LEED of the Knight Management Center Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources
Energy & Atmosphere: 17 possible points LEED-NC Scorecard LEED for New Construction v2.2 Registered Project Checklist Project Name: Stanford GSB: Knight Management Center Project Address: Stanford, CA Energy & Atmosphere 17 Points Y Prereq 1 Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems Required Y Prereq 2 Minimum Energy Performance Required Y Prereq 3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management Required 7 Credit 1 Optimize Energy Performance 1 to 10 1 10.5% New Buildings or 3.5% Existing Building Renovations 1 1 14% New Buildings or 7% Existing Building Renovations 2 1 17.5% New Buildings or 10.5% Existing Building Renovations 3 1 21% New Buildings or 14% Existing Building Renovations 4 1 24.5% New Buildings or 17.5% Existing Building Renovations 5 1 28% New Buildings or 21% Existing Building Renovations 6 1 31.5% New Buildings or 24.5% Existing Building Renovations 7 0 35% New Buildings or 28% Existing Building Renovations 8 0 38.5% New Buildings or 31.5% Existing Building Renovations 9 0 42% New Buildings or 35% Existing Building Renovations 10 2 Credit 2 On-Site Renewable Energy 1 to 3 1 2.5% Renewable Energy 1 1 7.5% Renewable Energy 2 0 12.5% Renewable Energy 3 1 Credit 3 Enhanced Commissioning 1 1 Credit 4 Enhanced Refrigerant Management 1 1 Credit 5 Measurement & Verification 1 0 Credit 6 Green Power 1
E&A Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance Prerequisite Intent Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building and systems. This prerequisite must be achieved to receive LEED-NC certification, therefore it is pursued. Both Stanford and Arup seem determined in achieving this prerequisite so this prerequisite should be attainable. According to Stanford s Sustainable Guidelines the goals of every project is to Reduce total building energy consumption and peak electrical demand. This is done by a) reducing loads by optimizing building envelope thermal performance and provides daylighting integrated with electric lightning controls and b) designing efficient systems by providing efficient electric lighting systems and controls, maximizing mechanical system performance and using efficient equipment and appliances. 1 According to Arup s mechanical narrative the mechanical systems are intended to consume the lowest possible energy. To achieve the lowest possible energy the following 5 key concepts are part of the design: 1) Reduced Load 2) Passive System Application 3) Efficient and Flexible Active System Application 4) Energy Recovery 5) Site Energy Production. 2 Figure 3: Arup is considering several ways for energy performance Figure retrieved from Arup s in class presentation 1 Stanford Sustainable Guidelines 2 ARUP, Pre-SD Mechanical Narrative, 4/30/07
E&A Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management Prerequisite Intent Reduce ozone depletion This prerequisite must be achieved to receive LEED-NC certification, therefore it is pursued. Figure 4: CFC-based refrigerants are bad for the ozone Figure retrieved from: http://www.eduspace.esa.int/subdocument/images/ozone_gen.jpg Every project on Stanford s campus needs to fulfill this requirement according to Stanford Sustainable Guidelines: Use zero CFC-based refrigerants in HVAC and refrigeration equipment. 3 According to Arup s mechanical narrative the HVAC system will be designed according to Stanford Sustainable Guidelines so no CFC-based refrigerants will be used. 3 Stanford Sustainable Guidelines
E&A Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance Credit Intent Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above the baseline in the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use. This credit can at most give 10 valuable points and all points should be pursued. With the lessons learned from Stanford E&E, the careful consideration that is being done to reduce loads, recover energy and passive and active energy strategies and the goal of this project to receive LEED Platinum a 42% reduction of the baseline energy performance should easily be obtainable. 42% baseline energy reduction is the minimum percentage reduction to achieve all 10 points of this credit. There are three different paths available to achieve these points but in the case of the Knight Management Center only one is really viable. The path that needs to be taken is to simulate the whole building energy performance and demonstrate a percentage improvement in the proposed building performance compared to the baseline performance. Since a whole building energy performance analysis has not been performed the points that can be given to the project at this point in time have to be based on the information available. Arup has listed many goals in its mechanical narrative where they state that the goal is to consume the lowest possible energy. 4 The goals listed by Arup are the following: 1) Reduced Load Improved Glazing Improved Opaque Envelope Reduced Equipment Energy Density Reduced Lighting Energy Density 2) Passive System Application Natural Ventilation External Shading Elements Internal Light Shelves Activated Thermal Mass 4 ARUP, Pre-SD Mechanical Narrative, 4/30/07
E&A Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance 3) Efficient and Flexible Active System Application Displacement Air Hydronic Radiant Ceiling Panels (Chilled Ceilings) Perimeter Baseboard Hydronic Heating Indirect Evaporative Cooling 4) Energy Recovery Heat Recovery Mixed Air System 5) Site Energy Production. Photovoltaics Based on the narrative the GSB will be assumed to be able to achieve 33% reduction in baseline energy performance which will give 7 points. The 3 remaining points are very possible achievable but until a more detailed analysis has been performed we will hold back on awarding the GSB those 3 points. Figure 5: Sustainability considerations for the GSB Figure retrieved from Arup s in class presentation.
