BEUMER SORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY SMOOTH AND FAST SORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION

Similar documents
BEUMER sortation and distribution technology To help you arrive swiftly and smoothly at your destination.

BEUMER PALLETISING TECHNOLOGY PRECISE, EFFICIENT, RELIABLE PALLETISING TECHNOLOGY

LOGISTIC SYSTEMS MADE DIFFERENT LOGISTIC SYSTEMS

BEUMER LOADING TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENT BULK MATERIAL TRANSPORT LOADING TECHNOLOGY

ECONOMICAL SORTING AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY HERMES LOGISTIK. Sortation and distribution technology

BEUMER palletizing technology: quick, gentle and safe stacking.

BEUMER TILT TRAY SORTER SYSTEMS LOGISTIC SYSTEMS

BEUMER MATERIALS HANDLING ECONOMICAL TRANSPORT OF BULK GOODS. Conveying technology

BEUMER. Smart solutions to keep things running. Efficient. Safe.

BEUMER Sorter BS 55 ET-CD Sortation and distribution technology for a safe arrival. Worldwide.

CUSTOMER SUPPORT MADE DIFFERENT

Conveying technology Loading technology Palletising technology Packaging technology Sortation and distribution technology

BEUMER stretch hood The powerful solution for your packaging needs.

Honeywell Intelligrated Sortation Systems

CONVEYING TECHNOLOGY LOADING TECHNOLOGY PALLETIZING TECHNOLOGY PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY SORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Food logistic systems

AUTOMOTIVE. How is it possible to extend production facilities and save money? Simple ask the experts.

Intelligrated sortation systems

The heart of your building. KONE MiniSpace ELEVATOR SOLUTION WITH A SMALL MACHINE-ROOM

Simply better, right from the start.

Mobile Racking Systems Storage systems for more products on less surface area

WAMAS LOGISTICS SOFTWARE. Incredible Efficiency

Handling Guide Online

LIFT SOLUTIONS DIVERSE LIFTING OPTIONS. Modern, tailor-made solutions for vertical transportation of passengers, goods and cars.

Intelligrated robotic solutions

The third dimension. ferag. intralogistics

RAIL-BASED CONVEYOR SYSTEMS ON TRACK FOR THE FUTURE CONVEYOR EQUIPMENT FOR IN-HOUSE MATERIAL TRANSPORT

Automation solutions for airport logistics.

automation Ready for advanced system solutions

THICKNESS COMPENSATING FRICTION FEEDER COUNTING SYSTEMS FOR ITEMS OF FIXED AND MIXED THICKNESS

SICK Airport Innovations. Sensors and solutions

SERVICE WORLDWIDE. Prompt, comprehensive, solutions-based all-round support directly from ARBURG

CONVEYING TECHNOLOGY LOADING TECHNOLOGY PALLETIZING TECHNOLOGY PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY SORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Pallet Handling System (PHS)

CONTENTS. 5 Application 7 12 Recheck Accessories. ilane Pro. Modular Conveyors 10. Side Covers. Operator Consoles 18.

Material Handling Automation and Warehouse Execution Systems

Sort it out! Making smart sortation automation decisions. Satyen Pathak, senior product manager

Material Handling Solutions Worldwide

BITO LEO LOCATIVE READY, STEADY, GO! This driverless transport system is immediately.

KASTOwin pro AC 5.6 High tech for efficient use of bimetallic and carbide blades.

Dematic Modular Conveyor System

Top-class automation.

LOGISTIC SYSTEMS LOGISTIC SYSTEMS

IF YOU CAN THINK IT, WE CAN DO IT JCL LOGISTICS

A new dimension in logistics in the paper industry

BAGGAGE & SECURITY SYSTEMS

Dispen-SI-matic and Mobile-matic Easton, Pennsylvania

Top-class automation.

Case, Tote and Polybag Conveyor Systems

Flexibility! Multi-Carrier-System. Simply more productive!

