Achieving a cost optimal balance between heat supply efficiency and moderation of demand Dr. Christian Friebe Thüga Aktiengesellschaft COGEN Europe, 25th of February
560 cities and towns, 100 companies - The Thüga group constitutes the largest alliance of municipal utilities in Germany Partners within the Thüga group Municipal utilities in our network Majority shareholders: Cities & towns Minority shareholders: Thüga Group Providing knowledge exchange Offering shared services Key figures* Turnover: 23.3 billion Gas sales: 120.5 billion kwh Electricity sales: 47.7 billion kwh Heating sales: 9.3 billion kwh Water sales: 287.4 million m 3 *31.12.2013 2
560 cities and towns, 100 companies - The Thüga group constitutes the largest alliance of municipal utilities in Germany Partners within the Thüga group Municipal utilities in our network Majority shareholders: Cities & towns Minority shareholders: Thüga Group Providing knowledge exchange Offering shared services Key figures* Turnover: 23.3 billion Gas sales: 120.5 billion kwh Electricity sales: 47.7 billion kwh Heating sales: 9.3 billion kwh Water sales: 287.4 million m 3 *31.12.2013 3
In order to meet the EU targets efficiently and effectively, we need to focus on existing buildings Defined targets of EU Roadmap 2020/30 New buildings Buildings 40% of primary energy 36% of CO2 Existing buildings <1%/a new buildings <1%/a deep modernization strict rules for efficient heating and energy demand 40% built before 1960 Source: Investing in energy efficiency in Europe s buildings, The Economist, 2013 4
Framing the challenge of modernising the existing building stock Financial capabilities of owner Available Infrastructure Efficient Heating Technologies Options to reduce demand 5
Only the gas grid is capable to deliver the hourly capacities and seasonal flexibilities to heat existing buildings Electricity demand (3,000 KWh per annum) Gas demand (15,000 KWh per annum) Delivered Capacity in kwh/h JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Source: Thüga AG, 2015 6
Deep renovation requires a significantly higher upfront investment compared to heating modernisation Base case Case 1: Case 2: Case 3: Construction in 1985 with oil heating Deep renovation, oil heating remains Installation of gas heating + solar thermal Installation of gas heating + 10% biogas CO2 Emissions 14,2 t/a 10,4 t/a 7,3 t/a 7,4 t/a Final energy consumption Initial Investment 44000 kwh/a 32000 kwh/a 33500 kwh/a 36500 kwh/a - ca. 60.000 ca. 16.000 ca. 11.000 Heating costs ca. 4.050 /a ca. 6.050 /a* ca. 3700 /a* ca. 3800 /a* * Depreciation included Estimation for Single Family home in Germany, 2014 7
Less than 20% of all gas heating systems use the efficient condensing boiler technology Electric Direct Heating (17%) Biomass (7%) Heating Network (8%) Solids (3%) Gas Traditional Boiler (38%) Oil (19%) Gas Condensing Boiler (8%) 100% 2010 Residential & Commercial GHG emissions Source: Eurogas, Gas the right choice for heating in Europe, 2014 8
If the gas infrastructure is available, shifting from oil to gas significantly reduces CO2 emissions Electric Direct Heating (17%) Biomass (7%) Oil (10%) 5% reduction Heating Network (8%) Solids (3%) Gas Condensing Boiler (17%) 95% Gas Traditional Boiler (38%) 2010 Residential & Commercial GHG emissions Source: Eurogas, Gas the right choice for heating in Europe, 2014 9
Replacing traditional gas boilers by condensing boilers reduces emissions quickly and at low cost Electric Direct Heating (17%) Biomass (7%) Oil (10%) 5% reduction 7% reduction Heating Network (8%) Solids (3%) 88% 2010 Residential & Commercial GHG emissions Gas Condensing Boiler (55%) Source: Eurogas, Gas the right choice for heating in Europe, 2014 10
The customer s choice depends on the existing infrastructure, space in the house and size of wallet 1. Access to district heating network? 2. Access to gas distribution grid? Micro CHP - Reduce burden on electricity grid - Motors are very mature - Small Fuel Cell in R&D Gas Condensing Boiler - Low upfront costs - Very mature technology - Excellent to combine with solar thermal Gas Heat Pump - Gas plus solar thermal or near surface geothermal - Between mature and R&D 3. Other options Pellets / Biomass - Local storage required - Low CO2 emissions, high particulate matter emissions Oil Condensing Boiler - Oil tank required - Can be combined with solar thermal Electrical Heat Pump - Electricity plus solar thermal or near surface geothermal - Capacity of electricity grid? 11
The customer s choice depends on the existing infrastructure, space in the house and size of wallet 1. Access to district heating network? 2. Access to gas distribution grid? Micro CHP - Reduce burden on electricity grid - Motors are very mature - Small Fuel Cell in R&D Gas Condensing Boiler - Low upfront costs - Very mature technology - Excellent to combine with solar thermal Gas Heat Pump - Gas plus solar thermal or near surface geothermal - Between mature and R&D 3. Other options Pellets / Biomass - Local storage required - Low CO2 emissions, high particulate matter emissions Oil Condensing Boiler - Oil tank required - Can be combined with solar thermal Electrical Heat Pump - Electricity plus solar thermal or near surface geothermal - Capacity of electricity grid? 12
Example: Reducing heating demand at the radiator a low cost solution for owners and tenants Wireless control of temperature in each room Opening a window automatically reduces heating Simple scheduling of heating patterns Control your radiators via smart phone 13
An integrated view of the energy system maximises energy savings and CO2 emission reductions quick and cost efficient Employ technology and fuel neutral policies in order to be cost efficient and innovation-friendly Provide information and incentives for consumers to replace existing heating and cooling systems Financial capabilities of owner Available Infrastructure Efficient Heating Technologies Options to reduce demand 14
Dr. Christian Friebe christian.friebe@thuega.de 15