The new role of DSO David Trebolle Trebolle Manager, Active Networks and Network Analysis Applications Gas Natural Fenosa 1 1
About us Installed capacity: 15.443 MW 1- Figures at the end of 2011 2
Union Fenosa Distribución Data 31 st Dec 2011 Control rooms 2 Power peak 6.323 MW Substations 364 Transformers / capacity 667 / 22.122 MVA Secondary substations 57.431 MV feeders 2.325 LV feeders 144.035 Embedded DG 3.582 MW 3
Active System Management (New role for DSO) WHY? Distributed ib and intermittent generation and DER challenge to DSOs HOW? Active distribution system management What? Rules and regulation for the system evolution 4
What is happening? DIST. GEN. DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS TRANSMISSION NETWORKS CONVENTIONAL GENERATION d Passiv ve Contro ol Ce entralized Control Source: Fenix project 5
Passive networks Networks with unidirectional flows from transmission to final customer Networks predictable, low DG penetration Low monitoring and control level at MV and LV Fit and forget approach (most of the issues solved at the planning stage) 6
What is happening? DG DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS TRANSMISSION NETWORKS CONVENTIONAL GENERATION Passiv ve Contro ol Centralized Control DG DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS TRANSMISSION NETWORKS CONVENTIONAL GENERATION Passive control Centraliz zed Contro ol Source: Fenix project 7
Source: REE (spanish TSO) Total: 100.168 MW Combined cycle Peak: 43.896 MW Combined cycle Coal Coal Nuclear Nuclear Hydro Wind Hydro Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar CSP Solar CSP Thermal Renewable Thermal Renewable Installed capacity 2011 CHP and others Demand covertures 2011 CHP and others UFD 2011 Source: own Installed Capacity (MW) Percentage (%) CHP (Natural Gas) 166,9 7,6 Rest CHP 319,4 14,5 PV 0,5% Hydro 13,9% Other Renewables 1,4% Natural Gas CHP 7,6% Rest CHP 14,5% Wind Power 1.369,5 62,1 Photovoltaic (PV) 10,3 0,5 Hydro 306,1 13,9 Other Renewables 31,4 1,4 TOTAL Generation 2.203,6 100 Wind power 62,1% Galicia Demand Max. Hourly Average capacity (MW) 1.842 8
What is happening? DG 1 DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS TRANSMISSION NETWORKS CONVENTIONAL GENERATION d Passiv ve Contro ol entralized Control Ce C DG 1 DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS TRANSMISSION NETWORKS CONVENTIONAL GENERATION Passive control Centraliz zed Contro ol DG 1 DSM 2 DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS TRANSMISSION NETWORKS CONVENTIONAL GENERATION works. Coo ordinated nd distribu uted contro ol Active netw ntralized an A cen 1. DG: Distributed Generation 2. DSM: Demand side management Source: Fenix project 9
DSO role is to maintain system security and quality of service in distribution networksin order to serve network customers Market facilitation Transparent & nondiscriminatory access Ensuring the security of the system and the quality of service DNO + System Services = DSO With Active System Management 10
DSO parts Types of Grid Structure Operation Type Clients (Nº) Assets (Nº) Operation Flexibility Monitoring Level Transmission (Security of supply) Mesh Mesh (400, 220 kv) Very few Not many High High Distribution (Quality of Service) Subtransmission (132, 66, 45 kv) MV (20, 15, 11 kv) LV (400 V) Mesh / Radial Mesh/ Radial Mesh / Radial Mesh / Radial Few Quite a lot Medium High Radial Several Many Low Medium Radial Many Many Very Low None Security of supply Quality of service 400kV 220kV 132-66kV 45kV MV LV Transmission System Operator Distribution System Operator 11
Active System Management (New role for DSO) WHY? HOW? What? Distributed and intermittent generation and DER challenge hll for DSOs Active distribution system management Rules and regulation for system evolution 12
Active system management vs DSO s High Voltage Medium Voltage Low voltage TODAY Supervision Control Simulation / Analysis DER Management Supervision Control Simulation / Analysis DER Management Supervision Control Simulation / Analysis DER Management Active networks?? Passive Networks Passive Networks Añover Seseña FU UTURE?? Supervision Control Simulation / Analysis DER Management Supervision Control Simulation / Analysis DER Management Supervision Control Simulation / Analysis DER Management Active Systems Active systems Active / Passive Systems 13 13
New system services for DSO s An example of agreements between DSOs and Distributed Energy Resources Object of agreement Balance of demand/supply (frequency control) Purpose Optimize demand and supply to balance the grid TSO Responsible Actor Service / product provider DS, Supplier / large customer, Aggregators, DG s, DSO s DS, large customer, Black Start capability National or zonal blackout recovery TSO and DSO Aggregators, DG, DSO TSO, DSO, DG, DS, Allow DSO and TSO supervise and Information exchanged TSO and DSO large customer / monitor the electricity system suppliers, aggregators Avoid unsafe, unbalanced and poor Anti - islanding operation DSO DG s quality distribution electric islands Islanding operation Security congestion management (short-term) Firm capacity management (long-term) Voltage and power quality control Improve continuity of supply when higher voltage source is unavailable Operate the grid within the security standards DSO s planning purpose; efficiency in assets use High quality of service DSO s Source: Electric views on demand side participation report, Eurelectric August 2011 TSO: transmission system operator DSO: distribution system operator DS: decentralized storage DSM: demand side management DG: distributed generation DSO DSO DSO DSO DS, Supplier / large customer, Aggregators, DG s Supplier / large customer / DG s, DS Supplier / large customer / DG s / DS Supplier / large customer / DG s / DS 14