CONVEYING TECHNOLOGY LOADING TECHNOLOGY PALLETIZING TECHNOLOGY PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY SORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Sorting out your sortation options

Automated Warehouse Technology and Warehouse Management Hardware & Brainware Made in Germany GEBHARDT Material Handling Systems

Professional service and technical support Overview of services

ALVEY PALLETIZER SOLUTIONS

SSI TranSlog Trolley

Lenze solutions package: storage and retrieval units. Pioneering storage and retrieval units of the next generation.

Overview brochure SERVICES

Integrated Reading and Video Coding Machine IRV 3000 Answers.

LPC Palletizing Cell

services Comprehensive support for your injection moulding system

EISENMANN. Order-picking with electric monorail systems

Application Report AS-Interface

Design of Baggage Handling Systems Overview

TRANSPORTATION & LOGISTICS

Vanriet Rohaco specialises in the design, manufacture, installation and commissioning of automated conveyor and robotic systems.

About us. We specialize in designing, production, assembly, commissioning and service of the airport dedicated

MOBILE RACKING SYSTEMS. Storage systems for more space on less surface area

CASE STUDY. Reference Heinemann, Germany: Full-Service Warehouse for On-Time Deliveries to European Duty Free Shops. ssi-schaefer.

Bizerba Service Solutions from a single source.

C O R P O R AT E P R O F I L E

VarioFlow plus the innovative, easy-to-assemble, low-noise chain conveyor system

VarioFlow plus the innovative, easy-to-assemble, low-noise chain conveyor system

The world of the perfect drive

The New Decanter Generation Westfalia Separator ecoforce. Born to run. GEA Mechanical Equipment / GEA Westfalia Separator Group

ScanProducts. Volume measuring instruments and frames for efficient utilisation of storage space.

BOGE selectcair THE PERFORMANCE PLUS PROGRAMME

Process efficiency in XXL format. Demag integrated solution in base paper production

Honeywell Intelligrated Robotic Solutions

CIMOTEC systems build on the experiences in various branches of production and machining of cast work pieces.

CONVEYING TECHNOLOGY LOADING TECHNOLOGY PALLETIZING TECHNOLOGY PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY SORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

At first glance, A-B-C palletizers stand apart.

AUTOMOTIVE. A custom solution for every challenge.

ENGEL e-factory. planning & monitoring made easy. be the first.

The BDS Product Family

Sorting Out Your Sortation Options Guiding You Through the Process of Evaluating and Selecting the Right Mission-critical Sortation Solution

GBT Conveying Systems

Modular Biesse Concept

Services. For seamless operations along your production line from start to finish

QINEO PULSE. The versatile welding machine for industry

AFB factory hybrid production

Demag EKWK wall-mounted travelling cranes. Outstanding support for work processes

PARTNERS GOING PLACES

Main Page The Company The Technology Safety Locks Electric Lifts. Air Lifts

WE DO THE HARD WORK - YOU CAN RELAX

Conveying Technology Robotics Automation PROCESS SOLUTIONS BY TRAPO ADAPTABLE, TRANSPARENT AND FLEXIBLE TRAPO CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

BOX CULVERT SYSTEMS FOR YOUR SUCCESS BFS THE TECHNOLOGY LEADER

Global Packaging. Global Packaging. BAKERY, BISCUITS AND CONFECTIONERY Packaging solutions

Caljan Safe Logistic Solutions. Handling loose-loaded cargo with ease

Success Story. Blueprint Automation Fast & energy-saving packaging

Transcription:

SORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY SMOOTH AND FAST SORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION

PROFITABILITY, SPEED AND PRECISION SYSTEM SOLUTIONS THAT WORK The Group Always in motion to ensure everything runs smoothly. Most sorters are fitted with contactless power and data transmission, which means less wear and a lower maintenance requirement. They are designed on a modular basis, so they are especially flexible. And they are also extremely quiet, creating a pleasant working atmosphere for your staff. Items are fed in dynamically and ejected gently, which helps all your work processes to run smoothly and reliably. 2-3

