Innovation and E-Government for Sustainable Development

2014 UN Public Service Forum Workshop 1 Innovation and E-Governance for Sustainable Development 24 to 25 June, 2014, Kintex, Seoul, Republic of Korea Innovation and E-Government for Sustainable Development Adriana Alberti, Senior Governance and Public Administration Officer Jonas Rabinovitch, Senior e-governance Advisor E-Government Branch DPADM Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations

Contents 1. UNDESA s Work on E- government 2. Overview of the 2014 UN E-government Survey 3. Key Findings 4. E-government Development Index 5. 2014 Global and Regional E-Gov. Trends

Overview of UNDESA s Work on E-GOVERNMENT Division for Public Administration and Development Management EGB/DPADM s Vision and Mission Provide support to Member States to build capacity in the area of innovation, e/mgovernance and transformation of government to foster sustainable development. DPADM s Strategy Our strategy is based on an integrated approach among our three main pillars of work: 1.Normative work/ Support for intergovernmental processes 2.Research and Policy Analysis 3.Capacity-building and advisory services Part 1-3

1. Overview of DPADM/EGB s Thematic Areas Institutional Frameworks and Leadership for e-gov. Development Innovation in Service Delivery and e-gov. CAPACITY BUILDING ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH NORMATIVE WORK e-gov. as Enabler of Collaborative and Open Governance for Sust. Dev.

1. UNDESA s E-government Capacity Building Tools Part 2-5

Bahrain Brazil UNDESA s E-Government Capacity Building- Advisory Missions Brunei Darussalam Chad Chile Colombia Costa Rica Ecuador Ethiopia Guatemala Haiti Jordan Morocco Panama Qatar Republic of Korea Saudi Arabia The Bahamas Togo United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Developing integrated e- government strategies, policies and guidelines with an emphasis on: Whole of government approach Citizen engagement Online services Social media Open government/open data, smart government and m- government. 6

UNDESA s E-Government Capacity Building Tools 1. UN E-Government Survey 2. UN E-Government Knowledge Base - UNPAN 3. Online Training on UN E-Government Survey 4. Self-Assessment Toolkit (under development) 5. METER 6. Workshops/ Trainings 7. Peer-to-peer knowledge transfers 8. Technical cooperation projects 7

Self-Assessment E-Government Tool-Kit From What to How A tool for decision-makers to identify: o Areas of strength and challenges; o Steps needed to enhance their egovernment services; o Develop and implement egovernment strategies to promote sustainable development. Practice oriented, hands-on and comprehensible tool; Member States will perform a self-assessment based on UN framework and methodology; Help UNDESA collect, analyze data and prepare reports. 8

E-Government for the Future We Want 2014 UN E-Government Survey: Thematic Overview http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 9

UN E-Government Survey The E-Gov Survey presents a systematic assessment of the use of ICT to transform and reform the public sector by enhancing efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, accountability, access to public services and citizen participation in 193 Countries. UN E-Gov Survey adopted by Member States and Economists as a useful tool to benchmark e- Government Development UN Survey as a tool to guide policies and strategies on how Member States can overall improve public service delivery and bridge the digital divide. http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 10

Overview of Thematic Areas of the 2014 Survey E-Participation Whole-of-Government Multi-channel Service Delivery Expanding Usage Bridging the Digital Divide and vulnerable Groups Open Government Data http://www.unpan.org/dpadm/ 11

Key Findings Governments across the globe are undertaking a process of transformative change. E-Government is becoming a holistic process to transform government towards sustainable development. The transformative changes entail not only the design and implementation of innovative practices, but more fundamentally a transformation of government s role, functions, institutional frameworks and processes. E-Government development can contribute towards the post-2015 development agenda: strengthening national capabilities, regional and national networks and stronger voice of citizens.

Key Findings e-consultation: 49% of countries provide a facility for feedback regarding the improvement of their online services. e-decision Making: 75 Member States place their e- participation policy online. Almost 43% of United Nations Member States today provide information about their CIO for e-government. 73 Countries offered a One-Stop-Shop portal in 2014.

Key Findings In 2014, for the first time, all 193 UN Member States had national websites. At the regional level, Europe continued to lead followed by the Americas, Asia, Oceania and Africa. Effective regional cooperation will help support change programs and advance e-government development. (Examples: European Union, African Union s Programme for Infrastructure Development..)

2014 Findings Between 2012 and 2014, the number of countries offering mobile apps and mobile portals doubled to nearly 50 countries. Today 118 countries use some form of social media. Digital divide: in 2014, 40% of national portals allow for flexible font size. An estimated 1.1 billion households worldwide are still not yet connected to the Internet. Only 46 countries have taken the next step and established dedicated Open Government Portals. At the same time, 130 countries publish Gov. expenditures online.

