 14
Obstacles to Working as a Team Adversarial relationships and personalities Incomplete or inaccurate Contract Documents Unreasonable schedule requirements Inordinate number of changes Labor issues Delays in fabrication or delivery Poor communications Ineffective management 13.2.1.2 29 Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Good Example of Effective Team Mutual respect Mutual benefit and reward Collaborative innovation and decision making Early involvement of key participants Early goal definition Intensified planning Open communications Appropriate technology Organization and leadership AIA IPD Guide and 7.3.3 30 15
STAGES OF FACILITY LIFE CYCLE WITH ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES AND DOCUMENTS STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - C. The Construction Specifications Institute 31 Facility Life Cycle 3.4 and Figure 3.1 32 16
Facility Life Cycle Project Conception Owner identifies need Completes planning activities to verify feasibility Secures financial resources Develops a facility program Identifies a site 3.4.1 33 Facility Life Cycle Project Delivery Owner determines method to be used Assembles a Project Team 3.4.2 34 17
Facility Life Cycle Design Project Team evaluates following to seek issues and form design solutions Preliminary studies Collected data Program requirements Budget Schedule Project Team prepares and documents Schematic design and preliminary project descriptions Design development and outline specifications 3.4.3 35 Facility Life Cycle Construction Documents A/E Team prepares graphic and written documents Pricing Regulatory approvals Construction 3.4.4 36 18
Facility Life Cycle Procurement (Bidding/Negotiating/Purchasing) Project cost is determined Prior to In conjunction with Following construction document development Depends on Project Delivery Method selected 3.4.5 37 Facility Life Cycle Construction Project is constructed according to Contract Documents Regulatory requirements 3.4.6 38 19
Facility Life Cycle Facility Management Facility Manager manages and assumes control Facility placed in service Operations and maintenance procedures 3.4.7 39 PROJECT STAGES WITH ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES AND DOCUMENTS STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - D. The Construction Specifications Institute 40 20
Project Distinction between PROJECT and FACILITY Process of planning, designing, documenting, procuring, contracting, and constructing Goal of a Project is a facility Object of delivery process Delivery process itself Facility Completed Project intended for a specific purpose and function 1.5 41 Quality of each Project is Unique Quality is a balance between Extent (Scope) Cost (Budget) Time (Schedule) 7.1.2.4 and Figure 7.1 42 21
Design Stage All projects proceed through following phases of design Design development Schematic design Conceptual design 3.4 and 8.8 43 Master planning Design Stage Design Variations Design of multiple projects Integrated and complementary functions Same or contiguous site Prototype design Single design developed Multiple projects Different sites Consistent identity and purpose 8.8.1 44 22
Design Stage Conceptual Design Not an official phase, but is common Concept Representations of abstract object, creatively given Shape Form Meaning Design Journey of exploring and defining possibilities and constraints by using critical thinking skills 8.8.2 45 Design Stage Conceptual Design Documentation Drawings of basic information Physical or electronic massing models Narrative descriptions 8.8.2 46 23
Design Stage Schematic Design Site plan and area relationships Spatial relationships and functional characteristics General size, shape, volume, massing of building elements Elevations and exterior finishes Basic information about structural and services 8.8.3 47 Design Stage Schematic Design Documentation Sketches and drawings in more detail than conceptual documentation Physical or electronic models Preliminary project descriptions 8.8.3 48 24
Design Stage Design Development Size and character fixed Technical issues of constructability Integration of structural and services Definition of Materials Surfaces Details 8.8.4 49 Design Stage Design Development Documentation More precise and specific drawings Physical or electronic models Outline specifications 8.8.4 50 25
Construction Documents Stage Depends on Project Delivery Method Defines following among parties Rights Responsibilities Relationships Graphic and written technical information necessary for procurement and construction 11.1.1 51 Construction Documents Stage Standardization MasterFormat TM SectionFormat TM PageFormat TM National CADD Standard Building Information Modeling Standard contracts and forms by professional organizations 11.1.1 52 26
Construction Documents Stage Documentation Drawings Specifications Procurement requirements Contracting requirements 11.1.2 and Figure 11.1 53 OMNICLASS TM STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - E. The Construction Specifications Institute 54 27
