FACTORING GOVERNANCE & FOREST DEPENDENT POOR INTO CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIVITIES Developing National Action Plans to improve forest governance and combat illegal logging Tuukka Castrén, Nalin M. Kishor, Peter Dewees SDN forests team 3/4/229
Structure Setting the stage (Tuukka Castrén) National plan process and structure (Nalin Kishor) How it was done in Armenia (Peter Dewees) 3
Forest governance and climate change Climate change can be addressed from mitigation and adaptation perspectives In mitigation forests provide many services ARR REDD Wood products To put it simply: REDD is about sustainable management of the resource Mitigation is one of environmental services (externalities) forests provide 4
Corruption and Illegal Logging in the Forest Sector Corruption in the forest sector is globally pervasive Has many forms Criminal: illegal logging, smuggling, extortion Legal but corrupt: state capture, institutional erosion, rent seizing Some activities technically illegal but support subsistance Scale is vast but quantitative estimates remain elusive: Illegal logging (roundwood)on public lands estimated at >$10bn per annum Illegal roundwood trade estimated at >$1.2bn per annum 5
Costs of poor forest governance Livelihood losses to forest dependent communities Environmental losses local and global (climate change and biodiversity loss) Fiscal losses to the state from lost royalties Spread of crime and corruption to other sectors (corruption contagion) Undermining institutions (with growth implications) Undermining legitimate forest enterprises 6
Response Culture of legality Correcting incentives Enforcement Prevention Detection Suppression 7
National Action Plans Planners vs. Searchers William Easterly Why plans when action is needed? 8
Proliferation of activities ITTO TRAFFIC UNODC ASEAN WEN EU FLEGT CITES/UNEP FAO Tranparency International World Bank VERIFOR 9
Role of national action plans Identify priorities Help to address real drivers of illegality Help to balance social and enforcement responses Involve all key stakeholders Building on searchers work provide a framework for a transitional change by planners Enables measuring progress and impacts 10
Regional Ministerial FLEG initiatives Seek to create the political space and technical means for governments to address illegal logging. Co organized by both producer and consumer countries, recognizing a shared responsibility to address a common problem. In partnership with major stakeholders from civil society and the private sector. Region Declaration Partner Institution East Asia Bali, 2001 ASEAN Africa Europe and North Asia Yaounde, 2003 St. Petersburg, 2005 COMIFAC, EAC MCPFE They seek strong alignment with existing regional institutions. Latin America In progress OTCA, CCAD 11
ENAFLEG Ministerial Process: Indicative List of Actions for the Implementation of the St. Petersburg Declaration At the national level within the ENA region: Formulate and implement, in a reasonable time frame, a national plan of actions that is integrated in the national forest policy framework and comprises clearly defined targets, activities and indicators of success to address the issues identified in the Declaration 12
Organization of the Guideline The guideline provides advise on formulating and implementing National Action Plans to control illegal logging and other forest crimes. It is organized into three focal areas: Designing the contents of the Action Plan, Managing the formulation process of the Action Plan, Establishing arrangements to implement the Action Plan. 13
Designing the contents of the Action Plan Context Scope (of illegal activities to be targeted) Identification of underlying drivers Priority actions (prevention, detection, suppression) Resources/Resource mobilization 14
Manage the formulation process of the Action Plan Political Process Technical Process Multistakeholder involvement and ownership 15
Establishing arrangements to implement the Action Plan Organization (coordination unit and a forum for stakeholder participation) Monitoring progress and feedback through indicators 16
FLEG related knowledge products www.worldbank.org/fleg 17