CUSTOMER SUPPORT Customer Care, Parts Logistics, Hotline Support, Training and Qualification, Modernisation, Residential Service CONVEYING AND LOADING PALLETISING AND PACKAGING AIRPORTS LOGISTICS PRODUCTS SYSTEMS PRIMARY PACKAGING PALLETISING SYSTEMS END-OF-LINE PACKAGING BAGGAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS Bucket Elevator Apron Conveyor Belt Conveyor Overland Conveyor Troughed Belt Conveyor Pipe Conveyor Stacker fillpac I fillpac R robotpac paletpac stretch hood paketpac Tilt Tray Sorter CrisBelt CrisBag Cross Belt Sorter Tilt Tray Sorter Line Sorter Reclaimer Material Handling Ship Loading System combipac stretchpac autover Container Handling Check-in Systems Conveying System Roller Conveyor Baggage Reclaim System OUR EXPERIENCE YOUR ADVANTAGE As an international leader in the manufacture of intralogistics products in the fields of conveying, loading, palletising, packaging, sortation and distribution technology, we know the routes your goods and products take and know what matters most. Whether in the service sector or in industry the demands on modern sortation and distribution systems are constantly increasing. Complex material distribution technology, flexibility in sorter tasks, the ability to adapt to local conditions and efficient order picking all play important roles. With sophisticated designs, the Group offers individualised system solutions with powerful software that impress with their profitability, speed and precision. Years of experience designing user-specific systems and continuous research and development work reflect the Group s expertise. In our testing hall, various applications are tested regularly and new solutions are developed, for example in the areas of ergonomics, noise generation or product handling. HIGH PERFORMANCE AT THE RIGHT TIME, AT THE RIGHT PLACE The Group product range comprises fully automatic conveying and distribution systems for all kinds of piece goods. In courier, expedited and parcel services, mail-order businesses, retail distribution or airports: the computercontrolled sortation systems which meet all modern standards of quality stand for high levels of availability, low maintenance costs and a top performance of up to 40,000 units per hour. Specific customer demands, such as optical character recognition (OCR) on-the-fly, certified weighing on the induction unit or certified volume measurement on the sorter, are no problem.

INDIVIDUAL SOLUTIONS FOR A DYNAMIC MARKET COURIER, EXPEDITED, PARCEL SERVICES The sortation and distribution technology developed by the Group ensures a smooth flow of large letters, packages, parcels and other mail. A high sorting speed and perfect system coordination shortens delivery times, whilst the extremely precise sorting system reduces the number of misplaced items. And that makes for happy mail recipients. WE KNOW THE DEMANDS OF THE MARKET A high level of economic efficiency combined with highest sorting capacities for various item sizes these are the requirements of modern courier, expedited and parcel services. Powerful, strategically positioned sortation and distribution centres (HUBs) equipped with sophisticated plant technology are required to be able to provide a seamless supply network. The Group sortation and distribution systems provide you with a robust, powerful overall system you can rely on. At any time. The sorters convince by providing creative solutions for individual applications while ensuring smooth handling of items. SMOOTH DISCHARGE ONE OF OUR SPECIALITIES The Tilt Tray Sorter is the basic model of our modular system. The mechanical tilt elements enable a guided, two-dimensional discharge of the items to both sides. This makes the item slide off the tray without any catapult effect so that it leaves the tray at a clearly lower speed than with comparable systems. Large envelopes, parcels, packages and other sorting items are transported safely and discharged with maximum accuracy. The tilt element of the E-Tray Sorter is driven by an electric motor. The tilt elements are powered by contactless energy supply. Thus the tilting and running noise is reduced. The tilting movement is decoupled from the sorter speed so that the sorter speed is considerably increased. 4-5

1. Sorter BS 25 ET with contactless energy supply 2. Sorter BS 25 MT-2D 3. Sorter BS 25 MT-3D 4. Sorter BS 25 MT-DD 5. Sorter BS 25 BT with contactless energy supply Special customer requirements are also accommodated, such as a certified volume measuring device on the sorter. Shorter delivery times thanks to high sorting speed and perfect system coordination. ALWAYS CLOSE TO OUR CUSTOMERS The Group develops customised solutions from stand-alone machines to centralised, software-controlled material handling systems. Continuous and competent customer support, as well as reliable worldwide service, including repair and maintenance, complete the performance. In urgent cases, customers can contact us via the Group Hotline at any time. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE TILT TRAY SORTER Exceptional sorting quality Gentle item handling Robust design Low-maintenance tilt element, electrical or mechanical Guided, two-dimensional discharge Low-maintenance, low-wear linear motor drive, alternatively the energy effi cient OptiDrive design Low-noise running characteristics Modular design