Multi-table framework for Organizing information Serving participants who work To sustain built environment Throughout Facility Life Cycle OmniClass TM Derived from internationally accepted standards developed by International Organization for Standards (ISO) 11.3.7.1 55 11 Construction Entities by Function 12 Spaces by Function 13 Construction Entities by Form 14 Spaces by Form 21 Elements 22 Work Results OmniClass TM Tables 23 Products 31 Phases 32 Services 33 Disciplines 34 Organizational Roles 41 Information 42 Materials 49 - Properties 11.3.7.1 56 28
OmniClass TM Tables 11-Construction entities by function 11-12 Learning Facilities 11-12 24 27 Human Arts College 12- Construction entities by form 12-11 11 14 54 Auditorium 13- Spaces by function General Performance Spaces 13-11 17 11 37 Auditorium 14-Spaces by form Fully enclosed spaces 14-11 11 21 Auditorium 57 UNIFORMAT TM STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - F. The Construction Specifications Institute 58 29
UniFormat TM Developed by CSI Uniform classification system for organizing preliminary construction information into a standard order or sequence on basis of systems and assemblies 11.3.7.2 59 UniFormat TM Project Description Categories 11.3.7.2 and Figure 11.12 60 30
UniFormat TM Example of Levels 1 A Substructure 2 A10 Foundations 3 A1010 Standard Foundations 4 A1010.10 Wall Foundations 5 A1010.10CF Continuous Foundations 11.3.7.2 61 UniFormat TM Example of Use Autodesk s Revit using 3 rd level designations for categorizing objects C1020 Single Flush Door 62 31
MASTERFORMAT TM STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - G. The Construction Specifications Institute 63 MasterFormat TM Developed by CSI Organization structural for the subject matter for construction of a project, and operation, and maintenance of a facility www.masterformat.com 11.3.7.3 64 32
MasterFormat TM Master list of numbers and titles Arranges related construction practices or work results Different types of construction addressed equally Promotes standardization Facilitates organization of information Improves construction communications 11.3.7.3 65 Divisions MasterFormat TM 50 division format Not organized around traditional subcontracts or construction trades Follows logical groupings of work results Sections 6 digit numbers (some 8) Section covers one portion of work results Different Consistent 11.3.7.3 66 33
Procurement and Contracting Requirements Group 00 Procurement and Contracting Requirements Specifications Group General Requirements Subgroup 01 General Requirements 11.3.7.3 MasterFormat TM Divisions Facility Construction Subgroup 02 Existing Conditions 03 Concrete 04 Masonry 05 Metals 06 Wood, Plastics, and Composites 07 Thermal and Moisture Protection 08 Openings 09 Finishes 10 Specialties 11 Equipment 67 12 Furnishings 13 Special Construction 14 Conveying Equipment 15 thru 19 Reserved Facility Services Subgroup 20 Reserved 21 Fire Suppression 22 Plumbing 23 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning 24 Reserved 11.3.7.3 MasterFormat TM Divisions 25 Integrated Automation 26 Electrical 27 Communications 28 Electronic Safety and Security 29 Reserved Site and Infrastructure Subgroup 30 Reserved 31 Earthwork 32 Exterior Improvements 33 Utilities 34 Transportation 35 Waterway and Marine Construction 68 34
36 thru 39 Reserved Process Equipment Subgroup 40 Process Integration 41 Material Processing and Handling Equipment 42 Process Heating, Cooling, and Drying Equipment 43 Process Gas and Liquid Handling, Purification and Storage Equipment 44 Pollution and Waste Control Equipment MasterFormat TM Divisions 45 Industry-Specific Manufacturing Equipment 46 Water and Wastewater Equipment 47 Reserved 48 Electrical Power Generation 49 Reserved 11.3.7.3 69 MasterFormat TM Levels of Details 1 The 50 Divisions 2 Broad Scope Sections widest latitude of information 3 Medium Scope Sections more limited information 4 Narrow Scope Sections specific information 5 Very Narrow Scope Sections user defined 11.3.7.3 70 35
MasterFormat TM Example of Levels 1 Division 04 - Masonry 2 Section 04 20 00 Unit Masonry (Broad Scope) 3 Section 04 21 00 Clay Unit Masonry (Medium Scope) 4 Section 04 21 13 Brick Masonry (Narrow Scope) 5 Section 04 21 13.13 Brick Veneer Masonry (Very Narrow Scope) 11.3.7.3 71 FOUR C s OF COMMUNICATION STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - H. The Construction Specifications Institute 72 36
Four C s of Communication Proper grammar Simple sentence construction Avoid ambiguity Clear Correct Accurate and precise information Selected words to convey exact meanings Eliminate unnecessary words, but not at expense of clarity, correctness, or completeness Concise Complete Important information not left out 11.3.5 73 LEGAL INTERPRETATION AND/OR CONFLICTS OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - I. The Construction Specifications Institute 74 37
5.10 Important Legal Issues Need for a written Historical Record Professional Standard of Care Professional Negligence Compliance with Building Codes, Laws and Regulations Spearin Doctrine The contractor is entitled to rely on the construction documents provided by the owner to be sufficient for their intended purpose and is NOT responsible for the consequences of defects (errors, inconsistencies or omissions) in the documents Actions can change the terms of a contract Interpretation by the courts. 75 Design Team Coordination Effective coordination requires Good coordination Attention to detail Reviewing interface between design disciplines Sufficient number of decisions proportionate for stage of Work 5.9 76 38
