December 13, 2011 3rd Scientific Meeting MolecularDiagnostics.be t Elzenveld, Antwerp European guidelines for the universal description of Ig / TR clonality testing data Anton W. Langerak Dept. of Immunology Erasmus M, Rotterdam Molecular diagnostics in leukemia and lymphoma Diagnosis : tumor (= clone of cells) vs. reactive (to infection)? lonality testing via Ig / TR gene rearrangements lassification / prognosis : (clin.) heterogeneity and surivial MRD analysis : monitoring of therapy effectiveness Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus M 1
B- and T-cell receptors D IgH IgH D Antigen binding IgL IgL TR TR TR TR D D D79b D79a D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 B-lymphocyte T-lymphocyte T-lymphocyte Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus M (D) recombination as the basis for diversity H DH H s 1 2 3 4 5 6 66 1 2 3 4 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 D joining D IgH IgH D D- joining IgL IgL precursor IGH mrna transcription D79b D79a translation D RNA splicing mature IGH mrna Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus M 2
Further diversity in DR3 region / junctional region IGH3-21 IGHD3-3 IGH4-1 IGHM IGH3-21 (germline) TGTATTATGTGGAGA TGTATTATGT TGTATTATGTGG TGTATTATGTG TGTATTATGTGGAG TGTATTATG TGTATTATGTGG TGTATTATGTGGA TGTATTAT TGTATTATGTGG TGTATTATGTG TGTATTATGTGGAGA TGTATTATGTG TGTATTA TGTATTATGTG TGTATTATGTGGA junctional region insertion AGG TATGGA GGATG TGAGT AATGA GT GG GATG TTA GGTAG GTAG GGA AG GTA IGHD3-3 (germline) GTATTAGATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA GATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA TTAGATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA TTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA TATTAGATTTTTGGAGTGGTTAT GATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA TAGATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTAT TTAGATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA GATTTTTGGAGTGGT ATTAGATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA TTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA ATTAGATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA TATTAGATTTTTGGAGTG GATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA ATTAGATTTTTGGAGTGG GTATTAGATTTTTGGAGTGGTTATTATA insertion GTA GATG GGT GTAGGTA GTAG GGTAAGG GGAG GGTT GATGA GTG GTAG GTAG GGA IGH4-1 (germline) ATATTTGATAT TGATAT TTTGATAT ATATTTGATAT TTTGATAT ATTTGATAT TGATAT TATTTGATAT ATATTTGATAT TTTGATAT ATTTGATAT GATAT TATTTGATAT AT TTTGATAT ATTTGATAT Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus M lonality testing : heterogenous or identical? fluorescent intensity Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus M DNA fragment length 3
lonality testing : heterogenous or identical? fluorescent intensity Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus M DNA fragment length dominant peak = clone BIOMED-2 multiplex PR - complementarity of Ig targets DLBL (n=116) FL (n=109) - FR1 67 % - FR1 73 % - FR2 57 % - FR2 76 % - FR3 47 % - FR3 52 % - all FR 77 % - all FR 84 % - IGH + IGK 91 % - IGH + IGK 100 % ~10 % without clonal Ig targets IGK : added value in combination with IGH BIOMED-2, Leukemia 2007 4
BIOMED-2 multiplex PR - complementarity of TR targets peripheral T-NHL NOS AITL (n= 36) (n=45, post review) - TRB 98 % - TRB 89 % - TRG 93 % - TRG 92 % - TRB + TRG 100 % - TRB + TRG 94 % TRB : good target, added value in combination with TRG BIOMED-2, Leukemia 2007 Standardization of Ig/TR clonality testing pre-analytical analytical post-analytical - analytical phase is largely standardized (BIOMED-2 protocol and kits) - pre-analytical phase -material type selection, preservation, sample handling -isolation of nucleic acid (yield, purity, integrity) -PR target selection - post-analytical phase -interpretation (individual PRs, overall) -reporting / advice (integration with other lab or clinical parameters) Overall aim: standardization of pre-analytical and post-analytical phases Main objectives 1. Recommendations for pre- and post-analytical phases 2. Universal guideline for description of Ig / TR clonality testing data 5