WE HAVE BUT ONE GOAL: CUSTOMER SATISFACTION MAIL ORDER For mail-order companies, the Group s sortation and distribution systems are simply unbeatable when it comes to handling a huge variety of different products for a wide range of customers. The computer-controlled sorting units can deal with up to 40,000 packages per hour with a high level of availability and a low maintenance requirement. WE ALWAYS HAVE JUST THE THING Your customers expect around-theclock delivery of goods in perfect condition. They expect a sorter that can transport and sort everything from camping equipment to shoes or clothing quickly, precisely and gently. One that is flexible enough to react to changing product lines and seasonal workloads. The Group sortation and distribution technology always has the right solution. Depending on the requirements and characteristics of the items to be conveyed, you can select either the Belt Tray Sorter or the Tilt Tray Sorter. Make your choice; reliable logistics means satisfied customers. AN ACCURATE GRIP ON RETURNS Goods that do not fit or are not liked are returned by the end consumer. Returns handling poses a problem for mail-order business that needs to be solved. The Group develops complete customised concepts, taking all technical and economical challenges into account, such as multiple uses for returns sorters. The ergonomic design of the destinations plays an important role. Your employees will have everything under control. Group systems combine high speed and optimum coordination for efficient goods handling. 6-7

Customer LAN End-stations Switchgear cabinet BSC* Fieldbus BeSS Exemplary technical layout of a control configuration for the Belt Tray Sorter Linear motor IR transmitter Sensor bus Belt Tray Sorter control concept Linear motor Test module Scanner Infeed * Sort Control SORTER CONTROL AND SORTATION SYSTEMS All machine-relevant functions are controlled by a programmable logic controller suited for industrial use. This real-time system, with worldwide maintenance service, executes control commands for all mechanical components of the sorter and its peripherals (induction unit, scanner and destinations) and processes the signals from all sensors and watchdog units. The sorter control comprises remote input/output devices that are networked via a standardised PROFIBUS/ AS-i bus system. The Sortation System is a PC-based Windows server, which represents the upper control levels and communicates with the customer host. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE BELT TRAY SORTER Power supply on demand, due to the contactless energy supply system Modular design Standard PLC with worldwide service Minimal maintenance requirements, easy access Considerably lower maintenance costs compared to conventional energy supply systems

GENTLE, SMOOTH AND SAFE ALWAYS ON THE RIGHT TRACK RETAIL DISTRIBUTION/NON-FOOD ITEMS Feeding system Induction unit Scanner Roller container Destinations Sorter Pick to belt conveyor Collecting belt conveyor sorters ensure fast, gentle sortation and distribution of all types of products of various shapes and sizes. Technical layout of a sortation system for the DIRK ROSSMAN GmbH logistics centre The Group s sortation and distribution systems provide the ideal conditions for ensuring that transhipment points, subsidiaries, branches and sales outlets are supplied punctually day after day with non-food products and staple and luxury foods. Careful sortation and distribution of the goods means that these can be delivered safely and undamaged. EVERY PRODUCT HAS ITS OWN FORMAT Books, CDs and DVDs, magazines, newspaper bundles, clothing, shoes, drugstore goods or car parts as diverse as the demands of retail distribution on a modern sortation and distribution system are, so diverse are the solutions the Group offers with its highperformance sortation systems. The focus is on in addition to the profitability of the overall machine quick, smooth, flawless order picking, depending on the size, weight, shape and surface characteristics of the individual piece goods. Just how successful the Group is with its designs can be seen in the numerous references from the clothing industry, drugstore chains, from the fields of spare parts logistics, print media and multi-media. Various demands can be met, depending on the individual customer needs: High sorter capacity Gentle handling of sorted goods Induction and discharge tailored to the different items Shipment tracking Group sortation Product labelling (value added service) Printing shipping documents 8-9