Materials & Resources: 13 possible points LEED-NC Scorecard LEED for New Construction v2.2 Registered Project Checklist Project Name: Stanford GSB: Knight Management Center Project Address: Stanford, CA Yes? No Materials & Resources 13 Points Y Prereq 1 Storage & Collection of Recyclables Required 1 Credit 1.1 Building Reuse, Maintain 75% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 1 1 Credit 1.2 Building Reuse, Maintain 95% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 1 1 Credit 1.3 Building Reuse, Maintain 50% of Interior Non-Structural Elements 1 1 Credit 2.1 Construction Waste Management, Divert 50% from Disposal 1 1 Credit 2.2 Construction Waste Management, Divert 75% from Disposal 1 1 Credit 3.1 Materials Reuse, 5% 1 1 Credit 3.2 Materials Reuse,10% 1 1 Credit 4.1 Recycled Content, 10% (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer) 1 1 Credit 4.2 Recycled Content, 20% (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer) 1 1 Credit 5.1 Regional Materials, 10% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally 1 1 Credit 5.2 Regional Materials, 20% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally 1 1 Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1 1 Credit 7 Certified Wood 1
M&R Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite Intent Facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills. This prerequisite must be achieved to receive LEED-NC certification, therefore it is pursued. This prerequisite should be easy to fulfill. An easily accessible area that serves the entire building and collects materials for recycling need to be present and that is always the case for Stanford s campus buildings. Figure 1: Trash and Recycle Bins in GSB. Photo by Victor K Victorsson, 4/20/07 This prerequisite will be met by following Stanford s own Sustainability Guidelines. Stanford works with the Peninsula Sanitary Service, Inc (PSSI) and PSSI provide garbage and recycling to the campus. The following is from Stanford s Facilities and Operations webpage: PSSI provides garbage and recycling services to the Stanford Campus. Recycling bins are usually located inside the buildings near high generating areas. 5 Figure 2: Trash and Recycle Bins outside current GSB Photo by Victor K Victorsson, 4/20/07 5 Stanford Facilities and Operations: (http://recycling.stanford.edu/acadbuild/index.html)
M&R Credit 1.1: Building Reuse: Maintain 75% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roofs Credit Intent Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport This credit aims to reduce landfill waste due to building demolition. The Knight Management Center will be built on a site that already has an existing building on it and will be demolished. Therefore this credit will be hard for the GSB to achieve. Figure 3: Existing Serra Buildings 651 and 655, with possibly reusable clay tile roofing, as seen from Hoover Tower. Photo by John Millea, 5/14/07. According to Arup s civil narrative the existing building on the site will be demolished. They will stockpile material for reuse or recycling. According to the New GSB Outline Specs Summary from Arup a 75% by weight of construction, demolition and land clearing waste is proposed to be salvaged or recycled. Since the total percentage of the proposed material to be salvaged or recycled just reaches 75% it is unlikely that the 75% building reuse credit can be fulfilled. 6 Therefore, no point will be awarded for this credit. 6 Arup, New GSB Outline Specs Summary, 5/2/2007
M&R Credit 2.1: Construction Waste Management: Divert 50% from Disposal Credit Intent Divert construction, demolition and land-clearing debris from disposal in landfills and incinerators. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites. This credit aims to reduce landfill waste due to building demolition. The Knight Management Center will be built on a site that already has an existing building on it and has to be demolished. Therefore this credit will be hard for the GSB to achieve but Arup wants to achieve an exemplary recycling effort and should be able to fulfill the requirements of this credit. According to Arup s civil narrative the existing building on the site will be demolished. 