International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2015 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 9 (3): 308-313 Science Explorer Publications Effect of cow manure and nitrogen fertilizer on canola in Gorgan area Ali Farzbod 1, Abolfazl Faraji* 2, Mohamad Reza Dadashi 3 1. Graduate student. Department of Agricultural Science. Gorgan branch. Islamic Azad University. Gorgan. Iran. 2.Associated Professor, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Golestan. 3. Department of Agricultural Science. Gorgan branch. Islamic Azad University. Gorgan. Iran. *Corresponding Author email: Abolfazlfaraji@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of combined nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure on yield and yield components of canola, this study was conducted in 2013-2014 with four replications. 10 treatments (1. 100% of nitrogen based on soil test, 2 6. Add 50% nitrogen and 30 tons of manure per hectare, 7. 75% of nitrogen plus 10 tons of manure per hectare, 8. 75% of nitrogen plus 20 tons of manure per hectare, 9. 75% of nitrogen plus 30 tons of manure per hectare and 10 consume 30 tons of manure per hectare) were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance showed that the treatments had some effects on number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed weight, seed yield, dry weight of stem elongation and physiological maturity and harvest index at probability of 1%. The highest Seed yield was obtained with the weight of 3098 kg per hectare and 50% using Nitrogen with 30 tons of manure per hectare. In addition, the maximum rate of harvest with 2.24% was obtained by 75% Nitrogen plus 30 tons of manure. Therefore, based on the obtained results of the current study, use of chemical fertilizer of Nitrogen and organic fertilizer seems necessary to get a proper yield in Canola. The results of this study can be suggested after doing complementary experiments. Key words: Canola, Cow manure, Nitrogen fertilizers, Organic farming. INTRODUCTION Oilseeds are the world's second food supply after Seeds. These products also contain rich deposits of fatty acids and contain protein. At the present the per capita consumption oral oil in the country is estimated to be 17 kg. Therefore, the population needs to be about a million and one hundred thousand tons of oil per year. Importing more than 85 percent of the oil consumed in the country is necessary to bring attention to the new oilseeds. Canola is from the family of Cruciferae with the scientific name of Brassica napus, is one of the most important oil seeds in the world with lower than two percent acid Erotic in oil and 30 micromoles glucosinolate in each gram of dry meal under favorable conditions. (Azizi et al., 2009). Fertilization is one of the most important managements of agriculture which has significant effects on quantitative and qualitative increasing of agricultural plants. One of the aspects of sustainable agriculture to improve and maintain soil fertility and quality skins, through the use of organic fertilizers and fertilizer consumption balancing and consumption the product is developed. Sustainable use of organic fertilizers in agriculture is a priority, because chemical fertilizers have several disadvantages. Since the supply of fossil energy and mineral fertilizers are used which are both non-renewable resources for sustainable agriculture should be consumed this type of fertilizers to reduce (Pimentel et al, 1990). The use of animal manures in addition to nutritional properties and improves product quality, increases organic matter minerals, and helps improve soil structure and optimum yield. In many systems of sustainable agriculture, compost and organic fertilizers should be used to improve soil fertility and plant pests and diseases prevention and control (Barker and Bryson, 2008). Use of renewable sources of plant and animal life instead of chemical resources can play an important role in maintaining fertility and soil biological activities, improve the quality of agricultural production and make ecosystem healthy (Zaidi et al., 2003). Nitrogen is the most important limiting factor for plant growth (Caro and Almvryd, 2009). Addition of nitrogen to organic and inorganic form has been recognized for a long time as the key is to improve crop yield. Globally nitrogen fertilizer is extensively used for Seed production and has increased in per capita food production by 40 percent over the last 50 years.