E-Government Development Index (EGDI) Online Service Index OSI Telecommunication Infrastructure Index TII Human Capital Index HCI EGDI RANKING OF UN MEMBER STATES The EGDI rates the e-government performance of countries relative to one another, it is NOT an absolute measurement. 16

Online Service Index (OSI) The Online Service Index is based upon a four-stage model, which builds upon the levels of development of a state s online presence. Emerging Offering basic information on line Enhanced Greater sources, e-tools, e- information, e- services Transactional Two ways interactive applications, financial and non financial transactions Connected WoG, full interoperability, G2G, G2C,C2G 17

E-Participation Index (EPI) The E-participation questions, as part of the e-government questionnaire, extend the dimension of the Survey by emphasizing citizen s participation in public decision making. This questions focus on: E-information: use of the Internet to facilitate provision of information; E-consultation: interaction with stakeholders; E-decision making: engagement in decision making processes. 18

Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII) An average composite of the following indicators estimated internet users per 100 inhabitants number of main fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants number of mobile subscribers per 100 inhabitants number of fixed broadband facilities per 100 inhabitants number of wireless broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants The International Telecommunication Union is the primary source of data in each case. 19

Human Capital Index (HCI) An average composite of four indicators Adult literacy Mean years of schooling Gross enrolment ratio (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) Estimated years of schooling UNESCO is the primary source of data in each case. 20

E-Government Development at a Glance Global and Regional Trends 21

Highlights of 2014 E-government Rankings (EGDI) 2014 Rank Country Region 2014 EGDI 1 Republic of Korea Asia 0.9462 2 Australia Oceania 0.9103 3 Singapore Asia 0.9076 4 France Europe 0.8938 5 Netherlands Europe 0.8897 6 Japan Asia 0.8874 7 United States of America Americas 0.8748 8 United Kingdom Europe 0.8695 9 New Zealand Oceania 0.8644 10 Finland Europe 0.8449 11 Canada Americas 0.8418 12 Spain Europe 0.8410 13 Norway Europe 0.8357 14 Sweden Europe 0.8225 15 Estonia Europe 0.8180 16 Denmark Europe 0.8162 17 Israel Asia 0.8162 18 Bahrain Asia 0.8089 19 Iceland Europe 0.7970 20 Austria Europe 0.7912 21 Germany Europe 0.7864 22 Ireland Europe 0.7810 23 Italy Europe 0.7593 24 Luxembourg Europe 0.7591 25 Belgium Europe 0.7564 World Average 0.4712 1) World e-government Leaders in 2014 The Republic of Korea has retained the top spot in 2014 with its continued leadership and focus in e-government innovation. Australia (2) and Singapore (3) have both increased considerably over their 2012 performance. Europe is the region leading the ranking with 16 countries in the top 25. USA and Canada lead Americas 22

Highlights of 2014 E-government Rankings (EGDI) 2) Trend lines of Regional e-government development, 2003-2014 There remains a wide disparity among regions in their states of e-government development. Africa faces the greatest challenge, the less steep slope shows the slowest progression and underlines its lagging position. 23

SNAPSHOT Africa 2014 Rank Top 15 Leaders Subregional Position Country 2014 EGDI Below World Average 2014 Rank Subregional Position Country 2014 EGDI Regional ranking 2014 75 1 Tunisia 0.5390 76 2 Mauritius 0.5338 80 3 Egypt 0.5129 81 4 Seychelles 0.5113 82 5 Morocco 0.5060 93 6 South Africa 0.4869 112 7 Botswana 0.4198 117 8 Namibia 0.3880 119 9 Kenya 0.3805 121 10 Libya 0.3753 123 11 Ghana 0.3735 125 12 Rwanda 0.3589 126 13 Zimbabwe 0.3585 127 14 Cape Verde 0.3551 131 15 Gabon 0.3294 World Average 0.4712 178 40 Burkina Faso 0.1804 179 41 Liberia 0.1768 180 42 Benin 0.1685 181 43 Mali 0.1634 182 44 Guinea-Bissau 0.1609 183 45 D.R Congo 0.1551 184 46 Djibouti 0.1456 185 47 South Sudan 0.1418 186 48 Sierra Leone 0.1329 187 49 Central African Republic 0.1257 189 50 Chad 0.1076 190 51 Guinea 0.0954 191 52 Niger 0.0946 192 53 Eritrea 0.0908 193 54 Somalia 0.0139 World Average 0.4712 Tunisia climbed several places to the regional top and 75 th global position despite the instabilities of the transitional period in the country. Mauritius and Seychelles remain in the regional top 5. Only six top performing countries (Tunisia, Mauritius, Egypt, Seychelles, Morocco and South Africa) have EGDI values above the world median and are among the top 50% of the world. 24