Standardization of Ig/TR clonality testing oligo poly mono / bi +/- background skewing Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus M Immunobiology is the basis for different Ig/TR clonality patterns Immunobiological condition Examples Expected type of pattern no lymphocytes non-hematopoietic tissue negative w/o background NOTE: non-specific peak(s) paucity of lymphocytes small infiltrate, small sample (minor) peaks, not consistent (e.g. skin) (immune)activation with dominant immune response (multiple) peaks, consistent dominant clones (e.g. infection, autoimmunity) reactive lymphocytes broad immune response (irregular) Gaussian curve (mono)clonal leukemia, lymphoma, clone of unknown significance mono-/bi-allelic 1-2 peaks, NB: competition idem, + polycl bgr. 1-2 peaks + Gaussian curve idem, but mutated (rare) negative 2 ;non-specific peak(s) idem, mutated + polycl bgr Gaussian curve 2 1 Designed to be applicable in >95% of cases 2 In fact this represents a false-negative result 6
Multiple signals in Ig/TR clonality testing How to deal with multiple signals / products?? - (mono)clonality (mono)clonal cell population (+/- background) monoallelic 1 product per locus * bi-allelic 2 products per locus * - bi-clonality two clones 2-4 per locus * - oligoclonality multiple clones (>3 products per locus *) - irregular polyclonality incomplete Gaussian distribution - polyclonality diverse, Gaussian / normal distribution * for IGK / TRB double!! Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus M Multiple rearrangements per TRB allele Langerak, Hematopathol 2012, in press 7
Multiple signals compatible with one clone TRB configuration tube A + B (-) tube (D-) total G / G - - 0 D- / G - 1 1 - / G 1-1 - / - 2-2 D-1 + D-2 / G - 2 2-1 + D-2 / G 1 1 2-1 + D-2 / - 2 1 3-1 + D-2 / D-1 + D-2 1 3 4-1 + D-2 / -1 + D-2 2 2 4 Langerak, Hematopathol 2012, in press Multiple rearrangements per IGK allele Langerak, Hematopathol 2012, in press 8
Guideline on Ig/TR clonality testing data lonality testing = molecular pattern recognition molecular morphology Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus M European guideline on Ig/TR clonality testing data www.euroclonality.org 9
European guideline on Ig/TR clonality testing data Guideline development in Europe is a challenge! European guideline on Ig/TR clonality testing data Guideline development in Europe is a challenge! lonality testing is not quantitative common language to score patterns 10
Universal description of Ig/TR clonality testing data Objective: standardized description (common language) Two levels 1.) technical description per tube (info for labs); 2.) overall molecular interpretation / conclusion (possibly split out for B / T cells, mentioning studied targets, control gene analysis and test sensitivity) (info for pathologists and/or directly to clinicians) Starting points - should be applicable to both heteroduplex and GeneScan analysis - should focus on ~95% of cases - scientific conceptual basis: type of pattern determined by underlying immunobiology EQA scheme meetings 16 th Eurolonality meeting Kiel (Autumn 2008) 1st EQA round (organised by Kiel; wet lab trial) v1 and v2 scoring system 18 th Eurolonality meeting Noordwijk (Autumn 2009) 2nd EQA round (organised by Southampton; wet lab trial) v3 scoring system 19 th Eurolonality meeting Belfast (Spring 2010) 3rd EQA round (organised by Southampton; e-trial) v4 scoring system 20 th Eurolonality meeting Kiel (Autumn 2010) 4th EQA round (organised by Nijmegen; e-trial) v5 scoring system 21 st Eurolonality meeting Ghent (Spring 2011) 5th EQA round (organised by Rotterdam and Groningen; 50 routine samples) final version scoring system 11
Polyclonal TRG - A TRB - B Polyclonal IGH FR1 IGH FR3 12
(Irrregular) polyclonal TRB - Monoclonal -/+ polyclonal background IGH FR1 IGH FR1 13
Multiple products (reproducible) true oligoclonality TRB - A TRG - A Pseudoclonal 194 nt TRB - 201 nt 14
onclusions Analytical standardization of Ig / TR assays reached (BIOMED-2) Good interpretation requires technical and immunobiological insight (educational workshops; www.euroclonality.org) Recommendations on pre- and post analytical phases needed European guideline for scoring Ig / TR clonality testing data (Langerak et al., in preparation) ommon language is essential for QA schemes on Ig / TR testing Thanks to Erasmus M, Rotterdam Ellen van Gastel Ashley van der Spek Dennis Tielemans Brenda erhaaf oyce ermeulen Ingrid Wolvers acques.m. van Dongen Kiel, Germany Monika Bruggemann Matthias Ritgen Southampton, UK Liz Hodges Sue Harris Nijmegen, Netherlands Patricia Groenen Paul Rombout Groningen, Netherlands Ed Schuuring All other Eurolonality labs 15