7 They will stockpile material for reuse or recycling. According to the New GSB Outline Specs Summary from Arup a 75% by weight of construction, demolition and land clearing waste is proposed to be salvaged or recycled. 8 To fulfill the requirement for this credit 50% needs to be diverted from disposal so they are well above that level According to the presentation by Lauren Goldstein and Kathleen Kavanaugh, a 96% of material was salvaged during the demolition of the Encina Gym so Stanford does have an example of a great effort when it comes to salvaging materials. The materials were then either reused or recycled. 9 Figure 4: Great recycling was achieved in the demo of Encina Gym Figure retrieved from the presentation by Goldstein and Kavanaugh Therefore one point will be awarded to the GSB for this credit. 7 ARUP, Pre-SD Civil Narrative, 4/30/07 8 Arup, New GSB Outline Specs Summary, 5/2/2007 9 Presentation in class by Laura Goldstein and Kathleen Kavanaugh, 5/2/2007
M&R Credit 4.1: Recycled Content, 10% Credit Intent Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, thereby reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials. This credit should be pursued. Materials that fulfill this requirement include steel, gypsum board, ceiling tile, OSB, insulation, carpet, etc. Figure 6: Gypsum will be used in the new GSB Figure retrieved from: http://www.made-in-china.com/ No numbers have been published to demonstrate the percentage of recycled content but the above grade buildings are expected to be steel frame structures and the goal is that the steel will typically have high recycled content. Also, according to the New GSB Outline Specs Summary from Arup most interior partitions in the building will be painted gypsum drywall on steel stud framing; lay-in 2x2 acoustic tile ceilings will be typical for most spaces in the building and carpet will be used in selected areas. 10 Therefore we consider it highly likely that this credit will be fulfilled and award one point for this credit. 10 Arup, New GSB Outline Specs Summary, 5/2/2007
M&R Credit 4.2: Recycled Content, 20% Credit Intent Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, thereby reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials. This credit is an extension of credit 4.2 and should be pursued. Materials that fulfill this requirement include steel, gypsum board, ceiling tile, OSB, insulation, carpet, etc. Just as before, no numbers have been published to demonstrate the percentage of recycled content but due to the GSB s intent on going LEED platinum, the materials that have already been chosen to be part of the buildings and were partially described in credit 4.1. We consider it highly likely that this credit will be fulfilled and award one point for this credit. Figure 7: Recycling is an integral part of steelmaking Photo retrieved from: http://www.math.buffalo.edu/images/newmth_north_west.jpg
M&R Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials Credit Intent Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long-cycle renewable materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials. This credit should be pursued. To fulfill the requirements of this credit the use of rapidly renewable building materials and products for 2.5% of the total value of all building materials and products need to used in the project, based on cost. Rapidly renewable building materials and products are defined as materials or products made from plants that are typically harvested within a ten year cycle or shorter period. Materials that fall in this category are i.e. materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation, agrifiber, linoleum, wheatboard, strawboard and cork. According to New GSB Outline Specs Summary, Arup is considering on using renewable products from FCS sources such as bamboo flooring and they should go ahead with that plan and qualify for this credit. 11 One point is awarded for this credit. Figure 8: Bamboo flooring is still under consideration 11 Arup, New GSB Outline Specs Summary, 5/2/2007