PILE DRIVERS AND THE U.S. SUPREME COURT: A STORIED FOUNDATION OF CONSTRUCTION LAW EST. 1984 THE INTERNATIONAL PILE DRIVERS, DEEP FOUNDATIONS & MARINE CONTRACTOR S MAGAZINE PILE BUCK PRESENTS 2013 VOLUME 29 ISSUE 2 JOBS AROUND THE WORLD INCLUDING THE NAPLES SUBWAY LINES AND AUSTRALIA S URBAN COASTLINE PLUS QATAR S NEW METRO SYSTEM VIETNAM S NEW HYDRO POWER PLANT ONTARIO S NEW HIGHWAY
JOB STORY By Nguyen Minh Hai DAI NINH HYDRO POWER PLANT & THE CAI MEP INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TERMINAL PORT Vietnam DAI NINH HYDRO POWER PLANT The 300MW Dai Ninh hydro power plant (Two 150MW turbines) in Vietnam was commissioned in March 2008. It is one of the hydro power plants belong to the hydro power system on the Dong Nai River, the main tributary to the Saigon River. The head civil works including two main dams, four saddle dams, inlet canal and intake, connection canal between two reservoirs and spillway were located in Duc Trong district, Lam Dong province approximately 270 Km north-east of Ho Chi Minh City. The plant civil works including 11.2-Km waterway, 2.2-Km penstock, turbines, administration building, 220- kv substation were located Ham Thuan Bac District, Binh Thuan Province, 250km from Ho Chi Minh City. Two 150MW turbines provide the power for the plant. It generates 1.2 billion kilowatt hours of electricity each year. The $440 millions contract for designing, manufacturing, installing and commissioning the equipment was won by Toshiba and Nissho Iwai. Project consultation was provided by a joint venture of Japan s Nippon Koei and Electric Power Development Corporation. Concerns about forced resettlement of more than a thousand local families has led to criticism of the project, and the World Bank declined funding for it LAM DONG PROVINCE Reservoir Waterway Plant BINH THUAN PROVINCE in 1998. The project covered in excess of 2,000ha, 1,900ha of which was for the reservoir. Of this, just over half is agricultural land and the rest forests. Dai Ninh is a multipurpose dam and supplies water for agriculture, as well as generating electric power. The project transfers water from the Dong Nai River via an 11km tunnel to the Luy River. GENERATOR AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT Toshiba supplied the generator. The company s all-in-one control equipment incorporates governor, AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator), control / protection, and telecommunication systems. The hydraulic turbine governor controls the guide vanes by detecting turbine speed NINH THUAN PROVINCE and opening and closing the guide vane to keep turbine speed stable or regulate output. The governor therefore determines the controllability of the power station and the power quality. A $34 m contract covered the building of a 500kV/200kV substation and expansion of an existing 110kV/220 kv substation to connect Dai Ninh to the national grid. These facilities also helped stabilize the 500kV transmission line for other hydro-power plants in the region. CONTRACTORS Sumitomo and Japan AE Power were the main substation contractors, with Siemens and Vietnamese company Power Construction Co. No. 2 as 34 Pile Buck Magazine Vol.29 No.2 2013 pilebuck.com
sub-contractors. Siemens was responsible for designing, manufacturing, delivering and constructing the substations and accompanying telecommunication systems. The 500kV/220kV equipment has come from Germany, control and protection systems from Indonesia, in addition to telecommunication systems from Singapore. OVERSEAS INVOLVEMENT The Dai Ninh project was part of the Vietnamese government s plans to increase the country s installed capacity by 10,000MW before 2010. However, the Vietnamese national power company, Electricity of Viet Nam (EVN), was concerned that prolonged droughts could have a negative impact on its existing hydroelectric stations, threatening to reduce output by nearly 1,000 million kilowatt hours in a year. Alongside building new power plants, EVN, planned to purchase more electricity from China to address anticipated electricity shortages in 2006 and 2007. PROJECT FUNDING Funding for Dai Ninh has come from an ODA (Official Development Assistance) loan by the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC). Around 85% of the $440m capital came from the Japanese Government s ODA loans, and the rest from Vietnam. Vietnam and Japan have signed credit agreements allowing Vietnam to borrow around $730m from Japanese banks to fund infrastructure projects. These include Dai Ninh, along with expansion of the Thac Mo hydroelectric power plant. EVN also planned two other hydropower plants in the region, Dong Nai Hydro-power Project No. 3 s construction was completed in 2010 and Dong Nai Hydro-power Project No. 4 is expected to be complete by 2014. Cavico was awarded the construction contract for both the projects. Waterway Tunnel of Dai Ninh Hydro power project, length of tunnel is 11.254 KM, diameter is 4.5 m, while 7KM is excavated by Tunnel bovring Machine (TBM) and 4.254 KM is excavated by blasting. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES In the 1990s, the Canadian Government paid engineering consultants SNC-Lavalin almost C$1m for design and feasibility studies. Sogreah pilebuck.com Vol.29 No.2 2013 Pile Buck Magazine 35
