Urban wind turbines in The Netherlands Yigall Schilp, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment Henry Terlouw, Municipality of The Hague Jadranka Cace, RenCom Commissioner s Forum: Urban Wind Turbines July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC
Planning wind energy on a national level Yigall Schilp policy maker spatial planner, Msc project: windenergy on land July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 2
The Netherlands in Europe July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 3
Dutch Facts Over 16,5 million inhabitants Capital: Amsterdam Surface area: 42.000 KM2 (roughly 1/3 the size of NY State) Very densely populated spatial planning important Planning system July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 4
Organization Minister The Environment Spatial Planning Local Spatial Planning National Spatial Policy Spatial planning and Environment - topics both environmental and spatial Project Windenergy on land July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 5
EU sustainability goals In 2020: Reduction CO2 emissions by 30% Renewable energy 20% percent of total energy use July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 6
Project Windenergy on land (1) Large scale wind turbines Now 2000MW on land and 230MW at sea 6000MW on land in 2020 and 6000MW at sea in 2020 July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 7
Project Windenergy on land (2) Small turbines ( up to 15m) National objectives for small turbines: At least: less obstructional policies At most: stimulating policies Use small turbines for social basis/acceptance July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 8
Small turbines (1) Current obstructional policies In Environmental bill (detailed rules and procedures for environmental permit) In building permit (hard to get without certification) In zoning plan (long and expensive procedure to change) July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 9
Small turbines (2) Planned stimulating policies Easier to get environmental permit (strike few regulations per 1/1 2011) Easier to build (building permit easier with certification) Experiments for changing rules and regulations (Crisis and Recovery Bill) 6 municipalities Mini turbine (max 10m) for a period of 10 years First step: non-residential areas Permanent evaluation Goal: change unnecessary rules and regulations July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 10
Small turbines (3) Goal: Gain social basis for wind energy in general Contribute to sustainable image / Likeability-factor Fast homegrown results (you make you own power) Handlings perspective (you can build and own it yourself) July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 11
In conclusion More consistency in policy Less rules and regulations it s easy being green July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 12
The Hague Climate Neutral Henry Terlouw Coordinator Climate Change The Hague
Jadranka Cace, RenCom Renewable energy consultant Owner of Renewable Energy Company (RenCom) Services: policy development product development project management Contact: jadranka@rencom.nl http://nl.linkedin.com/in/jadrankacace www.urbanwind.net/pdf/small_wind_turbines_guide_final.pdf July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 22
How small is small? IEC definition rotor diameter 0,75-25 m rotor surface 0,5-200 m 2 rated power 0,1-50 kw NWEA definitions (Netherlands Wind Energy Association) Small wind turbines in built surroundings: rated power* 6 kw (*rated power at 12 m/s) pole < 15 m Small wind turbines in industrial and rural areas: rated power < 30 kw pole < 25 m *rated power at 12 m/s July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 23
Dutch small wind turbines with horizontal axis (HAWT) (1) Passaat, Montana, Alize TWFi Tulipo Rated power 1,4 kw 5 kw 10 kw www.fortiswindenergy.com Rated power 0,6 kw 1 kw 2,7 kw 6,6 kw www.thesunfactory.info Rated power www.thesunfactory.info 2,5 kw July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 24
Dutch small wind turbines with horizontal axis (HAWT) (2) Energy Ball Piqo DONQI Rated power 0,5 kw 2,25 kw www.homeenergyamericas.com Rated power www.everkinetiq.nl 0,65 kw Rated power www.donqi.eu/engels 1,75 kw July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 25
Dutch small wind turbines with vertical axis (VAWT) Turby Urban Turbine by Ecofys Rated power 2,8 kw Rated power 2,5 kw www.turby.nl http://realnewenergy.com July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 26
UWT s: Aspects to consider Location: wind conditions Turbine: safety, energy efficiency, noise, vibrations Spatial aspects: visual effects on surrounding Energy balance: electricity generation versus demand (saving) Building integration: load, force, vibrations, contact sound, accessibility Grid connection: requirements of the local grid operator Social aspects: building owner, tenants, neighbors Financial aspects: costs (all-in), incentives, tariff ( /kwh), maintenance Monitoring: kwh generated, -used, -into grid Maintenance, guarantees Permits Manufacturer/supplier July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 27
Wind conditions 1. 2. 3. 4. h 20 x h July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 28
Quick scan location Open location on the coast? no Location higher than 20 m? yes Obstacles in the direction of the prevailing wind? yes Distance >20 times the height of the obstacle? no Measure wind yes no no yes Location OK Measure wind Location OK Location OK July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 29
Stepping stones UWT project Quick scan location Pre-selection turbines Apply for quote Roof scan Financial feasibility Permit requirements Decision making: go - no-go Agreements tenants and neighbors Apply for permit Commission, execution Monitoring, maintenance Artist impression Tulipo turbines, Railway Station, The Hague July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 30
Bottlenecks UWT projects in NL Market not transparent No independent market information Turbines not certified No dedicated legal framework No incentives (Public) acceptance Test field in Schoondijke July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 31
Pilot project The Hague Target 30-50 UWTs 6 permits in three years Procedures take up to 1,5 year 6 turbines installed 36 turbines in process 20 turbines refused Reasons for refusing: o Spatial planning o Anticipated visual disturbances o Complains tenants and neighbors Donqi turbines, Wooninvest, The Hague July 30 2010, DOB Headquarters, NYC 32