SNAPSHOT Africa 2) Trend lines of sub-regional e-government development, 2005-2014 Progress in Africa remains slow and uneven. There has not been sufficiently significant progress in e-government development. The regions remain below the world average. Only Northern Africa is showing a positive growth on its index. 25

SNAPSHOT Africa Conclusions and recommendations The telecommunication sector has been an important driver of Africa s economic growth in recent years; General trends in Africa seem to be inclined toward mobile government initiatives and social media strategies; It is important to develop leadership for e-government and invest in capacity development for civil servant s provision of public services Given the fact that the majority of connectivity is taking place in the major capitals cities across the continent, digital divide issues should be addressed by decision makers. 26

SNAPSHOT Americas Top 15 Leaders 2014 Rank Subregional Position 7 1 Country United States of America 2014 EGDI 0.8748 11 2 Canada 0.8418 26 3 Uruguay 0.7420 33 4 Chile 0.7122 46 5 Argentina 0.6306 50 6 Colombia 0.6173 54 7 Costa Rica 0.6061 57 8 Brazil 0.6008 59 9 Barbados 0.5933 60 10 Antigua and Barbuda 0.5927 63 11 Mexico 0.5733 67 12 Venezuela 0.5564 72 13 Peru 0.5435 77 14 Panama 0.5242 2014 Rank Below world average - 15 Member States Subregional Position 103 21 Bolivia Country 104 22 Saint Lucia 107 23 109 24 Jamaica 110 25 Dominica 113 26 114 27 Honduras 115 28 Suriname 116 29 Cuba 2014 EGDI 0.4562 0.4525 Dominican Republic 0.4481 0.4388 0.4338 Saint Vincent & the Grenadines 0.4158 0.4083 0.4045 0.3917 120 30 Belize 0.3774 122 31 Paraguay 124 32 Guyana 0.3740 0.3695 133 33 Guatemala 0.3160 147 34 Nicaragua 0.2759 Regional Ranking 2014 The top performing countries in the Americas region are the United States and Canada, both of which are also among the world leaders. Haiti (176) is almost at the bottom of the global ranking 78 15 Grenada 0.5220 World Average 0.4712 176 35 Haiti 0.1809 World Average 0.4712 27

SNAPSHOT Americas 2) Trend lines of sub-regional e-government development, 2005-2014 The Americas show a gap between North and South. Latin America show a divergence between South & Central and the Caribbean, with the former improving rapidly. The E-Government index is particularly low in Central America, with a lower EGDI than the world average for 2014 28

SNAPSHOT Americas Conclusions and recommendations The region has shown vast improvement in most economic and social indicators, especially South America and the Caribbean. The region now faces the challenge of sustainable growth; The infrastructure gap and broadband quality at the national level constrain access to online services; A gap in complementary assets (IT education or computer literacy) creates deficits in human resources, business management and research & development for the telecom sector; Expansion of digital governance in the region is a key component of the commitment necessary for structural change. 29

SNAPSHOT Asia 2014 Rank Subregional Position 1 1 Top 15 Leaders Country 2014 EGDI Republic of Korea 0.9462 3 2 Singapore 0.9076 6 3 Japan 0.8874 17 4 Israel 0.8162 18 5 Bahrain 0.8089 28 6 Kazakhstan 0.7283 United Arab 32 7 Emirates 0.7136 36 8 Saudi Arabia 0.6900 44 9 Qatar 0.6362 48 10 Oman 0.6273 49 11 Kuwait 0.6268 52 12 Malaysia 0.6115 56 13 Georgia 0.6047 58 14 Cyprus 0.5958 61 15 Armenia 0.5897 World Average 0.4712 Last 15 Member States 2014 Rank Subregional Position Country 175 33 Myanmar 173 34 Afghanistan 165 35 Nepal 161 36 Timor-Leste 2014 EGDI 0.1869 0.1900 0.2344 0.2528 158 37 Pakistan 0.2580 152 38 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.2659 150 39 Yemen 0.2720 149 40 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 0.2753 148 41 Bangladesh 0.2757 143 42 Bhutan 0.2829 139 43 Cambodia 0.2999 Syrian Arab 135 44 Republic 0.3134 134 45 Iraq 0.3141 129 46 Tajikistan 0.3395 128 47 Turkmenistan 0.3511 World Average 0.4712 Regional Ranking 2014 Republic of Korea is leading the world ranking at number one in the 2014 UN e-government Survey, followed by Singapore in the 3rd position in the world. 6 out of the top 10 countries in the Asian region itself are in Western Asia where most of improvements have been witnessed; 2 of the top 10 countries are in Eastern Asia, 1 in South- Eastern Asia, and 1 in Central Asia. 30

SNAPSHOT Asia 2) Trend lines of Sub-Regional e-gov Development, 2005-2014 The EGDI is particularly low in Southern Asia with a negative slope indicating an opposite growth in e-government with respect of the rest of the world. 31