Studying on the effect of nitrogen on canola yield, Jackson (2004) concluded that with 180 to 220 kg nitrogen per hectare yield of canola has been obtained from 56.2 to 70.2 tons per hectare. He said that up to 7-8 kg N of canola is required per each kg of Seed. Other studies show that, in general, of approximately 90 to 220 kg N hectare irrigated agriculture canola per hectare in 50 to 100 kg N hectare of rain-fed agriculture. In this research effect concomitant use of animal manure and nitrogen with different ratio canola agriculture has been evaluated and this study attempts to evaluate the effect of increasing the use of animal manure and nitrogen to the crop canola professionalism. Reviewing and evaluating the concomitant use of animal manure and nitrogen and its effects on yield and yield components of this experiment are the important purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current experiment was done in the year 2013-14 Agricultural Experiment Station in Jelin with latitude 36 degrees north and longitude 85 degrees 54 degrees 53 minutes east and height of 5.25 meters above sea level at a distance of 5 km from the city of Gorgan and mean annual precipitation of 550 millimeters was performed. The climate is hot and humid areas by dividing evenly. The experimental design was randomized complete block with four replications. The treatments were as follows: 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer based on soil the test results 75% of nitrogen based on soil the test results 50% of nitrogen based on soil the test results 50% of nitrogen and 10 tons organic fertilizer per hectare consumption 50% of nitrogen and 20 tons organic fertilizer per hectare consumption 50% of nitrogen and 30 tons organic fertilizer per hectare consumption 75% nitrogen and 10 tons organic fertilizer per hectare consumption 75% nitrogen and 20 tons organic fertilizer per hectare consumption 75% nitrogen and 30 tons organic fertilizer per hectare consumption 30 tons organic fertilizer per hectare consumption Every plot consisted of six rows of length 5 meters. Two-side rows with 50 centimeters from the beginning and end of a line has been considered as the margin. And the second row sample during the season and the fourth and fifth row for yield and yield components were used. The number of experimental units was totally 40 plots and 4 replications. Before treatment and tillage composite sample is taken from a depth of 0 to 30 centimeters from field soil. Physical and chemical analyses will be done on that. In early November for tillage including plowing Disc lie in the convention area and the different treatments chemical fertilizers and cow manure applied in plots and finally by the cramp was mixed with soil to a depth of 15 cm. 10 plants were randomly selected from every plot at stage of physiological maturity, and pod-by per plant and number of seeds per pod was calculated. After the deleting half-meters to determine the Seed yield of the parties to the fourth and fifth planting, harvesting, according to 95 % of the of Pods was Browns and after harvest Seed yield kg hectare became Measures units. The data from SAS computer program were used for statistical analysis. Duncan earned Measure multiple comparisons and the test was performed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Plant height Plant height under the different fertilizer treatments showed significant differences in the level of one percent. Treatment with 100 percent urea consumption has the highest altitude with maximum height of 124 centimeters (Fig. 1). Treatment with 30 tons of cow manure and chemical fertilizer consumption by 75%, which is 122 centimeters in both groups A. The lowest height of the treatment of 50 percent the urea and 10 tons of cow manure is 108.8 centimeters. The results indicate that increased consumption of urea fertilizer has increased the height. The results show that increased consumption of urea fertilizer has increased the height. Also consumption of organic fertilizer treatments could compensate reducing the consumption of nitrogen, and increase their height compared to other treatments that increase the amount of cow manure. Karimi and Farhadi (2009) in a research on the wax bean plant Khomein showed that the use of animal manure with Super Absorb compared to control sample, has significant effects on plant height and might also increase the number of sub-branches. 309
Figure 1. The effect of fertilizer treatments on plant height. The number of pods per plant Number of pods per plant was placed under different fertilizer treatments and was significant at the one percent level (Fig. 2). According to the results comparison of obtained data determined that the average number of pods per plant, respectively 75% chemical fertilizer use in treatments together with 30 tons of Manure. The results show that the use of chemical fertilizer increased the number of pods per plant and also increased use of chemical fertilizer also had significant effects on the number of pods per plant. Figure 2. The effect of fertilizer treatments on number of pods per plant. The number of seeds per pod Results of analysis variance showed that the number of seeds per pod were different treatments caused significant differences in the level of one percent. The results of comparing showed that the mean number of seeds per pod in the treatment of urea and 75% of samples was observed in 30 tons manure (Fig. 3). The lowest number of seeds per pod in the treatment of 75% of with urea and 30 tons of manure treatment, number of seeds per pod was observed. The results show that consumption nitrogen together with manure treatments significantly increase the number of seeds per pod compared to urea alone consumption or consumption the manure. Therefore it seems that the positive role of manure to improve soil structure and retain moisture and nutrient elements make available increased the number of seeds per pod. It increased number of seeds per pod in the plants in which appropriate amount of nitrogen was available to plots. 310