THE RIGHT SOLUTION FOR EVERY TASK COMPLETELY YOUR TASTE RETAIL DISTRIBUTION/FOOD ITEMS Bitte Bitte Feindaten Hoist/Lift Full pallet storage system Pick-up conveyors Empty pallet storage system Timing belt conveyor Induction unit Feeding belt conveyor Top scanner Sorter BS 25 MT-3D No-read system Side scanner Empty pallet storage conveyor Hoist/Lift Empty pallet distribution system Sortation positions Food orders are easier to pick with sorters. Technical layout of a food order picking system for Nestlé Germany THE GROUP MAKES EVERYTHING GO SMOOTHLY The Belt Tray Sorter with contactless energy supply and linear motor drive is a sortation system often used for retail distribution. From goods packaged in film with a high coefficient of friction (anti-slip surface) or shoe boxes to goods packaged in polybags the Belt Tray Sorter reliably and smoothly transports all items to the correct destination. The functional basis of the sorter is a series of moving conveyor belts, which move at a 90 angle to the direction of sorter travel. After activating the corresponding belt tray, the product is fed onto the belt tray at a speed adjusted to the speed of the sorter and the angle of induction. The discharge process is adapted to the product s characteristics. ALWAYS FRESH ON THE TABLE In the food industry, quick but gentle product sortation is imperative. Perishable or damageable items such as frozen foods, baked goods or dairy products require a high performance sortation system that meets the respective product requirements and the statutory regulations with regard to hygienic handling. The sorters are in addition to a number of other outstanding features, such as minimal maintenance requirements and easy access also designed for applications in temperatures ranging to 30 C. All products arrive at the customer safe and fresh. CUSTOMISED ORDER PICKING One of the leading companies for meat products processes up to 1,400 orders with 80,000 order units selected from a product range with 800 items daily. A high-performance sortation system BS 25 MT-3D takes care of the smooth processing. The orders are processed in 24-hour cycles. The store-related, two-stage order picking is performed directly at the manufacturer. That means a high level of economic efficiency and profitability for the company. Via a total of 6 induction units, the order units are distributed across 150 destinations at a sorter speed of 1.5 m/s and a sorter tray capacity of 10,000 per hour, where they are precisely and gently discharged. That is customised order picking.

SORTATION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY FOR A SAFE ARRIVAL AIRPORTS Smoother passenger flows, shorter connection times: high-speed Group baggage handling systems minimise baggage transport times. With automatic high-speed baggage-handling systems, the fully integrated solutions offered by the Group are the systems of choice for small, medium and large airports. In addition to manufacturing the systems, the Group also handles connecting them to security, storage and sortation systems and to the systems transporting bags from the checkin area to the plane, and for the transport of transfer and arrival baggage. BAGGAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS FROM POWERFUL, GENTLE AND SAFE International and regional airports are registering steady growth in the volume of passenger traffic. In order to continue to ensure safe and flexible baggage handling, a powerful Group baggage transport and distribution system is necessary. Be it a central sortation concept with Tilt Tray Sorters or a decentralised design with destination-programmed transport vehicles the individually designed Group solutions have proven themselves worldwide. System control, process computers and the corresponding peripherals supplement the scope of service and make distribution capacities of up to 10,000 suitcases per hour possible. With the the Group baggage handling system, the increasing numbers of passengers can be handled with ease. For the passengers, this means short waiting times at checkin, gentle baggage handling and short transfer times. Group baggage conveyor systems help speed up flight departures and ensure smoother onward journeys following flight stopovers. 10-11

Group integrated baggage conveyor and distributor systems improve security and stop baggage from being delayed or misplaced. STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY START TO FINISH baggage handling systems prove themselves in daily operation. Precise and reliable. In Dubai, Sydney, Hamburg, Heathrow T5 and Beijing. Belt Tray Sorter or Tilt Tray Sorter the robust sortation systems distinguish themselves through their state-of-the-art technology, long service life and high level of availability. Interruptions caused by baggage can be reduced considerably using the Sorter BS 55 ET-CD, with its closed surface. Systems of this type reduce possible downtime and increase the efficiency of the entire baggage system. The autover BA 55 works with rail-mounted, self-propelled transport vehicles, the autoca BC 55. Equipped with their own onboard path finding computer, speed controls and active switch controls, the transport vehicles have a contactless energy and data supply. The autover BA 55 conveys, stores and sorts with a high level of reliability at speeds up to 10 m/s. Thanks to computer-supported rail management and a simple rail system, expansions are possible any time at a low cost.

