Monday 9 October Co-located with: Powered by: Created and produced by:
Climate change and its impact on dredging Mark van Zanten Senior Project Manager Water Royal HaskoningDHV Co-located with: Powered by: Created and produced by:
Sustainable land reclamation in light of climate change Experiences in Indonesia, the Philippines and Singapore Mark van Zanten 09 October 2017
Mark van Zanten Born Noordoostpolder 1968 Delft University 1993 Civil Engineering (Royal) Haskoning(DHV) since 1993 Living in: Netherlands, Nigeria, Morocco, Singapore, Indonesia 4
Sustainable development of land reclamation 1. Opening remarks 2. Comparison General observations on climate change adaptation How do these countries tackle: Water resilient design (flood protection levels) Adaptive design (climate change adaptation) Example projects Conclusions Indonesia The Philippines Singapore 5
Sustainable development of land reclamation Issues we observe: 60 % of global population lives within coastal areas Multiple land-use (city, industry, port, agriculture, recreation and tourism) Multiple water-uses (drinking, sewage, transportation, agriculture, industry, recreation) Climate change and land subsidence 6
Sustainable development of land reclamation What does sustainable development mean? Need for sustainable growth of all land-uses; Need for water safe / resilient development to deal with the effects of climate change & subsidence; Need for planning / engineering of water uses. Our contribution as consultants & engineers: Integrated design; Use water as an asset for sustainable development: urban - ecology recreation - economy Resilient solutions for climate change 7
Sustainable development of land reclamation Our experience: 8
Sustainable development of land reclamation The South East Asian examples: Indonesia Singapore The Philippines 9
Sustainable development of land reclamation Prelude: flood protection levels world-wide Area/ project Country Safety level Randstad (Rotterdam, Amsterdam, The Hague) The Netherlands 1:100,000 Pilot polder in Singapore Singapore 1:100,000 Jakarta Bay Reclamations Indonesia 1:1,000 1:10,000 Proposed for Paray-Paranaque land reclamation (Manilla) Philippines 1:1,000 New Orleans United States 1:500 Most Coastal Areas United Kingdom 1:200 Eko Atlantic City (Lagos) Nigeria 1:100 Palm Deira Dubai 1:100 10
Indonesia Policies on climate change : The Indonesian climate agency (BKMG) suggests to incorporate climate change scenarios as a design principle, this is however not clearly defined. Climate change anticipated: Sea levels are projected to rise between 50 and 100 cm towards 2100; However in urban areas (such as Jakarta) this is greatly overshadowed by land subsidence rates of 10-15 cm/year; For 2100, the increase in rainfall intensity considered is between + 10% and +25% 11
Indonesia Water resilient design: No prescribed platform levels or flood protection levels Coastal flood protection is calculated by: design wave + storm surge + land subsidence Relating (economic) damage and loss of life to required flood safety level is a new concept that is currently being introduced. 12
Indonesia Kapuk Reclamation (Jakarta Bay) Flood protection level 1:1,000 Sea level rise taken into account for design: 0.15 m Platform level : + 4.6M MSL Drainage design : design storm of 100-year return period Climate change allowance for drainage: +20% rainfall intensity 13
Indonesia NCICD 2 (Jakarta Bay) 2030: 4 million residents at risk 14
Indonesia NCICD 2 (Jakarta Bay) Proposed flood protection levels: 1:10,000 for Outer sea wall 1:1,000 for coastal urban areas 1:100 for river dikes (urban areas) Sea level rise taken into account for : 0.67m towards 2100 Climate change allowance for rainfall: +20% rainfall intensity Situation 2017: Very roughly it can be said that 1% of the coastline floods daily, 5% floods monthly and 10% of the coastline floods yearly under normal tidal events. 15
The Philippines The Philippines is making policies on climate change, for example: The Philippines has a national commission on Climate Change, and a National Climate Change Action plan 2011-2028 Municipalities prepare Local Climate Change Adaptation Plans (LCCAP) Climate change anticipated: Sea levels are projected to rise between 0.52m and 0.98m towards 2100 (IPCC guidelines); For 2100, the increase in rainfall intensity considered is about 30%; Water resilient design: No prescribed flood protection levels; Platform level : + 4M MLLW (Philippine Reclamation Authority) 16
The Philippines Pasay-Parañaque Reclamation (Manila Bay) Flood protection level 1:1,000 Sea level rise taken into account for design: 0.45 m (for design life of 50 years) Platform level : + 4M MLLW* Drainage design : design storm of 100-year return period Climate change allowance for drainage: +30% rainfall intensity * Prescribed by the Philippine Reclamation Authority (PRA) 17
The Philippines Pasay-Parañaque Reclamation (Manila Bay) Mangrove park 18
Singapore Singapore is actively making policies on climate change, for example: Inter-Ministerial Committee on Climate Change since 2007 Coastal Adaptation Study (CAS) by BCA Climate Change study for Civilian Airports (by Royal HaskoningDHV for CAAS) Climate change anticipated: Sea levels are projected to rise between 0.25m and 0.76m towards the end of the century in Singapore* For 2100, the increase in rainfall intensity considered is between + 25% and +50% Platform level + 105.5 mrl (includes sea level rise adaptation) No prescribed flood protection levels (yet) * Singapore s Climate Action Plan published in 2016 by the National Climate Change Secretariat (NCCS). 19
The polder example in Singapore Polder idea from Prof d Angremond Project developed by Housing and Development Board (HDB) Feasibility Study & Detailed studies and Design completed Project announced by Singapore s Minister (National Development) in Nov 2016 Tender for construction: on-going 20
The polder example in Singapore 21
The polder example in Singapore Pulau Tekong Pilot Polder Flood protection level 1;100,000 yrs return period for wave overtopping Drainage design : design storm of 100-year return period* 810 ha surface 10 km sea dike 6m above sea level 29 km of drains Reduced use of sand * PUB s Code of Practice (COP) on Surface Water Drainage. 22
Comparison Country Flood protection level Sea level rise Rainfall change Platform levels Indonesia National Kapuk NCICD* -- 1:1,000 1:100-1:10,000.. + 0.15m + 0.67m (2100) m + 20% + 20% -- +4.6 MSL -- Philippines National Pasay-Parañaque* -- 1:1,000 + 0.45m (2070) + 30% +4.0 MMWL +4.0 MMWL Singapore National Polder -- 1:100,000** + 0.25-0.75m (2100) confidential +25-50% confidential +105.5 mrl n.a. *proposed ** for wave overtopping 23
Concluding remarks Climate change adaptation in the three countries is done differently; Singapore s policies are more advanced and it has a more conservative approach in (reclamation) design; This is also translated in a higher platform level, which determines the height of the reclamation (and the cost); With rising sea levels the polder alternative becomes more attractive; All three countries have been, are or will be assisted by the Dutch on flood protection levels and master planning (Tekong polder, NCICD Jakarta, Manila Bay). Sustainable land reclamation starts with a sustainable approach to planning & design 24
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! 25