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DO NOT OPEN UNTIL TOLD TO START BIO 312, Section 1, Spring 2011 February 21, 2011 Exam 1 Name (print neatly) Instructor 7 digit student ID INSTRUCTIONS: 1. There are 11 pages to the exam. Make sure you have all of the pages. 2. The test is divided into a scantron portion and a short answer portion. Please complete both sections. There are 40 scantron questions. Questions 41-45 are to be solved on your exam copy. 3. Each question is worth 2 points, for 90 points total. Your score will be based on 85 points. 4. Be sure to provide your student information above and on the scantron. 5. Make all of your answers clear. 6. If you don t understand what is being asked, raise your hand and ask for help. 7. You have 50 minutes to complete the exam. 1

Scantron portion: questions 1 40. 1. Fill in your scantron with your complete name. 2. For each problem #, to get credit you must fill in the appropriate circle on your scantron using a number 2 pencil. 3. You may write on your exam copy (not the scantron) if it helps. 4. When done, turn in to the instructor BOTH your scantron and exam copy. For problems #1 10 the correct answer for each statement is either TRUE or FALSE. For a TRUE answer fill in the circle underneath the letter A. Foor a FALSE answer fill in the circle underneath the letter B. 1. Forward genetics analysis is the process of genetic investigation that begins with crosses of individuals that exhibit two distinct phenotypes, to reveal the inheritance pattern for the variable phenotype and ultimately to find the variable gene. True 2. All eukaryotes are diploid. False 3. An important function of chromatin is to compact nuclear DNA into a smaller volume. True 4. Crossing a pure line pea plant with Yellow seeds to a second pure line pea plant with Green seeds produces F1 progeny where ¾ have Yellow seeds and ¼ have Green seeds. False 5. During meiosis, crossing over occurs before DNA replication. False 6. Tests of linkage from multiple pedigrees with the same disease trait can be combined together using LOD score analysis, in order to get a better determination of linkage. True 7. Regarding sex chromosomes, for humans females are the homogametic sex. True, females are XX (homogametic) 8. Molecular markers can be used to test for linkage. True 9. Plasmids are a type of virus that infect bacterial cells. False 10. Bernard Davis experiment using the U-tube showed that auxotrophic bacterial strains do not need physical contact in order to make prototrophic cells. False 2

For questions 11and 12 the correct answer is one of the following choices. The same choice may or may not be used more than once. A. northern Blot B. electrophoresis C. Southern blot D. western blot E. fluorescence in situ hybridization 11. Technique that separates molecules through a matrix using electromotive force. B 12. Technique that uses a labeled DNA probe to identify a specific piece of DNA out of a complex mixture of DNA. C 13. Two brown hamsters were mated over several years producing 61 brown and 19 white colored hamsters. Assuming single gene inheritance, what are the genotypes for the mated hamsters using B for the brown gene allele and W for the white gene allele? A. B/W and B/W B. B/B and B/W C. B/W and W/W D. W/W and W/W 14. Beans are a diploid plant species with a 2n = 22. If you fractionated genomic bean DNA using pulse field electrophoresis, how may distinct bands would be visible? A. 11 B. 22 C. 33 D. 44 E. 88 For questions 15 17 the correct answer is one of the following choices. The same choice may or may not be used more than once. A. conjugation B. prototrophic C. transduction D. transformation E. auxotrophic 15. The process whereby a donor bacterial cell transfers DNA (genetic material) to a recipient bacterial cell through physical contact is referred to as. A. 16. An bacterial cell has a particular gene(s) mutated. As a result, in order to grow the food source needs to provide the cellular building block(s) that is/are not produced by the cell due to the gene mutation(s). E. 17. The process where a bacteriophage picks up a gene or piece of DNA from a bacteria host cell and transfers it to a second bacterial cell is referred to as. C. 3

For questions 18 20, choose the inheritance pattern from the below lists that best fits the given pedigree. Answers can be used more than once. A. Autosomal Dominant B. X-linked Dominant C. Cytoplasmic Inheritance D. Autosomal Recessive E. X-linked Recessive 18. 19. A, Autosomal Dominant D. Autosomal recessive 20. C. Cytoplasmic Inheritance For questions 21 23 the correct answer is one of the following choices. The same choice may or may not be used more than once. A. R-plasmid B. Pili C. Hfr D. F+ E. Lysogen 21. A strain of bacteria that generates recombinant bacteria at a high rate due to the integration of the fertility factor into its chromosome. C. 4