JOB STORY Execution Site of Da Queyon Earthfill Dam, the maximum height of 58 m, Elevation of Dam surface +884.3 m; width of Dam surface 8m, Length = 1,387 m. produced a review of the feasibility study and economical report in 1995 and worked with SNC Lavalin on the technical study. Sogreah and Pacific Rim Power of Canada subsequently completed the design and prepared the bidding documents for the project. The reports had never been released, however, and none of the project plans were available for public review in Vietnam. Dai Ninh reportedly forcibly caused the displacement of up to 14,000 people and directly affected the livelihoods of tens of thousands of rural residents. Affected families were resettled in Duc Trong and Bac Binh districts. The World Bank, which funded the feasibility study, foresaw no serious problems with resettlement, since families were supposed to receive landfor-land compensation. They had also been promised compensation for lost houses, property and crops. The Vietnamese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) have both however also warned against damage to biodiversity in nature reserves. Testing low-level outlet conduit of Da Nhim spillway of Dai Ninh Hydro power project to discharge into the river downstream, the discharge capacity of outlet conduit at the design water level is from 7 to 20 m3/s, diameter is 0.8 m. Da Nhim Spillway includes three Gates and width of each Gate is 15 m. Maximum height of water level through spillway is 20.1 m. 36 Pile Buck Magazine Vol.29 No.2 2013 pilebuck.com
CAI MEP INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TERMINAL PORT Cai Mep Port is a new container terminal along the Thi Vai River in the Mekong delta approximately 80 km southeast of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The site of the new container facility extends over an 800 m by 600 m area along the Thi Vai River. The Cai Mep consisted of two berths with length of each berth about 600 m. The Cai Mep port includes the following items: Number of ground slots: 5,800 slots in TEU (2,800 slots x 2 including reefer storage) Container Freight Station (CFS): 6,000 sq. m in total floor space Reefer plugs: 400 Gate house with 10 lanes (6 at main gate and 4 at sub gate) Amenity block Maintenance shop Operation building PMB Main office Security Office. CARGO VOLUME PLANNED TO BE HANDLED BY CAI MEP CONTAINER TERMINAL The cargo volume by kind and direction planned to be handled by Cai Mep Container Terminal for year 2010 and 2020 is as shown in Table 1. The estimated volume of containerized cargo in TEU in 2010 and 2020 are projected to be as 600,000 TEU and 820,000 TEU, respectively. The number of loaded containers and empty containers in respective years are analyzed as shown in Table 2. Furthermore, these container volume projected are converted into the number of box as shown in Table 3. Construction site on Cai Mep port project. TABLE 1: CARGO FORECAST FOR CAI MEP CONTAINER TERMINAL 2010 2020 Product 000 tons 000 TEU 000 tons 000 TEU Fishery Product Export 364 36 238 24 Industrial Crops Export 202 20 210 21 Steel and Iron Import 20 2 61 6 Manufactured Goods Export 2,154 215 2,651 265 Import 2,633 263 3,240 324 Sub-Total 4,787 479 5,892 589 Export 2,720 272 3,099 310 Import 2,653 2,658 3,301 330 Ad-hoc Transshipment 12 1 103 10 Transit Cargo 26 3 95 9 Total 5,411 541 6,598 660 Source: JICA D/D Study Team TABLE 2: PROJECTION OF CONTAINER CARGO VOLUME IN TEU Cargo Volume (000 tons) Container Volume (000 TEU) Year Total Import Export Gross Empty Loaded 2010 5,370 2,650 2,720 595 57 537 2011 5,460 2,730 2,730 607 60 546 2015 5,820 2,910 2,910 663 76 586 2020 6,400 3,300 3,100 740 99 640 1) Average weight of loaded 20-footer container is assumed to be 10 tons. 2) Proportion of empty container for import cargo is assumed to be 12% of total TEU. 3) Year 2011 is the year of commissioning for Cai Mep International Container Terminal. Source: JICA D/D Study Team TABLE 3 40 Container 20 Container Total Year Gross Empty Net Gross Empty Net Gross Empty Net 2010 148 14 134 297 28 269 445 42 403 2011 157 16 142 292 29 263 449 45 405 2015 210 25 185 258 31 227 468 56 412 2020 259 35 224 222 30 192 482 65 416 Unit: 000 boxes per year. Source: JICA D/D Study Team Note: Year 2011 is the year of commissioning for Cai Mep International Container Terminal. pilebuck.com Vol.29 No.2 2013 Pile Buck Magazine 37