DSO business: 15
DSO s VS access and planning process Planning The contribution of DER to firmness. Regulatory mechanisms from DER to deliver firm capacity to DSO s Distribution networks are designed for peak power, which is needed few DG is able to delay investments under some circumstances Regulatory mechanisms for firm capacity Low firmness periods Predictable and controllable primary source hours per year Low capacity required Many DG s 16
Active approach towards distribution network development, planning & access/connection Access Firm Non-Firm Connecti ion Firm Non-firm X Fit and forget approach Everything solved at the planning stage (passive networks) Only operation approach Everything is connected at the planning stage with no restrictions and solved at the operation stage (re-active networks) Active management approach Combine solution between planning and operation (Active networks) Fundamentals Connection: process for DER to be connected to network Access: ability to inject/withdraw energy to/from the network 17
Congestion Management Real time negotiations Forecasts &Schedules Production & Consumption Outages Provisional schedules by agregators Simulations & Network Calculations Proposals of manual actions Real Time Automatic actions Detection of constraints Detection of constraints Search for solutions (actions on prod. & cons.) Adjustment interactions with market TSO Aggregators As TSO, DSO needs to manage congestion in its network to avoid security problems Flows Reconstitution & New analysis TSO Aggregators Suppliers 18
Distributed generators vs voltage control HV MV LV DG is able to participate i t in PF Control PF Control voltage control optimally Voltage Control Voltage Control Source: Grids 2025 project 19
Active System Management (New role for DSO) WHY? HOW? What? Decentralised and intermittent generation and DER challenge DSOs Active distribution system management ICT, rules & responsibilities for thesystem change 20
The key issue A new regulatory framework should cover all the DER aspects DG revenues and Incentives Access and Connection Model Roles and responsibilities Security of Supply and Quality of service System services with DER DSO incentives schemes and revenues 21
Information Exchange & new tecnology Ex-post information from TSO SCADA (real time exceptionally) LV: Very limited MV: P and V above certain capacity (sometimes via DSO) HV: P, V, Q (via DSO) - Depending on the level of automation TSO DSO DSO Distributed Generation: HV, MV, LV (µg) Real time (where needed): Power flow & voltage information, fault management. DSO->TSO: Aggregated P monitoring TSO-> HV DSO: Topology information Offline: TSO->DSO: Day-Ahead weather forecast and dispatch plans Real time (where needed): P, Q, V pf monitoring & control Offline: Maintenance, planned outages, day ahead setpoints Today Future Source: Eurelectric 22
What are we doing? Technology Technology: key enabler From Innovation to Demonstration Innovation R+D Laboratory CASCADA PELGRIN Demostration ti Solutions Deploy 23
Projects Information From website www.gasnaturalfenosa.com You can access to Activities/Innovation, where you can see all relevant projects we are participating in. 24
Recomendations From distribution networks From renewables From DG connection From passive demand To distribution systems.. To real distributed generation.. To DG integration.. To active demand participation From passive networks From From networks and generation follow demand paradigm To active networks.. To a coordination between network users &network operators 25
Conclusions Active Distribution System Management is required to maximize the efficient and sustainable integration of a rising share of Distributed Energy Resources (DG, flexible loads, EV, Storage..) System services are key for DER integration to support system operation Distribution networks will evolve todistribution systems: Congestion management, voltage control, information exchange, connection and planning are fundamental tools to maintain security of supply & quality of service at the distribution level Define new roles and responsibilities and Coordination among all stakeholders and adequate regulation are necessary 26
Thank you for your attention David Trebolle Trebolle Manager, Active Networks and Network Analysis Applications Gas Natural Fenosa Disclaimer: The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. 27