22. This type of bacteria strain always converts formerly non-fertile bacteria to become fertile. D. 23. Responsible for transferring multiple antibiotic drug resistance to formerly nonresistant bacterial strains and species. A. For questions 24 26, choose the inheritance pattern from the below lists that best fits the given pedigree. Answers can be used more than once. A. Autosomal Polymorphism B. X-linked Dominant C. Cytoplasmic Inheritance D. Y-linked Dominant E. X-linked Recessive 24. E. X-linked recessive 25. D. Y-linked Dominant 5

26. A. Autosomal polymorphism 27. For the pedigree below, a family has individuals affected with a rare disease. What is the probability that the first born child of individuals III-1 and III-6 is affected with the rare disease? A. 0 B. 1/2 C. 1/4 D. 1/8 E. 1/16 28. Which one of the following items is not one of the four properties of hereditary information? A. Diversity of structure B. Ability to replicate C. Translation D. Mutability E. Permanence 6

29-33. In tomatoes, two alleles of a gene determine the character difference of Red (allele R) and Yellow (allele Y) fruits, and two alleles of second independently assorting gene determine bacterial blight Insensitive (allele I) versus bacterial blight Sensitive (allele S). For four crosses of parental plants, the numbers of progeny with phenotype were: Parental Number of progeny with phenotype Cross phenotypes R, I R, S Y, I Y, S 1 Y, S X Y, I 50 150 350 250 2 R, I X Y, S 0 301 0 299 3 Y, S X Y, S 50 150 150 450 4 R, S X Y, S 0 0 203 602 29. For the fruit color gene, which allele is dominant? A. allele R B. allele Y 30. For the bacterial blight gene, which allele is dominant? A. allele I B. allele S 31. From left to right, what are the genotypes for the cross 1 parents? A. Y/R ; S/I X Y/R ; S/I B. Y/R ; S/I X Y/Y ; S/I C. Y/Y ; I/I X Y/R ; S/I D. Y/R ; S/I X Y/R ; I/I E. Y/Y ; S/I X Y/R ; I/I 32. From left to right, what are the genotypes for the cross 2 parents? A. R/R ; S/I X Y/R ; S/I B. Y/R ; I/I X Y/R ; S/I C. R/R; S/I X R/R ; S/I D. Y/R ; S/I X Y/Y ; I/I E. R/R ; I/I X Y/R ; S/S 33. From left to right, what are the genotypes for the cross 3 parents? A. Y/Y ; S/I X Y/R ; S/I B. Y/R ; S/S X Y/Y ; S/I C. Y/R ; S/I X Y/R ; S/I D. Y/R ; S/S X R/R ; S/I E. Y/R ; S/S X Y/R ; S/S 7

34. Wollman and Jacob generated a series of independent Hfr strains and determined their transmission order during conjugation data below. Hfr strain transmission order H O thr pro lac pur gal his gly thi F 1 O thr thi gly his gal pur lac pro F 2 O pro thr thi gly his gal pur lac F 3 O pur lac pro thr thi gly his gal F AB 312 O thi thr pro lac pur gal his gly F This data led them to correctly conclude that A. they discovered specialized transduction B. recipient strain was originally prototrophic C. the map unit distance between phage genes D. the bacterial chromosome was circular E. independent assortment of bacterial genes 35. How many different types of gametes can be made by an individual with the genotype: A/a ; B/B ; C/c ; D/d ; E/e ; F/f A. 8 B. 12 C. 16 D. 32 E. 64 36. Through studies with fruit flies, which individual came up with the idea that independent assortment for two genes may not occur when the genes are located on the same chromosome? A. Gregor Mendel B. Barbara McClintock C. Thomas Hunt Morgan D. Wilhelm Johannsen E. Reginald Punnett 37. True (A) or False (B), crossing over occurs in bacterial cells. True 8

38 and 39. An ade+ arg+ cys+ his+ leu+ pro+ bacterial strain is known to be lysogenic for a newly discovered phage, but the site of the prophage is not known. The bacterial map is: The lysogenic strain is used as a source for new phages that are added to a bacterial strain of genotype ade- arg- cys- his- leu- pro-. After a short incubation, samples of these bacteria are plated on six different media, with the supplementations indicated in the following table. The table also shows whether colonies were observed on the various media. (In this table, a plus sign indicates the presence of a nutrient supplement, a minus sign indicates the that a supplement is not present, N indicates no colonies, and C indicates colonies present.) 38. What genetic process is at work here? A. Hfr-mediated conjugation B. F+ mediated conjugation C. plasmid transformation D. specialized transduction E. generalized transduction 39. What position best approximates the locus of the prophage? A. between arg and his B. between his and ade C. between ade and pro D. between cys and leu E. between cys and arg 9

40. The graph below demonstrates the: A. order of gene transfer to a recipient bacterium. B. order that multiple drug resistance developed in dairy industry. C. order of genes on a phage chromosome. D. timing of when different types of pili are produced. E. order that phage are being produced. 10