TAILOR-MADE SOLUTIONS FROM THE INTRALOGISTICS EXPERTS WORLDWIDE Wherever you need intelligent, reliable sortation and distribution systems and solutions, we re there to help! Worldwide, around the clock, and on Sundays and public holidays too. Whether it s for courier and parcel services, the mail-order business, retail distribution or baggage handling our global service and distribution network will ensure that your systems run smoothly and you can perform at your best. 12-13

WE KNOW THE WAY WORLDWIDE As one of the international leaders in the manufacture of intralogistics for conveying, loading, palletising, packaging, sortation and distribution technologies, we know the routes your products take and their unique handling characteristics. This knowledge is integrated into the development and manufacturing processes for all our equipment and systems. We maintain and ensure proximity to our customers in every part of the world through a global sales and service network. The story is far reaching. A team of 3,700 professionals worldwide. Annual turnover of 627 million EUR. Wholly owned subsidiaries and holding companies on each continent and representatives in over 70 countries. Each of these elements contributes to a solid foundation for our export-orientated activities. And our presence on the ground ensures individual adaptation to local requirements. Location-relevant solutions are the result of our constant close cooperation with our customers. OUR CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY Family spirit is a fundamental factor in the success of the Group as a globally operating concern. Shareholders, executive management and staff are essential members of a community in which constructive cooperation is the hallmark of our corporate philosophy. The owners commitment to considerable reinvestment in the company is a prerequisite for securing the future, and is the basis for the success-oriented partnerships between our company and our customers.

SIMPLY WORLD-CLASS CUSTOMER SUPPORT Group is known worldwide for its individually tailored customer support. This is based on a global network of regional service centres. Our support solutions will keep your systems operating 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. GROUP EVERYTHING FROM ONE SINGLE SOURCE We also act as the main contractor on behalf of our customers providing comprehensive, highly customised concepts from product filling to palletising and packaging. Competent engineering, fast and reliable on-site service as well as optimal spare parts supply complete the picture and ensure high reliability of the systems. 14-15

At Group, the focus is always on people. We build strong partnerships through personal relationships and individual attention. CUSTOMER CARE Our customer care programme entitles you to multiple service options, such as maintenance and repair on site through our field service engineers or regular safety checks according to statutory rights. If hardware replacements are needed, our comprehensive warranty service ensures you are always covered. TRAINING AND QUALIFICATION We offer standard and tailored customer training programmes to make sure your teams are fully qualified to operate your systems. With hands-on guidance, conducted either on-site or at Group locations, your teams can maintain optimal operational performance. MODERNISATION PARTS LOGISTICS We are constantly developing new ways to upgrade our software and hardware to extend a system s lifetime, lower energy costs and increase efficiency. We will keep you informed of all relevant upgrade opportunities, based on an understanding of your business and system needs. We guarantee spare part replacements around the world through our local companies. As a Group customer, you will have your own individual contact to assist you with technical inquiries, warranty issues or repair orders and to secure that your order is delivered on time. HOTLINE SUPPORT Our hotline support is manned 24/7 by highly trained, multiskilled engineers who all have at least four years of direct field experience. Most cases are solved remotely, however, should the problem require more specialised attention, a Group engineer will be quickly sent out. RESIDENTIAL SERVICE With our residential service, we are on-site every day to take complete responsibility for your system uptime, performance and operational efficiency. We can take care of all main tenance and management, including system improvements, contingency plans, specialist advice and repairs.

Group GmbH & Co. KG Postfach 1254 59267 Beckum, Germany Tel. +49 (0) 25 21-24 0 Fax +49 (0) 25 21-24 280 E-mail beumer@beumergroup.com www.beumergroup.com reserves the right to make modifications that serve technical progress. Ident. no.: 53834-BE-600-V2-2.0EN0514-GB140361 Products and technologies carrying s made different seal are characterised by their sustainability based on their economic, environmental and social performance as measured by the Sustainability Index (BSI).