Components of Successful Coordination Organization Selecting team members Establishing management procedures Execution Project design Production of construction documents Quality Assurance Meetings Checklists Communications Checking and crosschecking construction documents 5.9 77 Components of Incomplete Coordination Duplications Omissions Discrepancies Division 01 not coordinated Terminology differences 5.9 78 39
Critically Important Relationships Representation of design concept shown on construction documents among multiple design disciplines Architectural design with other design disciplines Drawings and specifications 5.9 79 Coordinating Drawings and Specifications Drawings and specifications are complementary Coordination must occur at all levels of Project Team Drawings detail should be consistent with specification detail Clear, concise, correct, and complete are critically important 11.2.9 80 40
Characteristics of Drawings Indicates generic and graphic representation of products and Materials Size Form Location Quantity Relationships Generic representations 11.2.9 and 11.2.9.1 81 Characteristics of Specifications Defines qualitative requirements for Product, materials, equipment Physical properties of products Performance requirements Standards of workmanship Describes administrative procedures 11.2.9 82 41
GREENFORMAT TM STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - J. The Construction Specifications Institute 83 GreenFormat TM Developed by CSI Web based tool that allows manufacturers to accurately report product sustainability properties Provides designers, constructors, and building operators with basic information to help meet green requirements www.greenformat.com www.greenformat.com 84 42
Background information Product details Product lifecycle Additional information Authorization GreenFormat TM Categories www.greenformat.com 85 SUSTAINABILITY/GREEN BUILDING STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - K. The Construction Specifications Institute 86 43
Environmental preservation has become an important issue Public policy Private enterprise Sustainability 8.7 87 Sustainability EPA Sustainable building involves Developing healthier methods of construction, operations, and demolition Using resources more efficiently ASTM E 2114 Standard Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings defines green building as One that meets specified performance requirements While minimizing disturbance to and improving the functioning of local, regional, and global ecosystems During and after its construction and specified service life 8.7 88 44
Sustainable Design Emphasis on environmental performance of a facility over its life cycle Fundamental approaches common to tools and assessments Site optimization Use of energy Water use Building materials and products Indoor environmental quality Optimizing operational and maintenance practices 8.7.1 89 Environmental Design Tools Various tools available for use by product manufacturers, Contractors, and A/E s NIST s BEES Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability EPA s Energy Star Program USGBC s LEED Program 8.7.2 90 45
Assessing Product Sustainability Requires life cycle assessment by a qualified agency NIST s BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) Model is one method Global warming potential Acidification Nitrification potential Natural resource depletion Solid waste produced Indoor air quality Another is ASTM E 2129 Standard Practice for Data Collection for Sustainable Assessments of Building Products 8.7.3 91 Assessing Facility Sustainability Methods of assessing environmental performance USGBC s LEED Green Building Rating System Advanced Buildings Green Guidelines for Healthcare Construction Green Globes Greenguard Environmental Institute Stars 8.7.4 92 46
Product Evaluation Sustainability attributes is one of many categories for evaluation of products Low embodied energy Recyclability, material reuse, or salvaged Natural or renewable resources Locally or regionally produced Energy efficiency Low environmental impact Durability Recycled content Waste minimization Promotes good indoor air quality Absence of unhealthful chemicals, toxic substances, or volatile organic compounds Biodegradable or bio-based composition Conservation of resources Responsible wood supplies 10.5.4.4 93 Review Outline STUDY GUIDE: Subject Matter Area No. 1 - FUNDAMENTALS A. Job roles and responsibilities of the four Project Teams B. Factors that contribute to an effective team C. Stages of Facility Life Cycle with associated activities and documents D. Project stages with associated activities and documents E. OmniClass TM F. UniFormat TM G.MasterFormat TM H. 4 C s of communication I. Legal interpretations and/or conflicts of Contract Documents J. GreenFormat TM K. Sustainability/Green Building The Construction Specifications Institute 94 47