Figure 3. The effect of fertilizer treatments on number of seeds per pod. 1000-Seed weight The results showed that the highest mean average seed was obtained in weight of 75 percent urea treatment together with 30 tons of manure consumption rates 4.17 g (Fig. 4). The results showed that increased consumption of urea fertilizer and cow manure caused an increase in Seed weight. The combined uses of Fym manure and nitrogen treatments which have had a higher mean Seed weight were obtained. Lowest amount of 50 percent with urea treatment Seed weight And 10 tons of Fym manure and After that treatment with 3.6 grams was obtained 30 g of manure was 3.62 Which show that that the decrease or avoiding the use of nitrogen decreased Seed weight were And the consumption of Fym manure alone is not the answer the needs. Research results Aram et al., (2010) showed that the maximum weight of sweet corn using 60 tons of manure obtained, with increasing amounts of livestock manure increased Seed weight and minimum value of the control (avoiding the use of manure) that was. Ahmadian and Ghanbari (2004) investigate the effect of live stock manure on the quantity and quality of green cumin, no significant differences observed between the different treatments Seed weight. Figure 4. The effect of fertilizer treatments on 1000-seed weight. Seed yield Fertilizer treatments had significant effects on seed yield. Treatment of 50 percent chemical fertilizer together with 30 tons of Fym manure to 3098 kg per hectare achieved the highest yield and after that treatment 75% of urea fertilizer together with 30 tons of Fym manure and treatment consumption 100 percent urea are ranked respectively, in 2985 and 2905 kg respectively (Fig. 5). 311
Figure 5. The effect of fertilizer treatments on seed yield. Lowest amount yield was obtained in 50% of urea fertilizer treatments with 10 tons Fym manure and Fym manure 30 tons respectively in 2051 and 2195 kg hectare functions are observed. The obtained results show that consumption chemical fertilizer caused a decrease in Seed yield. The results show that the increased consumption Fym manure has a great impact on maintaining and increasing performance. In the treatments that consumption of urea fertilizer is reduced and Fym manure consumption is increased, Seed yield was increased and consumption of urea fertilizer was compensated. With respect to the role of animal manure to improve soil texture seems Increased consumption animal manure to improve soil conditions to maintain moisture and caused an increase in plant availability Substances and nutrient elements were increased and thus the Seed yield. The dry weight of shoots treatments was measured. At all stages of treatments there were significant effects on dry weight. The results showed that consumption 100% and 75% of urea produced the highest dry weight. Treatments consumption about 75% of with urea together with 30 tons of animal manure 12025 kg of dry matter per hectare, and after that treatments together with 30 tons of livestock manure nitrogen consumption by 50% by dry weight of 11598 kg per hectare were the maximum dry weight, respectively. Lowest dry weight was for 30 tons of livestock manure treatments with 9928 kg ha professionalism. CONCLUSIONS Organic fertilizers are widespread for using in stable agriculture to improve growth and products quality due to characteristics such as high porosity, absorption and storage of mineral elements and their gradual liberalization and the high water-holding capacity and water-holding capacity. The results indicated that cow manure is a good alternative to chemical fertilizers and can have significant effects on yield. Animal manure beneficial effects on soil physical properties such as increased permeability, specific weight loss, strength gain, water retention, and increased microbial improvement activities in the soil of nutrients. In this experiment, treatment together with 30 tons of animal manure chemical fertilizer consumption by 50% by 3098 kg per hectare, the highest yield was obtained. Lowest amount Seed yield of 50% nitrogen together with 10 tons of animal manure were observed. The results showed that increased consumption animal manure has a great influence in maintaining and increasing the Seed canola yield. REFERENCES Ahmadian A, Ghanbari MG. 2004. Effect of livestock manure on yield, yield components and quality green cumin medicinal plant. Conference abstracts medicinal plants. Tehran University. Aram N, Faramarzi S, Manouchehri M. 2010. Effect of animal manure and planting date on yield of sweet corn in the Maine of Agricultural Science Journal of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. 12: 1-11. Arancon N, Edwards CA, Bierman P, Welch C, Metzger JD. 2004. Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource Technology. 93: 145-153. Azizi M, Soltani A, Khorasanikhavari S. 1999. The canola, physiology, agronomy, breeding, bio technology. Jihad, Mashhad University Publication. Barker AV, Bryson GM. 2008. Comparisons of Vermicomposts on field strawberrirs: Effects on growth and yield. Bioresource Technology. 93: 145-153. 312
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