Truck Freight Generators and Attractors in the Province of Ontario Freight Day February 10, 2015
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3 139 pages Recent MITL Report Largely empirical study Lots of maps, tables, charts, dashboards Extensive use of TABLEAU software Lots of written detail
4 Outline Background Regional, County and Municipal Characterizations Trucking Spatial Interactions Micro-character of generators/attractors Conclusions
BACKGROUND
6 Study Objectives Transport Canada (2010) focused on the most important freight generators in Ontario Results were highly GTA and internationallyoriented This study provides a more Ontario-wide view Characterizes truck freight generators & attractors in Province using trucking oriented data sets
MTO Regions Used 7
Ontario Commercial Vehicle Survey (CVS) Takes place every 5-6 years In the order of 100,000 trucks are intercepted On provincial roads/highways only (misses many short trips) Many questions are asked of driver: Location and nature of origin/destination Nature of cargo (if any) Many other elements The trip is the main observational unit 8
Trucking Commodity Origin 9 Destination Survey An annual Statistics Canada survey of firms that are in the business of moving goods (carriers) Small ones are excluded (< $1.3M in revs) Private fleets are excluded i.e. firms that move their own goods by truck Some information is gathered electronically, some by telephone and some by visiting carriers About 1 million shipments captured (not trips!)
REGIONAL, COUNTY & MUNICIPAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GENERATORS AND ATTRACTORS
Where Outgoing Shipments are going to (for Ontario and by Region) 11
12 Main Takeaways Most shipments are entirely within the province but cross counties West Region is most internationally oriented especially for outgoing shipments GTA Region is more internationally oriented for incoming shipments and more interprovincially oriented for outgoing The East is most inter-provincially oriented Outflows from the North almost entirely stay in the North
Outgoing Truck Shipments (TCOD) 13 GTHA Region
And here is the whole table 14 Observe the line graph for each region Few municipalities outside GTA that generate more than 1000 shipments per day Ottawa shows up as less than T. Bay GTA West East North
Daily Trip Outflows from Municipalities 15 GTHA Region
Daily Trip Outflows from Municipalities 16 West Region
PATTERNS OF TRUCKING SPATIAL INTERACTION
GTA Origins = Varied Destinations 18
Western Origins = West + GTA Dests prominent 19
20 A County Shipment Hierarchy Class 1 > 1 million outflowing shipments per year Peel, Toronto, Essex etc. Class 2 > 250,000 shipments out per year 10 counties Class 3 > 100,000 shipments out per year 9 counties Class 4 < 100,000 shipments out per year 25 counties
21 Aggregate Shipments and Tonnage between Classes Shipments Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Tonnage Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 2+ million 1-2 million 20+ million 10-20 million 500-1 million 100-500 thousand 5-10 million 2.5-5 million <100 thousand <2.5 million
22 Other Results This was done for Tonnes/Shipment, Distance per shipment and aggregate distance, revenue and revenue per tonne-km as well Shipments much lighter (higher value) and more frequent at the top of the hierarchy Generally easier for trucking firms to generate revenue near the top of the hierarchy
MICRO-CHARACTER OF GENERATORS/ATTRACTORS
24 Analysis of Specific Addresses A lot was done via the CVS to assess specific addresses that generated truck movements Many maps linked to tables that listed specific companies and their location context Many were identified in each region and this information can be viewed in the report For trucking though, the story is more about smaller generators of trips
Vast majority of Generators are Small 25 % of Total Locations By Precise Address Daily Trip Counts
Large Generators Produce Small Share 26 % of Total Trips By Precise Address Daily Trip Counts of Trips
Truck Trip Origins 27 CVS Survey
Truck Shipment Origins 28 TCOD Survey
Truck Trip Origins East Region 29 CVS Survey
Truck Shipment Origins West Region 30 TCOD Survey
Truck Shipment Origins North Regions 31 TCOD Survey
Specific Trip/Shipment Originations 32 London
Specific Trip/Shipment Originations 33 Cornwall
GIS-Defined Trucking Clusters (GTA) 34 Daily Shipments (TCOD) Daily Trips (CVS) Cluster Name- GTHA Region Area (km 2 ) Outgoing Incoming Outgoing Incoming Peel Hwys 401, 407 & 427 Mega-Cluster 292.98 10,928 6,064 11,054 9,262 Hwys 427, 401, 407 & 400 Cluster 89.62 3,991 805 1,879 1,523 The QEW & Hwy 403 Halton to Mississauga Cluster 107.71 2,528 875 2,841 2,853 Hwys 407 & 400 MacMillan Yard Cluster 23.64 1,920 537 1,526 1,144 Toronto Keele, Weston Road and Downtown Cluster 59.75 1,580 4,195 1,452 1,474 Hwy 401 Durham Cluster 154.39 1,425 815 1,715 2,061 Hwy 401 Milton Cluster 25.27 1,336 570 1,429 1,294 Hwys 404, 401 & 407 East Toronto Cluster 149.17 977 922 2,328 2,152 QEW and Hwy 427 Cluster 46.59 458 221 1,821 1,639 North Hamilton - Stoney Creek QEW Cluster 40.4 406 630 1,828 2,115 Clusters: Confirmed in both the CVS and TCOD surveys 1700 sq. km. for all identified clusters in province Peel is by far the dominant cluster
GIS-Defined Clusters (Other Regions) 35 Daily Shipments (TCOD) Kingston Hwy 401 Cluster 99.96 95 288 615 791 Daily Shipments (TCOD) Daily Trips (CVS) Cluster Name- West Region Area (km 2 ) Outgoing Incoming Outgoing Incoming Windsor Cluster 118.08 1,355 818 1,419 1,871 Kitchener-Cambridge Hwy 401 & Hwy 8 Custer 147.72 752 785 2,775 2,559 London Hwy 401 Cluster 44.03 807 470 788 679 Guelph Hwys 6, 7 and 401 Cluster 111.13 734 476 1,678 1,699 Daily Trips (CVS) Cluster Name- East Region Area (km 2 ) Outgoing Incoming Outgoing Incoming Ottawa Hwy 401 Cluster 17.26 107 206 963 1,010 Belleville - Trenton Hwy 401 Cluster 100.17 401 322 793 865 Peterborough Hwy 7 Cluster 47.88 74 401 358 452 Cornwall Hwy 401 Cluster 50.39 195 318 551 728 Clusters: 70% of all Ontario outgoing shipments 57% of all Ontario incoming shipments 50% of outgoing & incoming trips
Conclusions
37 Generator Prominence by Region 1) GTA 2) West Region 3) East Region 4) North Regions
38 Issues of Hierarchy Truck patterns are more Hub and Spoke than hierarchical The urban hierarchy affects movements quite a bit: 70% of shipments are between and within the top two classes of counties Higher order, lighter goods flow downstream Lower order, heavier goods flow upstream
39 Hard to Ignore the Core GTA Region accounts for 2/3 of outgoing shipments and about half of incoming shipments Has six of top 10 counties for shipment outflows Peel Region alone 28% of outgoing shipments 16% of outgoing trips Has it all: Highways, key rail infra, distribution/warehouses, 3PLs, massive airport, access to largest market
More Noteworthy to be a Generator than an Attractor Outflow patterns are more heterogeneous than inflow patterns 40 Outflows are more closely linked to production and strategic sites clustering and scale important Inflows are more closely linked to consumption (which every place does)