SNAPSHOT Asia Conclusions and recommendations The countries in Asia exhibit varying levels of online presence and development; The decline in ranking in Central Asian countries could be attributed to insufficient development of telecommunication infrastructure; Multi-agency programmes have been widely utilized in the region, allowing faster, easier and more convenient use of available online resources. 32

SNAPSHOT Europe Top 15 Leaders 2014 Rank Subregional Position EU Country 2014 EGDI 4 1 X France 0.8938 5 2 X Netherlands 0.8897 8 3 X United Kingdom 0.8695 10 4 X Finland 0.8449 12 5 X Spain 0.8410 13 6 Norway 0.8357 14 7 X Sweden 0.8225 15 8 X Estonia 0.8180 17 9 X Denmark 0.8162 19 10 X Iceland 0.7970 20 11 X Austria 0.7912 21 12 X Germany 0.7864 22 13 X Ireland 0.7810 23 14 X Italy 0.7593 24 15 X Luxembour g 0.7591 World Average 0.4712 2014 Rank Last 15 Member States Subregional Position EU Country 2014 EGDI 43 29 Andorra 0.6426 45 30 Montenegro 0.6346 47 31 X Croatia 0.6282 51 32 X Slovakia 0.6148 53 33 X Czech Republic 0.6070 55 34 Belarus 0.6053 62 35 San Marino 0.5823 64 36 X Romania 0.5632 66 37 Republic of Moldova 0.5571 69 38 Serbia 0.5472 73 39 X Bulgaria 0.5421 84 40 Albania 0.5046 87 41 Ukraine 0.5032 96 42 97 43 F.Y.R Macedonia Bosnia & Herzegovina 0.4720 0.4707 World Average 0.4712 1) Regional ranking 2014 Europe continues to be the global leader in e-government development with four European countries are in the top ten. All European countries appear on the top 50 ranking for 2014. The European Union countries rank high in the e- Government Development Index with 15 EU countries being in the global top 30. 33

SNAPSHOT Europe 2) Trend lines of sub-regional e-gov development 2005-2014 The concerted and holistic efforts of Europe at both regional and national levels have helped to consolidate the position of Europe as the global leader in e-government. All sub-regions have increased their indexes and are above the world average. 34

SNAPSHOT Europe 3) Conclusions and recommendations Europe continues to be the global leader in e-government development; The ongoing financial crisis, low growth, unemployment and aging population has lead Europe to seek innovative solutions in order to remain competitive, restore growth and to be able to continue to offer a wide-range of public services; Europe should continue its efforts in user-centric online services, while ensuring that those who cannot use them are not excluded. 35

SNAPSHOT Oceania 2014 Rank Subregional Position Country 2014 EGDI 2 1 Australia 0.9103 9 2 New Zealand 0.8644 85 3 Fiji 0.5044 98 4 Tonga 0.4706 108 5 Palau 0.4415 111 6 Samoa 0.4204 130 7 Micronesia (Federated States of) 0.3337 134 8 Kiribati 0.3201 137 9 Tuvalu 0.3059 142 10 Marshall Islands 0.2851 145 11 Nauru 0.2776 159 12 Vanuatu 0.2571 170 13 Solomon Islands 0.2087 188 14 Papua New Guinea 0.1203 World Average 0.4712 Regional ranking 2014 Australia and New Zealand still lead the region with high EGDI scores of 0.9103 and 0.8644 respectively. The majority of other countries in the region, with the exception of Fiji and Tonga, are in the range of 108 th (Palau) to 188 th (Papua New Guinea) in global ranking. 36

SNAPSHOT Oceania Trend lines of sub-regional e-government development, 2005-2014 Australia and New Zealand have a strong advance with respect to the region. They also are economically advanced; whereas the rest of the islands in the region have smaller economies, populations, and land mass; and thus have fewer resources. Polynesia and Micronesia are growing fast (steep line), leaving Melanesia in the last position. 37

SNAPSHOT Oceania Conclusions and recommendations The countries in Oceania show varying levels of online presence and development The decline in ranking in Melanesia countries could be attributed to relative higher attention and investments on e-government in other islands in the sub-region 38

Conclusion Building national and local capacity in a holistic and integrated manner is central to addressing the multi-facted, highly complex and interdependent challenges our societies face today. To improve e-government, the survey suggests countries establish a clear national vision, supported by committed leadership, appropriate policies and collaborative governance frameworks, and greater investment in telecommunication infrastructure, human capital and provision of online services. 39

Conclusion UNDESA will capture the main findings of this workshop by developing an online training for the benefit of Member States who could not attend this event. In addition, UNDESA stands ready to provide capacity-building support, upon request from Member States, either by facilitating further knowledge exchanges, trainings, study tours, or advisory services. 40

THANK YOU alberti@un.org rabinovitch@un.org Part 2-41